Download THEMA TIC GEO GR A PHY UNIT 1: INTODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY

WORLD GEOGRAPHY: SCOPE AND SEQUENCE
PACING:
UNIT 1: INTODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY
5 Days
CONCEPTS
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
Tools of Geography
Absolute Location
Equator
Hemisphere
Longitude
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
Maps represent geographic Information. Geographers use problem solving and
research to examine geographic questions.
Latitude
Prime Meridian
Relative Location
UNIT VOCABULARY
cartographer
globalization
validity
secondary source
distortion
map projection
primary source
International Date Line
GUIDED QUESTIONS
1.
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
How does GPS interact with our lives today?
Atlas
Impact of Technology
Parts of Map: Legend, Scale, Equator, Latitude & Longitude
Thematic map
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
2.
How do different types of maps, graphs and charts show a variety of
information?
How can maps be used to answer geographic questions infer relationships and
analyze change?
TEKS
21A- Analyze and evaluate
the validity and utility of
multiple sources, aerial
photographs and maps
21C- Create and interpret
different types of maps to
answer geographic
questions, infer
relationships, and analyze
change
Technology



SS Skills
20A- Science, technology,
and society. The student
understands how current
technology affects human
interaction. Describe the
impact of new information
technologies such as the
Internet, Global Positioning
System(GPS), or Geographic
Information Systems(GIS)
TOPICS & CONTENT
Illustrated diagram: graphic organizer
(page 62 in Mastering the TEKS Book)




Stations: Create stations illustrating
multiple sources where students must
analyze/ evaluate each source for its
validity and utility.
Aerial Photos
Gazetteer/Index
Satellite photos
Utility

Climate maps: general information about the climate and precipitation of a region.
Cartographers use colors to show different climate or precipitation zones.
Economic or resource maps: feature the type of natural resources or economic
activity that dominates an area. Cartographers use symbols to show the locations of
natural resources or economic activities.
Physical maps: illustrate the physical features of an area, such as the mountains,
rivers and lakes. Colors are used to show relief—differences in land elevations.


ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
GPS: a network of satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS
satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal
information to earth. GPS receivers take this information and use triangulation to
calculate the user's exact location.
GIS: a tool that allows geographers and analysts to visualize data in several different
ways in order to see patterns and relationships in a given area or subject. These
patterns generally appear on maps but they can also be found on globes or in reports
and charts.
Impact: allowed information to be easily accessible worldwide, including computer
mapping and navigation




SS Skills
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
1.
Atlas Maps
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Validity
Groups: Divide class into 3 groups:
maps and globes; types of maps; and
map reading. Have each group create
graphic organizers to illustrate their
assigned concept(s). Students should
then be regrouped so that there is one
person representing each concept.
Students should teach each other the

Political maps: do not show physical features. Instead, they indicate state and
national boundaries and capital and major cities.
TEKS
TOPICS & CONTENT

22B- Generate summaries,
generalizations, and thesis
statements supported by
evidence
22C- Use geographic
terminology correctly
22D- Use standard
grammar, spelling, sentence
structure, and punctuation
Social Studies Skills














SS Skills
22A- Design and draw
appropriate graphics such
as maps, diagrams, tables,
and graphs to communicate
geographic features,
distributions, and
relationships
Social Studies Skills
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
SS Skills
Con’t
Road maps: show major highways and roads, airports, railroad tracks, cities and
other points of interest in an area.
Topographic maps: include contour lines to show the shape and elevation of an area.
Lines that are close together indicate steep terrain, and lines that are far apart
indicate flat terrain
Map projections: Mercator, Robinson, Mollweide, broken equal area (interrupted)
T - Title……………. what, where, when
O - Orientation… compass rose
D - Date…………… when the map was made
A - Author……….. person who made the map
L - Legend………... (key) explains symbols used
S - Scale…………... explains distance a unit of measure represents in the area shown
on the map
I - Index…………… helps to find the address of a place
G - Grid……………. series of lines on a map that match the index. Sometimes these
are line of latitude and longitude
S - Source………... where the mapmaker found the information on the map
Design and draw maps to show geographic distributions, features, and relationships
Design and draw bar/line/circle graphs/tables/diagrams
Thesis statement: a short statement, usually one sentence, that summarizes the main
point or claim of an essay, research paper, etc., and is developed, supported, and
explained in the text by means of examples and evidence.
Equator
Five Themes of Geography
International Date Line
Latitude
Legend
Longitude
Maps
Prime Meridian
Scale
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
content and make entries into their
notebooks
Geography Alive!
The Tools of Geography
A Spatial Way of Thinking
Map Making: You are interviewing for a
job as a local cartographer. For the
interview, you must bring an original
map of your home town. Use
TODALSIGS to create your map. Include
diagrams, tables, and graphs.
Remember, the more impressive, the
higher your chances of being hired.
Exit Slips: Respond to essential
questions by taking a stand and
justifying responses.
Charts: illustrating 5 themes. Include: location
and explain how geographers describe it; place
and region and identify the differences among
formal, functional, and perceptual regions;
human-environment and explain the
geographic theme of human environmental
interaction; and movement and distinguish
among linear, time, and psychological
distances. Students should then make maps
using the 5 Themes of Geography to describe
22E- Create original work
using proper citations and
understanding and avoiding
plagiarism
their community and present their work to the
class.
Thematic map
Cube: Five Themes of Geography in Your
Community: Students will create a cube from
construction paper or poster board. Using
pictures and words from magazines and the
Internet, students will illustrate each of the
four sides and the top of the cube with images
reflecting each of the five themes of geography
as they apply to Conroe and the surrounding
area. Glue onto paper with all sources listed.
PACING:
UNIT 2: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
7 Days
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY
TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY
CONCEPTS
Physical Geography
atmosphere
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
erosion lithosphere rotation
Forces shape the earth’s landforms, climate, and plant life.
biosphere monsoon tectonic forces
convection revolution hydrosphere
tornado
tsunami
cyclone
typhoon
El Niño
La Niña
elevation
arid
tropical
temperate
polar
GUIDED QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How are tectonic plates involved in the creation of land features like volcanoes, rift valleys,
and mountain ranges?
How does the relationship between the earth and the sun determine the climate/seasons?
Why do we use the mnemonic word “LAMECOW(S)” to explain weather?
What is the difference between El Nino and La Nina?
Can you describe this area in terms of its different types of regions? (formal, functional,
perceptual)
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1.
2.
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
Non-renewable Resources
Renewable Resources
Strategic Location
Sustainable Growth
What are the basic features of the earth’s continents and regions?
What creates the climate regions and how do they effect population distribution and their
economical activities?
TEKS
4B- Describe different
landforms and the physical
processes that cause their
development
TOPICS & CONTENT

Surface Forces:

Physical Processes
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
climate
UNIT VOCABULARY



Mountain range: When two continental plates collide, they push up against each other and the plates
buckle. The fold results in a mountain range.
Canyons: Weathering of rocks and erosion over time creates canyons.
Delta: A triangular area of land formed from deposits of sediment at the mouth of a river. Examples:
Mississippi Delta, Nile Delta
Forces within the Earth:


Volcanoes: As plates push together, one plate is forced under the other in a process called
subduction. As the bottom plate melts, magma rises and forms volcanoes
Tsunamis: series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Book Foldable: Research to find major
landforms on 4 continents. Create a flip
book detailing how each was formed,
where they are located, etc. Include
images and illustrations.
3C- Examine the physical
processes that affect the
lithosphere, atmosphere,
hydrosphere, and biosphere
Physical Processes




Physical
Processes
3B- Describe the physical
processes that affect the
environments of regions,
including weather, tectonic
forces, erosion, and soilbuilding processes





TEKS
TOPICS & CONTENT

Climate





Climate
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
3A- Explain weather
conditions and climate in
relation to annual changes
in Earth-Sun relationships
4A- Explain how elevation,
latitude, wind systems,
ocean currents, position on
a continent, and mountain
barriers influence
temperature, precipitation,
and distribution of climate
regions
Weather: the condition of the atmosphere at a particular location and time.
Tectonic Forces: an enormous moving shelf that forms the earth’s crust (i.e. Pangaea)
Gravity: natural force that causes objects to tend to move toward the earth’s center.
Soil Building Processes: Climate plays a role in the process through the interaction of
wind, water, and temperature on parent rock material. As soil is built, it is also being
eroded. The types of vegetation found in a region are the result of the interplay of
soil building processes, geology (parent rock), and climate (precipitation and
temperature).
4 Physical Processes Categories: (1) those operating in the atmosphere, (climate and
meteorology); (2) those operating in the lithosphere, (plate tectonics, erosion, and
soil formation); (3) those operating in the hydrosphere, (the circulation of oceans and
the hydrologic cycle); and (4) those operating in the biosphere (plant and animal
communities and ecosystems).
Lithosphere: rock portion of earth’s surface (plate tectonics, erosion, weathering)
Atmosphere: layer of gases surround the earth (climate)
Hydrosphere: all waters comprising the earth’s surface (oceans)
Biosphere: all the parts of the earth where plants and animals live (ecosystems)


Solstice: The two times of year when the sun’s rays shine directly overhead at noon
at the furthest points north. The summer solstice is the longer day of the year and
the winter solstice is the shortest day of the year.
Equinox: The two days in a year on which day and night are equal in length. This
marks the beginning of spring and autumn. This combination of tilt and revolution
produces seasonal variation in the amount of energy different parts of Earth receive.
This variation, along with other factors, produces global patterns of temperature and
precipitation (key components of climate). The Sun’s rays are most intense north of
the equator (23 ½ degrees N – The Tropic of Cancer) in June and south of the equator
(23 ½ degrees S –The Tropic of Capricorn) in December.
Include: Rotation, revolution, position in solar system, Coriolis Effect, current and
wind patterns, tropical, temperate, and polar climate zones, types of precipitation
Elevation: Describe climate patterns as you go higher and lower in elevation.
Latitude: Explain the trade winds, doldrums, and westerlies and their effect on ocean
currents and land temperature and compare climates in low, middle, and high zones.
Location near warm and cold ocean currents: Identify and compare climate along
the Atlantic coast and the Pacific coast of North America, South America, and Europe.
Position on a continent: Locate and describe the main climate patterns of the world,
according to their general geographic distribution, major weather patterns, and
native vegetation; tropical rain forest, tropical savanna, tropical monsoon, desert,
steppe, marine west coast, Mediterranean, humid subtropical, humid continental,
subarctic, tundra, ice cap, and highland.
Mountain barriers: Identify climates on either side of a mountain range.
News Story: In groups of 3, investigate
weather, tectonic forces, soil building
processes, or erosion along the coast of
California. Analyze its impact on the
environment and humans. Write and
present a skit. One student will be a
news reporter interviewing the others
(maybe a scientist and local resident).
Explain findings and how physical
process is affecting separate areas.
What can be done to help these
environments?
Cartoon: Draw 4 cartoon strips each featuring
one topic (lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere,
and biosphere). Show the physical processes that
affect each through the cartoon.
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
JetStream: Online School for Weather –
Weather modules
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/srh/jetstream/
Processing Question: What is the
relationship between weather
conditions and climate to annual
changes in Earth-Sun relationships?
Climographs: are a graphic way of
displaying climate information;
specifically, average temperature and
precipitation.
Students will
create one
for 5 diff.
climate
regions
(elevation,
latitude, etc)



