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Download Meanings and derivations of some native plants in the Pacific
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Transcript
Meanings and derivations of some native plants in the Pacific Northwest Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus published his first edition of Systema Naturae in 1735. He used the differences in the structure of flower parts and developed a system to classify plants. He developed a binomial (two-name) system. The first name, the genus, refers to the “type” such as a pine, (pinus). The second name, the specific epithet, refers to a particular species within that genus; so that Pinus ponderosa refers to a specific kind of pine tree, the Ponderosa Pine. Sometimes you will see letters or abbreviations that follow a species name. These refer to the first person or persons to describe and/or name it. For example, when you see an “L.” following a scientific name, it means that it was originally described and named by Linnaeus. His system still works surprising well in this age where relationships between living organisms can be determined by genetic sequencing. Latin was used to name plants because at that time period it was the common language of the scientific community in Europe. Many names are merely “Latinized.” They are usually derived from a distinguishing characteristic, a person’s name, or the place or habitat where they are found. The pronunciation of the names may vary by how it would be said under Latin pronunciation rules, or by using the source’s original pronunciation. Pronunciation may also vary in different parts of the world. Plants named after People Common Name Douglas Fir Scientific Name Pseudotsuga menziesii Genus Meaning “False Hemlock” Pacific Madrone Arbutus menziesii Latin name for Strawberry Tree Oregon White Oak Mountain Hemlock Pacific Dogwood Pacific Mock Orange Quercus garryana Tsuga mertensiana Cornus nutallii Philadelphus lewisii Salal Piggy Plant Douglas Iris Gaultheria shallon Tolmiea menziesii Iris douglasiana Oak Hemlock Dogwood (horn or antler) “brotherly love” after Pharoah Ptolemy II Philadelphus. native name for the plant William Fraser Tolmie Gk. Goddess of the rainbow Plants named after Places or habitat Common Name Sitka Spruce Alaska Yellow Cedar Pacific Wax Myrtle Western Azalea Maidenhair Fern Coastal Strawberry Bunchberry Seathrift or Sea Pink Redwood Sorrel Tiger Lily Scientific Name Picea sitchensis Callitropsis nootkatensis Morella californica Rhododendron occidentale Adiantum aleuticum Fragaria chiloensis Cornus canadensis Armeria maritima Oxalis oregana Lilium columbianum Genus Meaning Pitch Pine Beautiful turning Little mulberry Rose-red Tree Unwetted (sheds water) The scent of the fruit Dogwood (horn or antler L. name for Dianthus Gk. Name for sorrel, acid Lily Named After Archibald Menzies (& David Douglas) Archibald Menzies Nicholas Garry Franz Karl Mertens Thomas Nuttall Meriwether Lewis Hugues Jean Gaulthier Archibald Menzies David Douglas Species Meaning Tlingit tribe/city in Alaska Of Nootka Sound Of California Of the west Of the Aleutian Islands From Chile From Canada On the seacoast Of Oregon Of the Columbia (River) Gray’s ship, Christopher Columbus Plants named after characteristics Common Name Western Hemlock Western Red Cedar Grand Fir Noble Fir Ponderosa Pine Big Leaf Maple Paper Birch Quaking Aspen Subalpine Fir Shore Pine Vine Maple Red-twig Dogwood Or Redosier Dogwood Serviceberry Western Hazelnut American Cranberrybush Pacific Ninebark Pacific Rhododendron Scientific Name Tsuga heterophylla Thuja plicata Abies grandis Abies procera Pinus ponderosa Acer macrophyllum Betula papyrifera Populus tremuloides Abies lasiocarpa Pinus contorta Acer circinatum Cornus sericea Genus meaning Hemlock (Japan) Juniper (Greek) Fir Fir Pine Maple Birch Poplar Fir Pine Maple Dogwood (horn or antler) Amelanchier alnifolia Corylus cornuta Viburnum opulus French name for genus Hazelnut or Filbert Latin name for Wayfaring Tree V. lantana Bladder fruit Rose-red Tree Indian Plum Red-flowering Currant Tall Oregon Grape Physocarpus capitatus Rhododendron macrophyllum Oemleria cerasiformis Ribes sanguineum Mahonia aquifolium Oceanspray Holodiscus discolor Red Elderberry Sambucus racemosa Snowberry Western Sword Fern Deer Fern Lady Fern Symphoricarpos albus Polystichum munitum Blechnum spicant Athyrium felix-femina Evergreen Huckleberry Vaccinium ovatum Low Oregon Grape Western Bleeding Heart Inside-out Flower Kinnikinnick or Bearberry Mahonia nervosa Dicentra formosa Vancouveria hexandra Arctostaphlos uva-ursi Entire (unlobed) disc (under petals, sepals) stringed instrument made from elder wood. Bear-together fruits many rows (spore cases) Fern (Gk.) Doorless (late opening spores) L. name for European Blueberry Bernard McMahon Two-spurred George Vancouver Bear grapes Wild Ginger False-lily-of-the-valley Goatsbeard Asarum caudatum Maianthemum dilatum Aruncus dioicus Wild Ginger (Gk.) May flower Gk. name Tufted Hairgrass Beargrass Western Columbine Yarrow Deschampsia caespitosa Xerophyllum tenax Aquilegia formosa Achillea millefolium Fringecup Nodding Onion Common Camas Western Trillium Tellima grandiflora Allium cernuum Camassia quamash Trillium ovatum Louis Auguste Deschamps Dry leaf Water-collecting Achilles (who used it medicinally) Anagram of Mitella Garlic Sweet Three Augustus Gottlieb Oemler Acid-tasting Bernard McMahon Species Meaning Different leaves Plaited (leaves) Large Tall Big or heavy Big leaf Paper-bearing Trembling-like Rough fruit Twisted (shoots/needles) Rounded (leaves) Silky (hairs under leaves); (Osier are willows used for baskets) Alder-leaved Horn (appearance of husk) Resembling Acer opalus (Mapleshaped leaves, opalus for opal) Having a head (flower cluster) Big leaf cherry-shaped Blood-red Leaves that have curved hooks like an eagle’s beak. two-colored (leaves-top & bottom) With racemes (elongated inflorescences) White armed (with teeth on fronds) Spiked (erect fertile fronds) Happy lady Oval (leaves) Veined (leaves) beautiful Six stamens Bear’s grape (berry on a vine) Kinnikinnick, is a native term for any plant used for smoking) With tail (sepals) Expanded/enlarged Dioecious (separate genderstwo houses) Tufted tenacious beautiful Thousand-leaved Large flowers Nodding Bulb Oval (leaves)
