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Download Moon Jupiter Ganymede Artega - ASTR101
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JUPITER MOON GANYMEDE Presented by Javier Arteaga Contributors: Astro 101 Javier Arteaga, Spring 2016 Micheal Degbe, Fall 2014 Dr Mike Chu http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/21/ world/jupiter-juice-mission/ PHOTOS OF GANYMEDE Taken from Voyager 2 on July 2nd 1979 http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/ object_page/vg2_p21749.html Taken from Galileo Spacecraft in January 18th 1999 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)#/ media/File:Ganymede-moon.jpg DISCOVERY • A Chinese historian named Xi Zezong claimed to have seen the moon Ganymede back in 362 BC (first reported sighting) • Ganymede was officially discovered by Galileo Galilei on January 7, 1610 • Ganymede was discovered along with three other Jovian moons called Io, Europa, and Callisto • Galileo originally called Ganymede Jupiter III. • This led to the discovery that planets revolve around the sun and not the solar system revolving around Earth • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Galilean_moons#Discovery MYTHOLOGY • Ganymede was a Trojan prince known for his beauty • He was the Son of the King Tros of Dardania, after whom Troy took its name • According to mythology, Zeus turned into an eagle and abducted Ganymede to bring him to mount Olympus • Ganymede would then serve as a cupbearer for the gods as well as Zeus’s lover. • Zeus would soon make him immortal as the constellation representing Aquarius • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Andr22.jpg ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION • Ganymede was most likely formed • The decay of radioactive elements within rocks further heated the core caused by an accretion in Jupiter’s increased differentiation subnebula • The accretion most likely too around 10,000 years which is much shorter its estimated 100,00 years for Callisto • Ganymede formed closer to Jupiter where the subnebula was more dense • After Formation, Ganymede’s core retained most of the heat accumulated from accretion and differentiation http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ luna/esp_lunassistsolar23.htm MAIN CHARACTERISTICS • The largest moon in the solar system, and actually the 9th largest object before Mercury and Pluto, would be classified as a planet if it orbited the Sun • Ganymede is 4.5 billion years old • Ganymede is seventh and largest satellite of Jupiter • Ganymede’s orbital period is 172 hours long opposed to Earths 365 day orbital period http://eruptedrainbow.tumblr.com/post/9138085606/jupiter-has-atleast-63-known-moons-these-are-the • Due to its very thin atmosphere, Ganymede is unable to support life • Its gravity is 1.428 m/s2 opposed to earths which is 9.8 m/s2 SIZE COMPARISON • This is a size comparison with the earth and its moon and Ganymede • Its volume is 7.6 x 1010km3. Its volume is about 7% of earths volume • Its mass is 1.4819 x 1023 kg. It has more than twice the mass of the earths moon • http://www.vox.com/2015/3/12/8200433/ ganymede-ocean SURFACE TEXTURE • Ganymede’s surface is covered by a layer of rock with a lot of bumps which may be rock formations followed by a mostly ice crust • Its surface area is 87 million km2 • Ganymede has two types of terrain that makes up its surface giving its appearance • 40% of its surface is dark with craters due to meteors and comets hitting it • 60% of its surface is lighter in color has grooves to give its appearance http://web.pdx.edu/~ruzickaa/G456/ Galileanlab/Galileanlab.htm • The grooves were either formed by tectonic activity or water being released from below the surface. Picture of Ganymede’s Surface that shows its grooved terrain trenches and crated areas INTERNAL STRUCTURES AND CORE • An analysis published in 2014 suggests that Ganymede’s has several ocean layers separated by phases of ice • The analysis also says that 800 m to the seafloor mean that temperature at the bottom could be up to 40 K • Temperature in the core of Ganymede is around 1500 to 1700 K • Radius of core may be up to 500 km • Ganymede has a Iron sulfide iron core and silicate mantle • Has lowest moment of inertia factor among other solid solar system bodies • http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0032063314000695 http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/hubbles-view-of-ganymede-briefing-materials INTERNAL STRUCTURE This is a visual representation of Ganymede’s internal structure • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(moon) MAGNETOSPHERE • Ganymede is the only moon in our solar system to have its very own magnetic field • Its magnetic field is barely noticeable due to Jupiter’s much larger magnetic field covering it up • The magnetosphere of Ganymede is likely to have been created through convection within its liquid iron core • The Galileo craft was the one to discover Ganymede’s magnetosphere • http://www.kurzweilai.net/vast-underground-oceandiscovered-on-jupiters-largest-moon • http://www.ucl.ac.uk/mssl/planetary-science/research AURORAL BELTS • The auroral belt indicates a subsurface saline ocean • The magnetic field is what causes the aurorae • When Jupiter’s aurorae changes so does Ganymede’s Aurorae • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ganymede_(moon)#Magnetosphere Visual representation of Ganymede’s aurorae PAST EXPLORATIONS • Several probes flying by or orbiting Jupiter have explored Ganymede which include four flybys in the 1970’s and some passes in the 1990’s and 2000’s • It began with Pioneer 10 making its first arrival in 1973 followed by pioneer 11 in 1974 • Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 brought us pictures of the moon through its journey in the solar system and refined its size • In 1995, the Galileo spacecraft entered orbit around Jupiter and was able to make six close flybys to explore Ganymede • http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/missions/archive/ pioneer.html • http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do? id=1977-076A Pioneer 10 (bottom) Voyager 2 (top) FUTURE EXPLORATIONS • The Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM) had proposed a launch date in 2020 and was proposed by NASA and ESA • The ESJM was later renamed Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (Juice) and changed its launch date to 2022 • This spacecraft will orbit Ganymede and also do flyby investigation of other Jupiter moon’s • The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter was another proposed project to orbit Ganymede but was cancelled in 2005 due to budget cuts • http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-069 JUPITER ICY MOON EXPLORER AND JUPITER ICY MOON ORBITER Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (Left) Jupiter Icy Moon Orbiter (Right) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Orbiter.jpg http://www.americaspace.com/?attachment_id=31787 QUESTIONS • Who discovered Ganymede? • Can Ganymede’s atmosphere support life? • Which Spacecraft discovered Ganymede’s magnetosphere? • Who was Ganymede named after? • How was Ganymede most likely formed? SOURCES • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(moon) • http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/ganymede • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(mythology) • http://www.space.com/16440-ganymede-facts-about-jupiterslargest-moon.html • http://theplanets.org/ganymede/