Climate
4C- Explain the influence of
climate on the distribution
of biomes in different
regions


Human-Env Interaction
8B- Describe the
interaction between
humans and the physical
environment and analyze
the consequences of
extreme weather and other
natural disasters such as El
Niño, floods, tsunamis, and
volcanoes





TOPICS & CONTENT

Con’t

Human-Env Interaction
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
TEKS
Include: Location and types of biomes and climate regions
Andes Mountains: formation of mountains affects vegetation and animals.
Tropical rainforests of the Amazon Basin: climate influences vegetation which
influences the logging industry.
Llanos and cerrado (Venezuela and Brazil): climate influences vegetation (grasslands)
which influences agriculture because of the expansive flat and treeless land.
Atacama Desert: lack of precipitation caused by rainshadow (orographic effect)
affects vegetation and animals.
Desert – Sahara, Namib, Kalahari
Savanna – Serengeti
For each region, identify how humans have modified, adapted to, depended on, and
interacted with their environment. Understand that the ways people interact with
the environment depend upon three factors: (1) the nature of the environment; (2)
the culture and values of the human group; and (3) their level of technology.
Describe common natural hazards: Floods, droughts, earthquakes, tsunamis,
hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones, El Niño, La Niña, and volcanoes
Consequences: Fatalities, relocation, agricultural yields, economic insecurity


South Asia: 2004, massive Indian Ocean earthquake (9.1-9.3) triggered devastating
tsunamis along Indian Ocean coastlines causing over 230,000 deaths in 14 countries.
East Africa: El Niño-- Periods of drought in Sudan and the Horn of Africa have created
the loss of vegetation used for grazing. As livestock dies people migrate to other
areas so that their animals might graze. Over grazing of these areas lead to the
desertification of land.
North America: El Niño affects the Gulf Coast and the Southern East Coast of the
United States is in a cyclical period where there have been a large number of
hurricanes during the season. During 2005, Hurricane Katrina and Rita category four
and five hurricanes devastated the coast of Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi.
South America: Connections among economic development – Harvesting tropical
hardwoods for export by the timber industry is taking place in the Amazon rain forest
of South America. Population Growth – small towns and cities have sprung up in
mining and lumber centers within Amazon rainforest. Environmental change –
Indigenous people utilize the slash- and-burn technique to create agricultural land,
which they use for a short time due to the lack of soil fertility. This is usually done by
the clear-cutting method with no regard for preserving the environment.
Flip Map: Complete a climate map with
flip tabs located
on 4 regional
biomes. Below
each flap is an
explanation of
how climate
influences that
biome.
Application Activity: As the Director of
Safety for Smallville, FL., or Smallville, CA.,
students must choose 2 of the natural
hazards discussed that pose a threat to the
community, describe the negative
environmental and human effects, and
suggest solutions to further reduce such
effects including the use of any advanced
technology.
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Presentation: Students research to
create a multimedia presentation on
global warming (climatic change)
Hurricane Katrina: Complete coverage
article from National Geographic
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2
005/09/0902_050902_katrina_coverage.html
Making Waves from University of South
Florida (Natural disasters, El Nino, Breaking
News, Coral Reefs, Red Tide)
http://waves.marine.usf.edu/mwhome.htm
United Streaming Videos – El Nino; the
Driving Force of Weather Patterns
National Geographic Article on El Nino
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/elnino
/mainpage.html


Regions
9A- Identify physical and/or
human factors such as
climate, vegetation,
language, trade networks,
political units, river systems,
and religion that constitute
a region





9B- Describe different
types of regions, including
formal, functional, and
perceptual regions
Regions


Climate: the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area
Vegetation: Earth’s land divided into vegetation regions. These areas have distinct
types of plants, soil, and weather patterns. Vegetation regions can be divided into five
major types: forest, grassland, tundra, desert, and ice sheet.
Language: spoken, written, gestured, etc
Trade Networks: a series of routes or paths by which trade can take place
Political Units: organizations or systems of government, politics, or beliefs
Religion: beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that relate humanity to the
supernatural and to spirituality
Formal region: (counties, states, countries) characterized by a common human
property, such as the presence of people who share a language, religion, nationality,
political identity, or culture; or it is characterized by a common physical property, such
as the presence of a type of climate, landform, or vegetation. The Rocky Mountain
region, the Corn Belt, and Latin America are examples of formal regions
Functional region: (metropolitan areas) organized around a node or focal point, with
surrounding areas linked by transportation systems, communication systems, or other
associations such as manufacturing and retail trading. Chicago, with its highways,
railways, Great Lakes shipping, airlines, and telecommunications, is a focal point in the
north-central region of the United States.
Perceptual region: (based on human feelings and attitudes about areas) defined by
people’s shared subjective images. Southern California, Dixie, the Riviera, and
Australian Outback are perceptual regions. These spatial units may be without precise
borders or even commonly accepted regional characteristics and names
Social Studies Instructional Strategies:
p. 2, Act it Out (book located on First
Class)
FIRSTCLASS: Concept of a Region
Curriculum and Instruction/Social
Studies/Secondary Activities/Geography
Social Studies Instructional Strategies:
p. 165, Visual Discovery (book located
on First Class)
PACING:
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
UNIT 3: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
CONCEPTS
Tools of Demography
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
People adapt to and modify their physical environment.
Key factors influence where people settle.
Population patterns have changed over time.
12 Days
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
suburb
urbanization
migration
death rate
rural
life expectance
urban
birth rate
cultural
overpopulation
Water=People
GUIDED QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
What are push and pull factors for this area? Human made? Environment made?
On a population pyramid, what are the many theories you can pull about that
particular area?
How has Globalization affected societies and their cultures?
UNIT VOCABULARY
arable
population density
infant mortality rate
literacy rate
folk culture
standard of living
demography
diffusion
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
Arable Soil
Migration
Rural/ Urban
Culture
Nomad(ic)
Urbanization
convergence
divergence
assimilation
indigenous
pop culture
multicultural
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. What factors influence the size and distribution of human settlements?
2. What processes lead to changes in settlement patterns?
3. What factors influence the world’s population growth?
TEKS
Settlement





Settlement
6B- Explain the processes
that have caused changes in
settlement patterns,
including urbanization,
transportation, access to
and availability of
resources, and economic
activities
7A- Analyze and construct
population pyramids and
use other data, graphics,
and maps to describe the
population characteristics of
different societies and to
predict future population
trends


Physical features affecting settlement: bodies of water, climates, fertile/infertile soil
and biomes.
Human Features: transportation routes, trade, economics, religion, political, migration
Push/Pull Factors
Show change to settlement patterns over time.
Determine how climate, transportation routes, and available water affected
settlements
Location along transportation routes (ex. NORTH AMERICA – Cities have developed
and grown due to the NAFTA highway 35 Corridor)
Availability of resources (including food and water) that have attracted settlers and
economic activities.
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Writing: Give partners a list of specific
locations. Students must examine map
of locations, research facts associated
with each, and write a description of
how each settlement has been
influenced by human and physical
features.
Closer Look: Choose cities to examine.



Which of the following was a factor in the
original location?
Which of the following has contributed to
the growth (or decline) of the cities?
Are any of the cities connected to each
other due to the following factors?
•Bodies of water (transportation/irrigation)
•Transportation routes
•Climates
•Natural resources •Jobs available •Political

World Population
6A- Locate and describe
human and physical
features that influence the
size and distribution of
settlements
TOPICS & CONTENT
Construct and analyze population pyramids from various countries as well as data,
graphics and maps
 Describe population characteristics and predict future growth trends. Compare
pyramids showing rapid growth, slow growth, and negative (declining) growth.
 North America: the USA; Africa: Egypt/Somalia/Nigeria; Asia: India/China; Europe:
France/Germany/Italy/Turkey; Latin America: compare different countries
 Countries to compare to India: USA, China, Somalia, Brazil, Japan, Germany
 China’s population policies: one child policy; compare to India’s pop policies
Population Pyramids:
www.populationconnection.org
Lesson: Power of the Pyramids-teaches
students how to construct and analyze
data to create a population pyramid of
different countries
www.census.gov
Resource for local (state, city) pyramids.
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
7B- Explain how political,
economic, social, and
environmental push and
pull factors and physical
geography affect the routes
and flows of human
migration
How do political, economic, social, and environmental push and pull factors and physical
geography affect the routes and flows of human migration?
 National (Inter-regional) Migration
-- California to Texas (Voluntary migration)
Pull: cheaper labor, land, skilled workforce, business costs are less
-- Katrina Migration (forced)
Pull: to Houston because it was the nearest large city
Push: hurricane and flooding
 International Migration
-- Mexico to USA
Pull: Jobs, education, close proximity, personal freedoms
Push: lack of education and economic opportunity.
Story: Students will write a story as if
they are journalists for National
Geographic Magazine. They will report
on the migration of a family (or family
member) including the push-pull factors,
their experiences, the result, and the
challenges of physical geography.
World Population
TOPICS & CONTENT
THEMATIC
GEOGRAPHY
TEKS
World
Population
Globalization
7D- Examine benefits and
challenges of globalization,
including connectivity,
standard of living,
pandemics, and loss of local
culture
8A- Compare ways that
humans depend on, adapt
to, and modify the physical
environment, including the
influences of culture and
technology
Human-Env Interaction
7C- Describe trends in
world population growth
and distribution

Physical geography affects routes, flows, and destinations of migration due to
infrastructure, borders and fences, etc.


In History: Agricultural Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Medical Revolution
Modern Trends: Urbanization (shift in pop. During latter half of 20th century from
rural to urban centers. Move in search of economic opportunities, healthcare,
education); Population has passed 7 billion (Look at China/India. How has pop grown
so fast in past 100 years? What’s the projection for 10 years? 20? 50? 100?)
Globalization
 Benefits: advanced societies, technology (ex: internet, social networks, cell phone
connectivity around the world), economic/entrepreneurial opportunity, higher
standard of living
 Challenges: maintaining cultural identity, loss of local culture, economic equality,
spread of pandemics
 For each region, identify how humans have modified, adapted to, depended on, and
interacted with their environment.
 Understand that the ways people interact with the environment depend upon: the
nature of the environment (including availability and access to resources); needs of
the society; the culture and values of the human group; and their level of technology.
 Effects of Population Growth and Industrialization: pollution, global warming, climatic
change), using up resources such as water and trees, expanded middle class (but
income gap between rich and poor remains high), higher crime rates in city(due to
increased density, and poverty)
Online Research:
Population Reference Bureau
www.prb.org
Dot Activity
Collage: Create a collage poster on
construction paper visually depicting the
benefits and challenges of globalization,
making sure to differentiate between
the two.
Social Studies Instructional Strategies:
p. 165, Visual Discovery (book located
on First Class)
UNIT 4: Human Continued…CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY
CONCEPTS
Change
Christian World
Muslim World
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
culture
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
trade
People are a product of their culture.
Culture regions vary around the world.
Physical and human geography changes over time.
ethnic group
customs
PACING:
COMBINED WITH HUMAN
UNIT VOCABULARY
diffusion
multicultural
pop culture
folk culture
assimilation
indigenous
convergence
divergence
war
GUIDED QUESTIONS
Can you answer the ABC’s of a given culture?
What is the basic purpose that religion plays in the organization of a people?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. What beliefs and traditions are held by the world’s religions and where are they
distributed?
2. How does the spatial diffusion of ideas, products and traits lead to change,
including cultural divergence and convergence?
3. What is the difference between ethnicity and race?
TEKS
6B- Explain the processes
that have caused changes in
settlement patterns,
including urbanization,
transportation, access to
and availability of
Ethnic Group
Trade
Judaism Sikhism
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
History
Environmental Conditions: harsh, arid regions, extreme heat or cold, and drought or
excessive precipitation, familiar climate regions (similar to country of origin)
 Physical Features: mountain ranges, deserts, plains, bodies of water, and river basins
 Political/Economic Features: Regions of a country, major economic activities within
regions, migration patterns to as well as within a nation or region, settled close to
other recent immigrants with similar backgrounds.

Regions
5A- Analyze how the
character of a place is
related to its political,
economic, social, and
cultural elements
Culture
Customs
Diffusion
Indigenous
Pandemic
Social Mobility
Religion Buddhism Christianity Hinduism Islam

1A- Analyze the effects of physical
and human geographic patterns
and processes on the past and
describe their impact on the
present, including significant
physical features and envir.
conditions that influenced
migration patterns and shaped the
distribution of culture groups today
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
TOPICS & CONTENT
Settlement
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
1.
2.
The character of a place is a combination of living components, nonliving components,
origin and history
 Compare various countries and demographic information
 Resources: Population Reference Bureau- www.prb.org for maps and articles about
population; Mapping World- http://show.mappingworlds.com//world/?=EN for
cartogram visuals; Gapminder- http://www.gapminder.org/ for cartogram visuals
 Standard of living is a function of the level of development in a country, measured by
factors such as the per capita income, literacy rate, life expectancy, infant mortality
rate, death rate, and birth rate.
 Compare and contrast a country with a high standard of living and a country with a
low standard of living to evaluate how it affects a country’s political, economic, and
.
resources, and economic
activities
social landscape. Students should be able to compare and contrast population
pyramids of U.S. and Mexico versus the rest of Latin America.
 Level of Development is interrelated to the infrastructure (roads, electricity,
plumbing, government services, etc) of a country.
 Push/Pull Factors

Cultural Region
16A- Describe distinctive
cultural patterns and
landscapes associated with
different places in Texas,
the United States, and other
regions of the world and
how these patterns
influenced the processes of
innovation and diffusion
16B- Describe elements of
culture, including language,
religion, beliefs and
customs, institutions, and
technologies
TOPICS & CONTENT
Cultural landscape: created by people and their associated culture, can reflect a tie
to farming, fishing, or pastoralism, the preferred architecture of development and
community structure, as well as modes of transportation, recreation, and institutions.
 Cultural pattern: includes beliefs, values, attitudes, norms, and customs
 Texas: Cattle trails led to the diffusion of perceptions of life in the Southwest US and
its landscape of wide open spaces. (Compare to Australia stereotypes).
 United States: Principals of democracy have led to increase or recognition of human
rights in the political systems of many world countries.
ABCs of Culture

16C- Explain ways various
groups of people perceive
the characteristics of their
own and other cultures,
places, and regions
differently
Culture
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
TEKS
A- What art forms are typical of this culture (paintings, drama, music, and dance)?
 B- Which buildings, monuments, structures, and types of homes symbolize this culture?
 C- How do people communicate with each other? How is information spread?
 D- What dress (clothing) is typical of this culture
 E- What is the economy like? Who owns businesses? Are they high tech, low tech, or no tech?
 F- What does the typical family look like? What is the role of the men, women, and children?
 G- Who has the power? How is the average citizen connected to the government?
 H- What is the history of the country? What experiences and events have shaped the culture?
 I- What images or icons (religious or secular) cause an immediate response in most people of the culture?
 J- What are the jobs? How does the average person make a living?
 K- How is knowledge passed on from one generation to the next?
 L- What is the language and key literature of the culture? What words, expressions, etc are popular?
 M- How does the average person move from place to place? Where are people moving to?
 N- What people, places, or symbols spark feelings of national pride or patriotism?
 O- What are the important organizations in this society?
 P- What is the population and how is the population grouped (age, race, religion, language, ethnic group)?
Who is the majority and who is the minority?
 Q- What is the quality of life? Rate the average person's health and happiness (medical care, income, life
expectancy, security, opportunity).
 R- What religions are practiced? What beliefs and values do people hold? What are the traditional
holidays, festivals, and ceremonies?
 S- What determines status (high and low) in the society? What classes, castes, professions, and groups
have high honor or low honor? What sports, games, or leisure activities are important?
 T- What behaviors are taboo? What kinds of transportation do they use?
 U- Do most people live in urban (city) or rural (country) areas? What does the typical community look like?
 V- How do people in this society vacation? What do they do to relax or recreate?
 X- How does the location ("X" marks the spot) or geography affect the culture?
 Y- What foods (yummy) were invented or are typical of this society?
 Z- What stuff (ztuff) is typical of this culture?

People may view own culture or place from own cultural lens (can be ethnocentric),
while that culture may or may not be viewed differently by people of another culture.
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES

Urban v Rural
16D- Compare life in a
variety of urban and rural
areas in the world to
evaluate political,
economic, social, and
environmental changes
In rural areas, such as farmlands, homes and buildings are spread out. In urban areas
like cities, homes and buildings are very close together.
 How is life in a variety of urban and rural areas in the world the same and different?
 What are the political, economic, social, and environmental changes in those urban
and rural areas?
TEKS
Culture

17B- Describe major world
religions, including animism,
Buddhism, Christianity,
Hinduism, Islam, Judaism,
and Sikhism, and their
spatial distribution
Religion
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
17A- Describe and compare
patterns of culture such as
language, religion, land use,
education, and customs
that make specific regions
of the world distinctive
TOPICS & CONTENT
World Maps/Graphs of Different Regions of the World. Similar cultural patterns
create distinctive regions.
• Languages
• Major religions
• Literacy rates
• Natural resources
• Governments
 Resource: www.marchofwar.com for maps of the spread of religion, etc.
 Animism is belief in innumerable spiritual beings concerned with human affairs and
capable of helping or harming human interests. Mostly a tribal religion found in parts
of Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Australia.
 Hinduism is the dominant religion of India. It is over 4000 years old making its origins
unclear. Unlike other religions, Hinduism has no recognized founder and lacks a
singular holy text, instead having multiple sacred texts.
 Buddhism originated in India as a response to the lower castes who resented the
inequality of the Hindu caste system and spread along the Silk Road to East Asia and
today is predominantly in South, East, and Southeast Asia.
 Christianity developed in Southwest Asia along the Mediterranean Sea and spread in
the Roman Empire as it gained popularity with the poor and the peasantry. Major
ideas: Jesus is Messiah who fulfils Jewish law, salvation through faith, love thy
neighbor, trinity. Predominantly in Europe, North America, and South America.
 Islam arose in the 7th century on Arabian Peninsula. Mohammed, founder, believed
God had selected him as messenger to preach faith in Allah, the one true God. Quran,
Holy book of Islam, Contains God’s message as spoken to Mohammed. Five Pillars of
Islam. Faith, prayer, charity, fasting, making pilgrimage to Mecca. Within 100 years,
the Islamic caliphates controlled the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain. Today
predominantly found in North Africa, Middle East, Southwest Asia, and Indonesia.
 Judaism began in Southwest Asia along the Mediterranean Sea. Founder, Abraham,
made covenant with God. Moses was given the 10 Commandments to guide
moral/ethical conduct, which created the basis for civil and religious laws in Judaism.
Today predominantly in Europe, Israel, and North America.
 Sikhism began in Punjab (Northern India) because of interactions between Muslims
and Hindus. They believe in reincarnation and one God known through meditation.
Today predominantly in South Asia.
Compare/Contrast:
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES

Groups
17C- Compare economic,
political, or social
opportunities in different
cultures for women, ethnic
and religious minorities, and
other underrepresented
populations
Religious, cultural, or social beliefs can lead to oppression or opportunity for women,
minorities, or underrepresented populations. These populations may be denied
access to political power, economic opportunity, or social opportunities based on
these beliefs; or, on the contrary, given equal opportunities.
 Compare women’s education level to standard of living and access to education and
work outside the home in Afghanistan (Taliban), the USA (pay equality, fertility rights),
and India regarding education, right to own property, fertility rights, pay equality.
 Do the same for ethnic and religious minorities and underrepresented populations.
18B- Assess causes, effects,
and perceptions of conflicts
between groups of people,
including modern genocides
and terrorism
18C- Identify examples of
cultures that maintain
traditional ways, including
traditional economies

Diversity adds ideas, innovation, technology, and new cultural beliefs and attitudes to
groups.
 Examples may include: immigrant groups in North America (U.S.) by listing
contributions of the diverse groups and then evaluating their contributions
 Focus on (ex. USA, United Kingdom, Belgium, Russia) the multi-cultural groups that
make up the population of a society.
Cultural Interaction

Conflict
18A- Analyze cultural
changes in specific regions
caused by migration, war,
trade, innovations, and
diffusion
Tradition
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
17D- Evaluate the
experiences and
contributions of diverse
groups to multicultural
societies
TOPICS & CONTENT
Cultural Interaction
TEKS
Migrations: (including forced migration) bring new religions, languages, customs,
political philosophy, lifestyles into societies. Have effects on migrants, host country,
and home country.
 War: destroys infrastructure, interrupts economy, and creates refugees who seek
safety and stability in other nations, causes change in cultures, systems, institutions
 Trade: like the Silk Road or Columbian Exchange, trade spreads ideas, diseases,
goods, culture, language, beliefs
 Diffusion: like the Jewish Diaspora, groups spread taking their culture to other parts
of the world
Modern Genocides: include causes, effects, and perceptions of conflicts
 Balkans: ethnic cleansing in Bosnia
 Rwanda: Hutu vs. Tutsi (connect back to imperialism)
 Darfur: eastern region of the Sudan where the Sudanese government-supported Arab
militias, known as the Janjaweed, against native groups in this region; resulted in over
400,000 deaths and the displacement of 2.8 million civilians
 Cambodia: Cambodian Communists, Khmer Rouge, seized control. Their leader, Pol Pot,
carried out a policy of genocide against city-dwellers and opponents. Killed as many as 4
million between 1975 and 1978
 Aboriginal people in Australia
 Inuit of Canada
 Maintaining traditional ways includes maintaining belief systems, languages, customs,
economic activities and livelihoods, and technologies.
 Maintaining traditional economies are those cultures who keep close ties to
traditional forms of economic activities, such as subsistence agriculture.
Lesson: Healthy Girls, Healthy Villages
http://www.peacecorps.gov/wws/educators
/lessonplans/lesson.cfm?lpid=2521&sid=2
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES

Cultural Interaction
18D- Evaluate the spread of
cultural traits to find
examples of cultural
convergence and
divergence such as the
spread of democratic ideas,
U.S.-based fast-food
franchises, the English
language, technology, or
global sports
Cultural divergence is the process of disassociating cultures, or protecting a culture
from other influences.
 Cultural convergence occurs when the ideas, habits, skills, arts, and institutions of one
culture come in contact and interact with those of another culture.
 Examples of cultural convergence include the spread of democratic ideas from Europe
to North America and other countries around the world, globalization through the
spread of the English language as the dominant form of communication, and the
spread of U.S.-based fast-food franchises and technology companies or global sports.
PACING:
UNIT 5: POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
CONCEPTS
Governments
Nations
Borders/Boundaries
Various factors determine where boundaries are established.
The rights and responsibilities of people vary across the world.
There are various types and levels of governments.
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
revolution
government policy
patriotism
democracy
republic
political maps
sovereignty
colonization
nationalism
UNIT VOCABULARY
monarchy
dictatorship
parliamentary
theocracy
totalitarian
divine right
United Nations
alliance
GUIDED QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
What are the positives and negatives of each of the basic ways of governing a
people?
How are political boundaries of countries determined? How can they change?
How are NATO and the EU great examples of a political alliance?
Why does nationalism play a big role in a revolution?
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
Alliance
Democracy
1) How do alliances impact country relations?
2) How are government decisions and international issues shaped by different
points of view?
3) What are the characteristics and functions of various governments?
TEKS
13A- Interpret maps to
explain the division of land,
including man-made and
natural borders, into
separate political units such
as cities, states, or countries
Colonization
Dictatorship
Monarchies
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Republic

Divine Right
Nationalism
Revolution
Theocracy
TOPICS & CONTENT
Boundaries
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
5 Days
Suggestions for maps: City maps showing precincts, country maps showing states,
continental maps showing countries.
 Suggestions for discussion: USA – Texas – Some people perceive Texas to be part of
the South due to the part it played in the Civil War and some of the culture traits
shared with other southern states. Others are likely to see Texas as part of the
Southwest due to other culture traits, similar climates and topography that are found
in other southwestern states.
Sovereignty
Totalitarian
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Boundaries

Boundaries
13B- Compare maps of
voting patterns or political
boundaries to make
inferences about the
distribution of political
power
14A- Analyze current
events to infer the physical
and human processes that
lead to the formation of
boundaries and other
political divisions
Ask: When comparing maps of voting patterns or political boundaries, how is political
power distributed?
 The formation of congressional voting districts is dependent on what political party is
in power.
 Free trade zones- Examine North America Free Trade Agreement between Canada,
the US, and Mexico and discuss the pros and cons of free trade agreements
 Current events can illustrate physical processes (climate change, natural hazards, and
plate tectonics) and human processes (conflict, immigration, colonialism, treaties, or
political instability) and how these processes led to the development of divisions
between countries and territories.
 To determine how current political boundaries were acquired, analyze:
• Geographic influences (natural boundaries, natural resources, etc.)
• Political influences (historical, esp. colonization, as well as present)
• Social influences (religion, customs, etc)
• Forces of Conflict and Cooperation (Kyoto Protocol, Antarctica Treaty)



Government
14B- Compare how
democracy, dictatorship,
monarchy, republic,
theocracy, and totalitarian
systems operate in specific
countries
TOPICS & CONTENT




14C- Analyze the human and
physical factors that influence
the power to control territory
and resources, create
conflict/war, and impact
international political relations
of sovereign nations such as
China, the United States,
Japan, and Russia and
organized nation groups such
as the United Nations (UN)
and the European Union (EU)


Government
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
TEKS



Democracy: (USA) ultimate power is derived from the people
Dictatorship: (North Korea) all power is vested in one individual
Monarchy: (United Kingdom) power is vested in one individual and is typically
acquired through heredity
Republic: (France, Greece) the head of government is not a monarch. Republics
can be democratic (ruled by the people), theocratic (ruled by religious law), or
parliamentary (having a head of government separate from the monarch).
Theocracy: (Iran, Saudi Arabia, Vatican City) rulers viewed as having divine power
Totalitarian: (Cuba, former Iraq) form of dictatorship that seeks to control all
aspects of life within a country.
Human factors: cultural or ethnic conflict, population, political agreements, and
economic agreements.
Physical factors: control of and access to natural resources and water,
transportation routes, and shared resources (e.g., riparian systems).
China: top imports- oil, metal ores, machinery, plastics, and other limited
resources. China continues to depend on other nations for these resources.
China’s top import suppliers include Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United
States.
USA: Imports crude oil from countries such as Canada, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, and
Venezuela. The U.S. and China are the top consumers or oil.
Japan: imports crude oil, foodstuffs, and wood. Countries that supply Japan are
China, Australia, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea.
Russia: has an abundance of natural resources and is the second largest country
with coal reserves. Eighty percent of Russia’s exports consist of oil and natural
gas. Russia imports vehicles, industrial machinery, plastics, medicines, etc. Russia
imports primarily from Germany, China, Japan, Ukraine, and the U.S.
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Thinking Map: illustrate various
government types
Day in the life of a type of government
Graphics of Governments
Illustrated Diagram (pg274)
Jarrett Book: Complete UN, NATO and
EU on page 250

Different points of view create debate, lead to conflict or opposing sides, and
development of resolutions or agreements on public policies.

Cultural beliefs can unite or divide groups of citizens and motivate citizens to
become involved in public policy and decision-making.
Nationalism and patriotism can lead to motivated and informed citizenry, but can
also lead to extremist movements that push particularly cultural beliefs into
citizenship practices, public policy, and decision-making.
Citizenship
Citizenship
15A- Identify and give
examples of different
points of view that
influence the development
of public policies and
decision-making processes
on local, state, national,
and international levels
15B- Explain how
citizenship practices, public
policies, and decision
making may be influenced
by cultural beliefs,
including nationalism and
patriotism

PACING:
UNIT 6: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
5 Days
CONCEPTS
Economic Development, Activities and Globalization
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
Communism
Free Enterprise
renewable resource
Societies around the world meet their economic needs in different ways.
Each economic system has advantages and disadvantages.
Nations often trade with each other.
UNIT VOCABULARY
Socialism
nonrenewable resource
scarcity
commercial agricultur
Barter
cottage industry
infrastructure
subsistence agriculture
globalization
sustainable development
industrialized
commercial activities
1.
2.
3.
4.
List jobs one would find at the four levels of Economic Development.
How does outsourcing come to be?
What items could be made in a cottage industry?
Explain why the standard of living is tied to the level of development of a country.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
What factors influence where economic activities are located?
How is globalization transforming the world?
How is the level of economic development measured?
Which economic activities are most clearly associated with different levels of
development?
TEKS
5B- Interpret political,
economic, social, and
demographic indicators
(gross domestic product per
capita, life expectancy,
literacy, and infant
mortality) to determine the
level of development and
standard of living in nations
using the terms Human
Development Index, less
developed, newly
industrialized, and more
developed
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
Barter
Cottage Industry
Scarcity
Commercial agriculture
Free Enterprise
Socialism
Traditional Economy
TOPICS & CONTENT


Indicators
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
GUIDED QUESTIONS

Standard of living is a function of the level of development in a country, measured by
factors such as the per capita income, literacy rate, life expectancy, infant mortality
rate, death rate, and birth rate.
Students should be able to compare and contrast a country with a high standard of
living and a country with a low standard of living to evaluate how it affects a
country’s political, economic, and social landscape.
Level of Development is interrelated to the infrastructure (roads, electricity,
plumbing, government services, etc) of a country
Communism
Infrastructure
Subsistence agriculture
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Economic Systems
10B- Classify where specific
countries fall along the
economic spectrum
between free enterprise
and communism



Examples of a free enterprise (capitalist) economic system
Examples of a socialist economic system
Examples of a communist economic system
TEKS
Economic Systems




patterns over time and
examine the implications of
globalization, including
outsourcing and free trade
zones


Production
10C- Compare the ways
people satisfy their basic
needs through the
production of goods and
services such as
subsistence agriculture
versus commercial
agriculture or cottage
industries versus
commercial industries
10D- Compare global trade
Trade
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
10A- Describe the forces
that determine the
distribution of goods and
services in free enterprise,
socialist, and communist
economic systems
TOPICS & CONTENT






Free Enterprise- (capitalist, market economy) Decisions about what and how
much to produce, where to locate economic activities, and what prices to charge
for goods and services are determined by laws of supply and demand and "the
market." Profit drives decisions in a market economy. There is private ownership
of property.
Socialist Economy- A socialist economy is based on public ownership or
independent cooperative ownership of the means of production, wherein
production is carried out to directly produce use value, usually, but not always,
coordinated through economic planning and a system of accounting based on
calculation-in-kind or labor-time.
Communist economy- Decisions about what and how much to produce, where to
locate economic activities, and what prices to charge for goods and services are
made by a single, central government agency or authority. No private ownership.
Communism and Socialism are two examples of a command economy. In a
command economy, the price of goods including agricultural products is
controlled by the government, not market forces
Subsistence agriculture- self-sufficiency farming in which farmers focus on
growing enough food to feed their families
Commercial agriculture- large scale production of crops for sale, crops intended
for widespread distribution to wholesalers or retail outlets
Cottage industries- business or manufacturing activity carried on in a person's
home
Commercial industries- industry that deals with the commercial production and
sale of goods and services
Identify global trade patterns, understand how they have changed over time
Understand the growth and implications of globalization
Implications of outsourcing
Understand the implications of free trade zones
Venn diagrams of the three major
economic systems. Include 3 country
examples of each system.
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Ad Campaign: Design a poster or a
commercial for each of the four
production methods.

Levels of Development
11A- Understand the
connections between
levels of development and
economic activities
(primary, secondary,
tertiary, and quaternary




Location




Subsistence- climate, soil, and topography
Commercial agriculture- transportation, technology, resources
Manufacturing- labor, labor supply, close to market, near resources
Service industries- cost of setting of industry, opportunity to expand, government
regulations, market and choosing area where cost is minimized

As climates, resources, and infrastructure (technology, transportation, and
communication) change, the location and patterns of economic activities change.
Climate changes/location:
• Location (warmer climates, excessive rain)
• Patterns of economic activities (crop yields decrease)
Resources (changes):
• Location and patterns of economic activities (As petroleum resources
decrease, societies seek other resources to replace petroleum.)
Infrastructure (changes):
• Location (airports, rail, water management, communication/technology)
• Patterns of economic activities (e-commerce, faster transfer of goods)
Location/patterns (e.g., regulations, environmental, demand)
Movement of products (e.g., proximity of demand, cost effective)
Money (cost effective)
People (e.g., labor, jobs, quality of life)

Location
11B- identify the factors
affecting the location of
different types of economic
activities, including
subsistence and
commercial agriculture,
manufacturing, and service
industries
11C- Assess how changes
in climate, resources, and
infrastructure (technology,
transportation, and
communication) affect the
location and patterns of
economic activities
TOPICS & CONTENT


12A- Analyze how the
creation, distribution, and
management of key natural
resources affects the
location and patterns of
movement of products,
money, and people
Management
THEMATIC GEOGRAPHY
TEKS
Developing countries rely more on primary and secondary economic activities,
while developed countries rely more on tertiary and quaternary activities. More
developed countries are able to offer more service-oriented jobs, while importing
raw materials and manufactured goods from developing countries.
Primary activities include those jobs focused on raw extraction of natural
resources (e.g., mining, agriculture, fishing)
Secondary activities are jobs focused on manufacturing goods (e.g.,
manufacturing, construction)
Tertiary activities include those in the service sector (e.g., transportation,
sanitary services, commerce and trade)
Quaternary activities include data processing jobs (e.g., finance, computer
industry).




ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES

Management
12B- Evaluate the
geographic and economic
impact of policies related
to the development, use,
and scarcity of natural
resources such as
regulations of water



Geographic impacts of policies related to the development, use, and scarcity of
natural resources include loss or preservation of habitats, human development
and growth of urban centers, and sustainable use of resources.
Policies related to use, scarcity, and development (water): desalination, water
recycling, conservation
Economic impacts of policies related to the development, use, and scarcity of
natural resources include growth or loss in income, creation or loss in jobs, and
sustainability of resources for economic use in the future.
Management of water resources, particularly in areas of scarcity, can have social,
political, economic, and environmental impacts
PACING:
UNIT 7: UNITED STATES & CANADA
CONCEPTS
ASSURANCE
VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
Nation of Migrants
UNITED STATES & CANADA
18 Days
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
To what degree has N American migration impacted two of the following over time?
Ethnic and cultural distribution; Urbanization and settlement patterns;
Political power; Economic development
ethnic
patriotism
nationalism
migrants
UNIT VOCABULARY
megalopolis per capita nationalism
patriotism metropolitan urbanization
refugees emigrate immigrate nomad
less developed newly industrialized
more developed capitalism GDP
regions – formal, functional, perceptal
maquiladoras
NATO NAFTA
GUIDED QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How did the Rust Belt get its name?
Why is there a large migration from the northern United States to the Sun Belt?
What benefits did Europe get from the Columbian Exchange?
What caused the growth of the western United States?
What types of energy sources are best found in the various regions of the United States?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Free market economies
What are historical migration patterns to and within North America?
What settlement patterns exist within major North American cities?
How did different regions of N America develop distinct cultural characteristics?
How does geography influence location and connection of economic activities
and transportation throughout North America?
How do voting patterns affect political power and the development of public
policies within North American political systems?
TEKS
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
TOPICS & CONTENT
Impact of migrations
ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES


History
1A- Analyze the effects of
physical and human
geographic patterns and
processes on the past and
describe their impact on the
present, including
significant physical features
and environmental
conditions that influenced
migration patterns and
shaped the distribution of
culture groups today

Physical/political features
 Regions of the U.S. (New England, Southeast –including Sun Belt, Southwestincluding Sun Belt, Plains states, Midwest – including Rust Belt, West)
 Major economic activities within above regions
 Migration patterns to as well as within the US.
Historically 3 waves of immigration:
 EUROPE (17th – 18th c.)
▪ From northwestern Europe – UK, Ireland, Scandinavian, Germany
▪ From southern and eastern Europe – Italy, Eastern Europe (Poland, Czech.)
▪ Push/Pull factors: Economic opportunities, political freedom
 ASIA (19th – 20th c.)
▪ 19th c.- Chinese, Japanese (Push/pull factors: Economic opportunity)
▪ Late 20th c.- Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos (Push/pull factors: Political
asylum, escaping wars.
 LATIN AMERICA (late 20th c., early 21st c.)
▪ From Mexico, Central America (Push/pull factors: escaping war, seeking
economic opportunities, political asylum i.e. Cubans in 1960s – 70s)
Today: The majority of immigrants from Latin America, Asia, & Africa
Geography Alive!
Migration to the United States: The
Impact on People and Places
Geography Alive!
pages 42-49
TEKS
TOPICS & CONTENT




History
1B- Trace the spatial
diffusion of phenomena
such as the Columbian
Exchange or the diffusion
of American popular
culture and describe the
effects on regions of
contact



History
2A- Describe the human
and physical characteristics
of the same regions at
different periods of time to
evaluate relationships
between past events and
current conditions




2B- Explain how changes in
societies have led to
diverse uses of physical
features



History
UNITED STATES & CANADA
History
CON’T


Culture groups today:
▪ California – Asians
▪ Southeast – Africa (then Great Migration)
▪ East – Irish (moved towards Midwest)
▪ Southwest – Hispanic (spreading north)
▪ Native Americans were moved onto reservations
Environmental Conditions: Why did people settle where they did?
▪ Settling in familiar climate regions (similar to country of origin)
▪ Settled close to other recent immigrants with similar backgrounds
▪ Settled at or near port of entry (ex. Ellis Island, Miami for Cubans, Angel Island
San Francisco, etc.)
Columbian Exchange: the global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the
colonization of the Americas. New crops led to better diets, increased demands for
foods, leads to more exploring, colonization, and trade. Millions of Native
Americans died from diseases like smallpox
Impact on the Americas: new livestock, including horses (changes in
transportation), cattle, sheep, and pigs resulting in a change in diet; food from
Africa including bananas, okra, and yams; grains such as rice, barley, wheat, and
oats; diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza led to the deaths of
millions of Native Americans; slaves from Africa transformed labor systems
Impact on Europe: new foods and plants, including maize (corn), tomatoes, cacao
(chocolate), tobacco, quinine, and potatoes resulting in a population increase; the
Americas became a valuable source of cotton and sugar, resulting in plantation
systems where forced labor was a necessity.
Impact of Migrations on Regions: language, religion, customs/traditions, culture
Describe the development of empires and its impact on human characteristics
over time
Events like war, revolution, exploration and the impact on societies over time
Domestication of plants and animals and the use of different geographic features
(e.g., plains for agriculture)
The expansion or decline of environment regions (e.g., the expansion of the Sahara
and the decline of tropical rainforests)
Major geological events on civilizations
Change from a nomadic to an agrarian to an industrialized society
Change in economic activities
Demands and uses of natural resources as cultures transition from rural to urban
societies
Population growth and demands on water and other food resources
Expansion of travel for different reasons in society
ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES
19A- Evaluate the
significance of major
technological innovations
in the areas of
transportation and energy
that have been used to
modify the physical
environment
Economics




Cultural landscape: created by people and their associated culture, can reflect a
tie to farming, fishing, or pastoralism, the preferred architecture of development
and community structure, as well as modes of transportation, recreation, and
institutions.
 Cultural pattern: includes beliefs, values, attitudes, norms, and customs
 Texas: Cattle trails led to the diffusion of perceptions of life in the Southwest US
and its landscape of wide open spaces. (Compare to Australia stereotypes).
 United States: Principals of democracy have led to increase or recognition of
human rights in the political systems of many world countries.
 September 11, 2001 World Trade Center - NYC
Geography Alive!
Settlement Patterns and Way of Life in
Canada
Culture
Culture
ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES
Identify global trade patterns, understand how they have changed over time
Understand the growth and implications of globalization
Implications of outsourcing
Understand the implications of free trade zones


Culture
10D- Compare global trade
patterns over time and
examine the implications of
globalization, including
outsourcing and free trade
zones
16A- Describe distinctive
cultural patterns and
landscapes associated with
different places in Texas,
the United States, and
other regions of the world
and how these patterns
influenced the processes of
innovation and diffusion
18B- Assess causes, effects,
and perceptions of conflicts
between groups of people,
including modern
genocides and terrorism
18D- Evaluate the spread
of cultural traits to find
examples of cultural
convergence and
divergence such as the
spread of democratic ideas,
U.S.-based fast-food
franchises, the English
language, technology, or
global sports
TOPICS & CONTENT

Science/Tech
UNITED STATES & CANADA
TEKS

English is lingua-franca of the world
• Changed other world cultures by making them more aware of primarily
English-speaking countries than the primarily English-speaking countries are
of non-primarily English speaking countries
• The official language of over 30 countries in the world is English and many
more teach it in their schools. Along with the fact that the United States is
the leader in the science and business world, the use of the internet, and
the world has become more global, it is easier to have a common language
to better communicate among the scientist and business leaders of the
world Spread of democratic ideas US based fast-food franchises all over the
world
Evaluate how innovations in transportation and energy have had negative and
positive effects on the physical environment.
Energy sources: coal, oil, solar, wind, wave and hydroelectric power
Geography Alive!
Urban Sprawl in North America: Where
Will It End?
23B- Use case studies and GIS
to identify contemporary
challenges and to answer realworld questions
4A- Explain how elevation,
latitude, wind systems,
ocean currents, position on
a continent, and mountain
barriers influence
temperature, precipitation,
and distribution of climate
regions
Science/Tech

ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES
Compare statistics for most air conditioned cities. Examine infrastructure, ports,
metropolitan business centers, etc associate with each location.
Science/Technology
Science/Tech

Advances in agricultural technology has allowed for greater and more efficient
production of crops, but use of some technology has led to loss of habitats and
debates over genetically-modified foods and the safety of the world food supply.
 An advance in technology that deals with the extraction and use of natural
resources has led to the destruction and preservation of environments and
cheaper and more accessible resources.
 Economic and social impacts of medical advancements include better access to
appropriate medical treatments, education about spread of diseases, and changes
in cultural behaviors to improve health and sanitation.
 Economic, social, and environmental impacts of changing trade patterns include
changes in flows of products and resource extraction and distribution, changing
locations of markets, and new developments.


Science/ Technology/ Skills
19B- Analyze ways
technological innovations
such as air conditioning and
desalinization have allowed
humans to adapt to places
19C- Examine the
environmental, economic,
and social impacts of
advances in technology on
agriculture and natural
resources
20B- Examine the
economic, environmental,
and social effects of
technology such as medical
advancements or changing
trade patterns on societies
at different levels of
development
20A- Describe the impact
of new information
technologies such as the
Internet, Global Positioning
System (GPS), or
Geographic Information
Systems (GIS).
TOPICS & CONTENT
GPS: a network of satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense.
GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal
information to earth. GPS receivers take this information and use triangulation to
calculate the user's exact location.
 GIS: a tool that allows geographers and analysts to visualize data in several
different ways in order to see patterns and relationships in a given area or subject.
These patterns generally appear on maps but they can also be found on globes or
in reports and charts.
 Impact: allowed information to be easily accessible worldwide, including computer
mapping and navigation


Geography
UNITED STATES & CANADA
TEKS



Factors that influence climate regions :prevailing winds, latitudinal location, ocean
currents , elevation
Global, or prevailing, wind belts that affect ocean currents: trade winds, doldrums,
westerlies, polar winds, and mountain barriers
Main climate patterns of the world, according to their general geographic
distribution, major weather patterns, and native vegetation: humid tropical
(tropical rain forest), tropical savanna, desert, steppe, marine west coast,
Mediterranean, humid subtropical, humid continental, subarctic, tundra, ice cap,
and highland
Climates in the low, middle, and high latitude zones
The impact of the position on a continent (coastal vs. continental) on specific types
of climates.
Geography Alive!
Consumption Patterns in the United
States: The Impact of Living Well
PACING:
UNIT 8: LATIN AMERICA
15 Days
CONCEPTS
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
Extremes
UNIT VOCABULARY
Mestizo
slash and burn
ecotourism
Amazon
Columbian Exchange
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
creoles
terrace farming
biodiversity
Favellas
spatial inequality
social hierarchy
landlocked
Biome
deforestation
Cash crop
rain shadow
The physical geography of Latin America has shaped the politics, economics, social
characteristics, and settlement patterns of the people of Latin America.
Cartels
Ring of Fire
What were the cultural struggles fought by the Mestizo population?
How does a Maquiladora operate within the free-trade zone?
Why is the Atacama Desert a great example of a rain shadow effect?
Explain why favellas and shanty towns get established around high urban areas – notably
Mexico City and Rio de Janeiro?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. What were the most significant effects of the Colombian Exchange?
2. What are Latin America’s most influential physical features?
3. How and why do the standard of living and levels of agriculture vary?
4. How are people, places and environments connected and interdependent?
4B- Describe different
landforms and the physical
processes that cause their
development
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
Columbian Exchange
Effects of colonization
Political oppression
TOPICS & CONTENT
History
TEKS
1B- Trace the spatial diffusion of
phenomena such as the Colombian
Exchange or the diffusion of American
pop culture and describe the effects on
regions of contact
Geography
LATIN AMERICA
GUIDED QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES



Colonization (indigenous, mestizo, hierarchical government)
Spatial diffusion
domestication and staple crop
Geography Alive!
pages 132-139

The Andes: formed when continental plates collided, pushed up against each other
and buckled. The fold resulted in a mountain range.
Galapagos Islands: illustrate how volcanoes are created (as plates push together, one
plate is forced under the other in a process called subduction (transform). As the
bottom plate starts to melt, magma rises and forms volcanoes)
Atacama Desert created by the Andes mountains working as a barrier against the
moisture of the Pacific Ocean (cold Humbolt Current) creating a rainshadow effect.
Amazon River: largest by volume river in the world due to location (rainforest).
Geography Alive!
Dealing with Extreme Weather:
Hurricanes in the Caribbean





Geography
4C- Explain the influence of
climate on the distribution
of biomes in different
regions
Locate: Andes, Amazon Basin, Llanos, Pampas, Brazilian Highlands, Atacama
Teach how climate zones relate to vegetation and give specific examples. Students
must explain the relationship between climate and vegetation of an area and how
that influences human-environment interaction.
Andes - formation of mountains affects vegetation and animals
Tropical rainforest - climate influences vegetation which influences the logging
industry.
Llanos and Cerrado (Venezuela and Brazil) grasslands impact agricultural industry
because of the expansive flat and treeless land
Atacama - lack of precipitation caused by rain shadow affects vegetation, animals, and
human activity.




TEKS
Geography




Geography
8C- Evaluate the economic
and political relationships
between settlements and
the environment, including
sustainable development
and renewable and nonrenewable resources



10A- Describe the forces
that determine the
distribution of goods and
services in free enterprise,
socialist, and communist
economic systems

Economics
LATIN AMERICA
7C- Describe trends in
world population growth
and distribution
TOPICS & CONTENT


Be able to identify the location of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Mexico City, Mexico on
a map
Rural to urban migration: there has been a shift in population during the latter
half of the 20th century from rural to urban areas. People move in search of
economic opportunity, health care, and education. Students should understand
the consequences of this migration such as overcrowding, income gaps, and
pollution.
Urban sprawl, Slums/shantytowns, Social mobility, Favellas/barrios
Evaluate land use conflict, re/deforestation, sustainable development, ecotourism, slash and burn
Identify how humans have adapted to, depended on, and interacted with the
environment
Analyze the different points of view to deforestation and the use of slash and burn
in the Amazon Basin. POV: loggers, Native Amazonians, environmentalists, rubber
tappers, cattle ranchers, settlers
Slash and burn and the idea of controlled burning - it regenerates seeds, reduces
fuels, improves wildlife habitat, controls competing vegetation, improves forage
for grazing, improves accessibility, helps control tree disease, and perpetuates fire
dependent species.
Free Enterprise- Decisions about production, where to locate economic activities,
and prices determined by laws of supply and demand and "the market."
Socialist Economy- based on public ownership or independent cooperative
ownership of the means of production, wherein production is carried out to
directly produce use value, usually, but not always, coordinated through economic
planning and a system of accounting based on calculation-in-kind or labor-time.
Communist economy- Decisions about production, where to locate economic
activities, and prices made by a single, central government agency or authority.
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Geography Alive!
Spatial Inequality in Mexico City: From
Cardboard to Castles
Geography Alive!
Land Use Conflict in the Amazon
Rainforest
Eco


Economics
10B- Classify where specific
countries fall along the
economic spectrum
between free enterprise
and communism
10C- Compare the ways
people satisfy their basic
needs through the
production of goods and
services such as subsistence
agriculture versus
commercial agriculture or
cottage industries versus
commercial industries
Types of Economies: traditional, free enterprise, socialist, communism
Explain the different types of economic systems in Latin America specifically:
• Traditional economy in Amazon Rain forest and Andes
• Communism in Cuba
• How Latin America is trying to gain stable market economies
• Economic Development
• cash crops
• drug trade
• commercial agriculture
• subsistence agriculture
• commercial industry
• cottage industry
• indigenous
Geography Alive!
Indigenous Cultures: The Survival of the
May of Mesoamerica
PACING:
UNIT 9: WESTERN EUROPE
18 Days
CONCEPTS
History, including migration, war, trade, innovations and diffusion, has shaped the
political, economic and social landscape of western Europe.
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
UNIT VOCABULARY
Fascism
mass transportation
Parliament
Absolute Monarchy
democracy
Totalitarianism
The geography and history of Western Europe shaped the way of life through the
following categories:
Political
Economic
Social
Innovation
colonization
Globalization
imperialism
sovereign
westernization
genocide
Constitutional monarchy
pandemic
NATO
European Union socialism
monarchy
GUIDED QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why did the Industrial Revolution start with Great Britain?
How does history tie with the development of today’s European countries?
What purpose did the Crusades play in the advancement of Europe?
What elements help pandemics, like the Black Death, spread so easily?
Explain the differences between a Monarchy and a Constitutional Monarchy.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. How do push and pull factors and physical geography influence migration?
2. How have western Europeans adapted to and affected their environment through
technology and innovation?
3. How have European cultures maintained their continuity despite waves of migration and
warfare?
4. How has the diffusion of W European culture influenced regions of the world?
5. How do physical geography and human processes lead to the formation of boundaries and
political systems?
TEKS
7B- Explain how political,
economic, social, and
environmental push and pull
factors and physical
geography affect the routes
and flows of human
migration
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
Absolute Monarchy
Fascism
Republic
Constitutional monarchy
Industrial Revolution
Totalitarianism
TOPICS & CONTENT

Geography
WESTERN EUROPE
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY
TO WORLD GEOGRAPHY

Explain political push and pull factors, economic push and pull factors, social push
and pull factors, environmental push and pull factors
Understanding the effect of physical geography on human migration
European Imperialism
Parliament
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Geography Alive!
pages 204211

Geography
8A- Compare ways that
humans depend on, adapt
to, and modify the physical
environment, including the
influences of culture and
technology



Water Pollution by Industries – International Commission for the Protection of the
Rhine recommends program to protect river, European Union has passed laws that
members must follow, and European Environmental Agency which provides reliable
information for citizens and industry
Rivers: Environmental standards for Danube, Rhine Rivers (flow through multiple
countries); cities that developed on rivers
Pyrenees Mountains: merging of France, Spain, Andorra region as a former smuggling
hub, Andorra now exists as an international duty-free trade zone
Progressive stance of Europe on Green Energy – wind power, solar power, bio-fuels
(decreased cost of bio-diesel in Germany)
18C- Evaluate the spread of
cultural traits to find examples
of cultural convergence and
divergence such as the spread
of democratic ideas, U.S. –
based fast-food franchises, the
English language, technology,
or global sports
19A- Evaluate the
significance of major
technological innovations
in the areas of
transportation and energy
that have been used to
modify the physical
environment
19C- Examine the
environmental, economic,
and social impacts of
advances in technology on
agriculture and natural
resources
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Culture
Government
Government

Current events can illustrate physical and human processes and how these
processes led to the development of divisions between countries and territories.
 Human Processes – Cultural distribution of citizens, cultural traditions, conflict,
immigration, colonialism, treaties, or political instability
 Physical Processes – River, mountain and other natural boundaries, climate
change, natural hazards, and plate tectonics
Political Systems:
 Constitutional monarchy- United Kingdom, Denmark
 Republic- France
 Totalitarianism- WWII Italy
 Fascism- WWII Germany






Culture
14A- Analyze current
events to infer the physical
and human processes that
lead to the formation of
boundaries and other
political divisions
14B- Compare how
democracy, dictatorship,
monarchy, republic,
theocracy, and totalitarian
systems operate in specific
countries
18A- Analyze cultural
changes in specific regions
caused by migration, war,
trade, innovation, and
diffusion
TOPICS & CONTENT


Science/ Technology
WESTERN EUROPE
TEKS
Venn Diagrams
Migration – influx of new people brings new cultural beliefs, ideas, and practices
War – causes change in dominating cultures, political systems, and institutions
Trade – spreads goods, ideas, and cultural beliefs from one culture to another
Innovation – advances in technology and ideas can change cultural practices
Diffusion – mechanism in which cultural beliefs, ideas, and people spread from
one culture to another.
Maintaining traditional ways includes maintaining belief systems, languages,
customs, economic activities and livelihoods, and technologies.
Maintaining traditional economies are those cultures who keep close ties to
traditional forms of economic activities, such as subsistence agriculture
Innovations in transportation and energy have had negative and positive effects
on the physical environment.
 Energy sources such as coal, oil, solar, wind, wave and hydroelectric power
 EUROPE during the Industrial Revolution
• Steam power – Steam power is a source of energy for the steam engine that was used
in machinery to pump water out of mines and different types of transportation like the
trains and boats
• Diesel machinery – Netherlands and land reclamation; personal transportation;
transportation networks. Diesel machinery fall in the category of trucks, heavy
machinery, and marine engines for submarines and large transport machinery has led
to increase production in agriculture and industrial building.
• Electricity – source of electricity. Europe using more
 Nuclear, wind, and solar.
Geography Alive!
Invisible Borders: Transboundary
Pollution in Europe
PACING:
UNIT 10: EASTERN EUROPE, RUSSIA, & TRANSITION TO EU
CONCEPTS
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
Political and Economic Diversity
Ethnic Group
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
Market Economy
Communism
Geography and the area’s history is responsible in shaping the lives of a people in the
political, economic, and social arenas.
Isolation
censorship
Iron Curtain
Nation-State
command economy
satellite nations
Warsaw Pact
Traditional Economy
GUIDED QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How does a Cold War differ from a war in the traditional sense?
What are the differences between a free market system vs. a command system?
Describe how censorship plays and important roll in communism.
Explain the geographic difficulties that Siberia faces.
Evaluate how the Tran-Siberian Railroad ties Eastern Europe and Asia together.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. How and why has the political map of Eastern Europe and Russia changed from the end of
WWII to today?
2. How has the rise/fall of communism affected the physical/political environment of Russia,
Eastern Europe, and their relationships with other countries?
3. How has the aftermath of communism impacted the economic and political transition of
Eastern Europe and Russia to the EU?
4. How does location/management of resources affect movement of product/people?
5. How do physical geography and human processes lead to formation of boundaries and
political systems?
TEKS
2A- Describe the human
and physical characteristics
of the same regions at
different periods of time to
evaluate relationships
between past events and
current conditions.
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
Cold War
Characteristics of communism,
including the influences of Karl Marx
TOPICS & CONTENT
History
EASTERN EUROPE, RUSSIA, & TRANSITION TO EU
8 Days
UNIT VOCABULARY










Cold War
Geopolitics
Warsaw vs. NATO
Cold War/Iron Curtain
Changing of the map - early 20th century.
The development of empires and its impact on human characteristics over time
Events like war, revolution, exploration and the impact on societies over time
Domestication of plants and animals and the use of different geographic features
The expansion or decline of environment regions
Major geological events on civilizations
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Geography Alive!
New Nation-States from the Old Soviet
Empire: Will they Succeed?
Geography



TEKS
10B- Classify where specific
countries fall along the
economic spectrum
between free enterprise
and communism
12A- Analyze how the
creation, distribution, and
management of key natural
resources affects the
location and patterns of
movement of products,
money, and people

Economics
10A- Describe the forces
that determine the
distribution of goods and
services in free enterprise,
socialist, and communist
economic systems
Common Market, Trade Bloc, Immigration issues
After WWII:
• Political - democracy v. communism
• Economic - free market v. command
• Social - individual rights v. censorship
• Cultural - Westernization v. isolation
Today (EU)
• Former Eastern Bloc nations joining the EU and the changing levels of
development in those countries.
TOPICS & CONTENT




Economics
EASTERN EUROPE, RUSSIA, & TRANSITION TO
EU
5A- Analyze how the
character of a place is
related to its political,
economic, social, and
cultural elements



Free Enterprise- (capitalist, market economy) Decisions about what and how much
to produce, where to locate economic activities, and what prices to charge for
goods and services are determined by laws of supply and demand and "the
market." Profit drives decisions in a market economy. There is private ownership of
property.
Socialist Economy- A socialist economy is based on public ownership or
independent cooperative ownership of the means of production, wherein
production is carried out to directly produce use value, usually, but not always,
coordinated through economic planning and a system of accounting based on
calculation-in-kind or labor-time.
Communist economy- Decisions about what and how much to produce, where to
locate economic activities, and what prices to charge for goods and services are
made by a single, central government agency or authority. No private ownership.
Danube River as major trade route to Black Sea.
Population patterns of Russia in terms of the Ural Mountains and location of
natural resources. In studying population distribution, students will be able to
explain why the majority of Russia’s population is concentrated in the western part
of the country, except for some concentration of people around isolated resources.
Siberia—Especially under Soviet control, Russia’s government has encouraged
migration of workers to go to where the resources are (compare to similar
situations in Brazil, China, and moving people off Java)
Now in Russia, former government-owned mines, mining operations, collective
farms being sold to international companies.
Trans-Siberian Railroad: longest RR in the world. Connects Moscow to Sea of Japan.
Has great economic and historical importance.
Geography Alive!
Supranational Cooperation in the
European Union
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES

Government
14A- Analyze current
events to infer the physical
and human processes that
lead to the formation of
boundaries and other
political divisions


14B- Compare how
democracy, dictatorship,
monarchy, republic, theocracy,
and totalitarian systems
operate in specific countries
Government





Political Boundaries of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union following the fall of
Communism
Ethnic conflict in Balkans (former Yugoslavia), conflict over control of territory,
leading to creation of new nation-states
Human Processes – Cultural distribution of citizens, cultural traditions of Western
and Eastern Europe
Physical Processes – River, mountain and other natural boundaries: Caucasus and
Ural Mountains serve as natural barrier between Russia and Central Asia, East Asia
Democracy: Hungary, Latvia, Macedonia, Slovakia
Dictatorship: Belarus
Monarchy: Abolished
Republic: Ukraine, Albania, Lithuania, Poland, Estonia, Slovenia, Moldova,
Romania, Montenegro
PACING:
CONCEPTS
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
Cultural Crossroads
Christianity
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
Physical features of the Middle East played a critical role in their social, economic,
and political development.
South West Asia is a cultural hearth.
14 Days
UNIT VOCABULARY
Anti-Semitism desalinization
Monotheism OPEC
desertification secular
cultural hearth oasis Zionism
oasis
scarcity
choke point
GUIDED QUESTIONS
How does OPEC play an important role in the price we pay for gas?
Why is the technology of desalinization so important for this area of the world?
What are primary differences between the two major factions of Islam (Sunni & Shiite)?
In what aspects does a theocratic government affect its citizens?
How has the availability of natural resources played a pivotal roll in the historical development
of these countries?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
How are people, places and environment connected and interdependent?
How do different cultural beliefs influence public policy and decision making processes?
How does this region have a major influence on global affairs?
How have the people of Southwest Asia adapted to the extreme effect of their physical
environment?
5. How do opportunities for women compare to other regions around the world?
TEKS
2A- Describe the human
and physical characteristics
of the same regions at
different periods of time to
evaluate relationships
between past events and
current conditions
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
Historical origins of Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam,
Judaism, Sikhism, and the development of monotheism
The spread of Christianity
How Islam influences law and government in the Muslim world
TOPICS & CONTENT

History
SOUTHWEST ASIA/MIDDLE EAST/NORTHERN AFRICA
UNIT 11: SOUTHWEST ASIA/MIDDLE EAST/NORTHERN AFRICA
The development of empires and its impact on human characteristics over time
• Events like war, revolution, exploration and the impact on societies over time
• Domestication of plants and animals and the use of different geographic features
(e.g., plains for agriculture)
• The expansion or decline of environment regions (e.g., the expansion of the
Sahara)
• Major geological events on civilizations
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Geography Alive!
The Nile River: A Journey from Source to
Mouth
Geography Alive!
pages 278-285



History
2B- Explain how changes in
societies have led to diverse
uses of physical features


Change from a nomadic to an agrarian to an industrialized society
Change in economic activities
Demands and uses of natural resources as cultures transition from rural to urban
societies
Population growth and demands on water and other food resources
Expansion of travel for different reasons in society
Geography Alive!
Life in the Sarah and the Sahel: Adapting
to a Desert Region
7B- Explain how political,
economic, social, and
environmental push and
pull factors and physical
geography affect the routes
and flows of human
migration
8B- Describe the interaction
between humans and the
physical environment and
analyze the consequences of
extreme weather and other
natural disasters such as El
Niño, floods, tsunamis, and
volcanoes
8C- Evaluate the economic
and political relationships
between settlements and
the environment, including
sustainable development
and renewable/nonrenewable resources
Geography
Geography
Atlas Mountains: block and lift moisture-laden winds from the Atlantic, creating
conditions that lead to rainfall of more than 50 inches a year in some places in this
region. There is also a sufficient amount of snowfall in this mountain range due to
the amount of precipitation along with the cooler air in the higher elevations
 Main climate patterns, according to geographic distribution, major weather
patterns, and native vegetation: tropical savanna, desert, steppe, marine west
coast, Mediterranean, humid subtropical, humid continental, and highland
 The impact of the position on a continent (coastal vs. continental) on climate
 Arabian Desert, Sahara Desert,
 Dead Sea, Persian Gulf, Caspian Sea, Red Sea
 Taurus Mountains, Zagros Mountains, Atlas Mountains, Hindu Kush Mountains
 Arabian Peninsula





Desertification
Explain how changes in societies have led to different uses of physical features.
Drip Irrigation in Israel
Suez Canal in Egypt






Major oil fields
Coal
Iron
Solar use
Hydro power
Trace the Bedouin culture (pastoral nomadism) on the Arabian Peninsula and how
it has changed today to relying on oil. Dubai is much different today because of oil.
Geography


Typical climate in North Africa and Southwest Asia is dry and hot in the vast
stretches of relatively low, flat land. There is typically a bit of moisture where the
mountain ranges are that capture the moisture and rainfall. Temperatures range
from over 130 degrees Fahrenheit in the shade on a sunny day, and can drop
quickly to below freezing in the night time. In the uplands of this region there is
typically enough rainfall to nature grass, some trees, and limited agriculture.
POLITICAL: Balfour Declaration, Partition of SW Asia, after WWI, UN Resolution
242, Oslo Accords, Camp David Accords, Munich Olympics, Roadmap for Peace.
ECONOMIC: Difference in standard of living between the occupied territories and
Israel.
SOCIAL: PLO, Hamas, Zionism
CULTURAL: Jerusalem as Holy City, Islam and Judaism

Geography
4C- Explain the influence of
climate on the distribution
of biomes in different
regions
ACTIVITIES

Geography
4A- Explain how elevation,
latitude, wind systems,
ocean currents, position on
a continent, and mountain
barriers influence
temperature, precipitation,
and distribution of climate
regions
4B- Describe different
landforms and the physical
processes that cause their
development
TOPICS & CONTENT
Geography
SOUTHWEST ASIA/MIDDLE EAST/NORTHERN AFRICA
TEKS

Geography Alive!
pages 348-355
Geography Alive!
Oil in Southwest Asia: How “Black Gold”
Has Shaped a Region
16B- Describe elements of
culture, including language,
religion, beliefs and
customs, institutions, and
technologies
Economics
Government
14B- Compare how
democracy, dictatorship,
monarchy, republic,
theocracy, and totalitarian
systems operate in specific
countries
 Introduce OPEC and discuss how trade patterns have changed over time.
 Discuss how American food chains have globalized in the Middle East.

Geopolitics of war




Democracy: Iraq, Israel
Dictatorship: Syria
Monarchy: Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Jordan, Oman, Morocco
Republic: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Lebanon, Turkey, Yemen, Egypt, Algeria,
Tunisia
Theocracy: Iran
Emirate: United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar





Culture
10D- Compare global trade
patterns over time and
examine the implications of
globalization, including
outsourcing and free trade
zones
TOPICS & CONTENT


16C- Explain ways various
groups of people perceive
the characteristics of their
own and other cultures,
places, and regions
differently

Culture
SOUTHWEST ASIA/MIDDLE EAST/NORTHERN AFRICA
TEKS
Language: Arabic primarily
Religion: Islam is the majority along with Christianity and Judaism
Land Use: A few people own the majority of land and the Persian Gulf countries
employ most people in the petroleum industry. Because most of the land is desert,
they have to adjust.
Systems of Education: primarily wealthy families have access. In rural areas, there
are no real systems for schools.
Customs: Based on the customs and traditions of their religion, primarily Islam.
Bedouin traditions.
People may view their own culture or place from their own cultural lens which can
lead to ethnocentric feelings, while that same culture may or may not be viewed
differently by people of another culture.
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
PACING:
UNIT 12: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
9 Days
CONCEPTS
Diversity, Challenges and a Legacy of Colonialism
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
drought migration urbanization arid
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
The challenges faced by African nations are caused by internal and external forces
within the economic, political, ethnic, and human development characteristics of the
continent.
biomes refugees vegetation diffusion
sustainable development colonization
standard of living
tropical
UNIT VOCABULARY
Apartheid
commodity
desertification
famine
slum
shanty town
GUIDED QUESTIONS
3.
4.
5.
How has the physical layout of the continent affected the diversity of the people?
Concerning cultural and political, how did the Berlin Conference play into the
development of the African countries?
How is man affecting the size of the Sahara desert?
In what ways are the Apartheid laws similar to the Jim Crow laws?
What is the basis for the Rwandan genocide?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. How does the history of colonization continue to affect the economic, political and social
aspects of African countries today?
2. What physical processes and relationships support different African biomes?
3. How are people, places and the environment in Africa connected and interdependent?
4. How have challenges such as civil unrest, genocide, warfare and pandemic disease affected
population patterns, demographics and standards of living of African countries?
TEKS

Geography
4A-Explain how elevation,
latitude, wind systems,
ocean currents, position on
a continent, and mountain
barriers influence
temperature, precipitation,
and distribution of climate
regions
4C-Explain the influence of
climate on the distribution
of biomes in different
regions
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
Bantu Migrations
Genocides: Rwanda- Burundi & Darfur
Apartheid
Berlin Conference
TOPICS & CONTENT


Geography
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
1.
2.
Africa Climate Regions:
• Tropical – tropical wet/dry; tropical wet
• Arid – desert; semi-arid
• Subtropical – Mediterranean, Marine west Coast
Cover elevation, latitude, location near warm and cold ocean currents, position on
continent, and relation to landforms (ex. Mountain ranges block moisture) as
necessary within the specific regions.
Specific landforms that should be mentioned in relation to climate include:
• Plateaus – “Plateau continent”, Ethiopian Plateau
• Highlands – Ethiopians Highlands Congo, Niger, Nile Rivers – Deltas and dams
• Cold ocean currents off west coast helps create the Namib Desert (same effect
as cold currents off South America/Atacama Desert)
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES

Geography
5A-Analyze how the
character of a place is
related to its political,
economic , social and
cultural elements
6B- Explain the processes that
have caused changes in
settlement patterns, including
urbanization, transportation,
access to and availability of
resources, and economic activities

Geography



Geography
5B- Interpret political,
economic, social, and
demographic indicators to
determine the level of
development and standard
of living in nations using
the terms Human
Development Index, less
developed, newly
industrialized, and more
developed
6A- Locate and describe
human and physical
features that influence the
size and distribution of
settlements
TOPICS & CONTENT
Geography
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
TEKS
The character of a place is a combination of living components, nonliving
components, origin and history
• Political characteristics of a place
• Economic characteristics of a place
• Social characteristics of a place
• Cultural characteristics of a place





Students should be able to compare the effects of colonization by the Spanish in
Latin America to the effects of colonization by other European powers in Africa.
Students should be able to compare areas of high standards of living to areas of
low standards of living, and the implications of different levels of development on
the cultural, economic, and political characteristics of a region.
The Great Rift Valley is a series of developing rifts that curve inland from the Red
Sea and extends more than 2000 miles south to Mozambique, near the east coast.
Escarpments are long cliffs that are around the rim of the continent and the long
uniform coastlines have a few natural harbors.
The surface of the continent of Africa can be looked upon as a raised platform, or
plateau, bordered by a fairly narrow and uniformed coastal lowlands as well as
covered by an ancient mantle of rock in various staged of weathering. The platform
then slopes downward to the north. The Southeastern third of the continent is an
upland region with several high peaks, whereas the northwestern two-thirds of the
continent consists of lower lying landscapes, interrupted only here and there by
uplands and mountains. Because of these mountains and various landforms here
Africa has obstructed transport and hindered connections to the outside world.
Bantu Migrations
Refugees
Desertification
Railroads, canals, etc
Geography Alive!
Micro-entrepreneurs: Women’s Role in
the Development of Africa
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES


Geography
8B – Describe the
interaction between
humans and the physical
environment and analyze
the consequences of
extreme weather and other
natural disasters such as El
Nino, floods, tsunamis, and
volcanoes

14A – Analyze current events
to infer the physical and
human processes that lead to
the formation of boundaries
and other political divisions
15B – Explain how
citizenship practices, public
policies, and decision
making may be influenced
by cultural beliefs, including
nationalism and patriotism
Geography



Government
8C- Evaluate the economic
and political relationships
between settlements and
the environment, including
sustainable development
and resources (renewable,
nonrenewable,
inexhaustible)
TOPICS & CONTENT
Citizenship
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
TEKS
Desertification: process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result
of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture
Dry Forests: those forest that lose their leaves during extended dry seasons; they
are being destroyed faster than rain forests because they are closer to
developments, which are in greater need of their resources.
Wildlife and National Parks: The parks are trying to save many of the animals in
Africa, which are referred to as “bush meat” because most of the people living in
villages use these animals as their greater source and sometime their only source
of protein. Some animals are being hunted to almost extinction. Some natural
wildlife animals are being hunted also to protect livestock, like the cheetahs, which
sneak into some farmer’s properties and steal their livestock’s.






Sustainable development
Renewable/non-renewable resources
Economic and political relationships between settlements and the environment.
• Examples may include: governing institutions, adaptability to environment,
and dependence and interdependence
The Carrying Capacity: the maximum number of people it can support sustainably
with food, water, and other essential resources. Carrying capacities in Africa vary
widely across the huge continent, and the factors that limit carrying capacity also
can vary from the place to place.
Historically: Berlin Conference
Current events can illustrate physical processes (e.g., climate change, natural
hazards, and plate tectonics), and human processes (e.g., conflict, immigration,
colonialism, treaties, or political instability), and how these processes led to the
development of divisions between countries and territories.
South African Apartheid compared to Jim Crow in U.S.
Central Africa: Citizenship procedures are lacking because these countries were
organized because of colonialism with no consideration for ethnic diversity or tribal
relationship and the governments in power are usually corrupt and weak.
Students will be able to explain how countries deal with make different decisions
about certain practices and public policies despite different value systems
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Geography Alive!
Resources and Power in Post-apartheid
South Africa


18B – Assess causes, effects
and perceptions of conflicts
between groups of people,
including modern
genocides and terrorism

Culture


Political and cultural—colonization and effects
Students will be able to identify how the culture of a country is influenced by the
European power that colonized them, both during colonization and since
independence.
Students will be able to explain the importance of the Berlin Conference, and the
lasting impact of colonization on present-day African countries.
Analyze how the identity of a place is influenced by language, religion, and political
and economic systems. For example:
• Islam replacing Christianity as the dominant religion in Nigeria
• Bantu Migrations – spread of Bantu languages
• Many former colonies have transitioned into dictatorships
• Many African countries have become “one-commodity” countries
Genocides:
• Rwanda & Burundi: In central Africa, both nations were populated by 2
groups: Hutus (majority) and Tutsi (minority). They began fighting in the
1970s, and in the 90s, the Hutu’s began murdering over 850,000 Tutsi in
their civil war.
• Darfur: Since the 1990s, in Sudan, Africa, over 200,000 innocent people
have been massacred by an Arab group called the Janjaweed. This genocide
targets Sudan’s black population. Why? For territory in western Sudan.
Geography Alive!
pages 332-333
PACING:
UNIT 13: SOUTH ASIA
15 Days
CONCEPTS
Physical, cultural, political and economic issues of South Asia
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
caste system
Hinduism
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
monsoons
South Asia is shaped by its rapidly expanding population, proximity to natural
hazards, religious traditions, and colonial legacy.
UNIT VOCABULARY
micro-credit
sub-continent
polytheism
social mobility
reincarnation
partition
outsourcing
monsoon
karma
archipelago
Buddhism
GUIDED QUESTIONS
1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
Role of women
Globalization
Historical origins of Buddhism, Confucianism, Hinduism, Sikhism
1. How have the people of South Asia adapted to their physical environment?
2. How can population pyramids help us understand past, present, and future population
characteristics and trends?
3. How do levels of economic development vary across the region?
4. How do opportunities for social mobility compare to other regions in the world?
5. How do major religions of South Asia influence countries culture, economy, and politics?
6. How has Western culture influenced South Asia in the past and the present?
TEKS
3B- Describe the physical
processes that affect the
environments of regions,
including weather, tectonic
forces, erosion, and soilbuilding processes
TOPICS & CONTENT

Geography
SOUTH ASIA
2.
How does the caste system, as a religious based function, play such an important role in
the political system of India?
Why is the Ganges River such an important link between Hinduism and the economy of
India?
What is the struggle that the Kashmir region deals with?
Why is India referred to as a “Sub” continent?
In what ways did British imperialism play a role in the development of India as a country?
How does the weather, notably monsoons, impact the lifestyle of the people?
How was Gandhi’s nonviolent revolution so effective in bringing about the independence
of India?


Tectonic forces and plate movement created the Himalayas when the India and Asian
plates moved together creating uplift (Convergent boundary).
Extreme weather conditions are found in the Himalayas dependent upon elevation.
Freezing and thawing in some areas lead to rock weathering and avalanches (gravity).
Along the fertile alluvial plains, the soil building process occurs. These fertile alluvial
plains have been created by the flooding of the region’s major river system of the
Ganges, Indus, and Brahmaputra. Erosion of soil along these river
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Geography Alive!
pages 390-397
Geography

Construct and analyze population pyramids from various countries as well as data,
graphics and maps
Describe population characteristics and predict future growth trends. Compare
pyramids showing rapid growth, slow growth, and negative (declining) growth


Geography
7A- Construct /analyze
population pyramids and use
other data, graphics, and maps
to describe the population
characteristics of different
societies and to predict future
population trends
8B- Describe the interaction
between humans and the
physical environment and
analyze the consequences of
extreme weather and other
natural disasters such as El
Niño, floods, tsunamis, and
volcanoes
Monsoon winds: (seasonal winds) blow from the northeast from Oct. through Feb.
bringing dry air. From June through Sept. the winds blow from the southwest
bringing much moisture.
 Cyclones: affect the region due to the flooding that occurs in low-lying areas.
 Global Warming: Melting ice caps would result in rising sea levels, which would prove
disastrous for low-lying areas and islands such as the Maldives. A 20-inch rise in the
level of the Indian Ocean would place 80% of the island nation under water.
TEKS

Students need to understand the historical significance of colonization and the
struggle for independence that led to the partitioning of India and East and West
Pakistan (Pakistan and Bangladesh) and look at how that affected political power
of Muslims in India and Pakistan. Example: Kashmir is a region disputed by
Pakistan, China and India

Languages, including monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual countries and cultural
groups
Religion, belief systems, and customs
Institutions and community/family structure (e.g. family, education, government,
economic systems)
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Economics
Subsistence agriculture is practiced most often in the less developed countries of
the world. Food is grown by a family for its own consumption rather than to sell.
Government
Culture
13B- Compare maps of
voting patterns or political
boundaries to make
inferences about the
distribution of political
power
16B- Explain ways various
groups of people perceive
the characteristics of their
own and other cultures,
places, and regions
differently
17C- Compare economic,
political, or social
opportunities in different
cultures for women, ethnic
and religious minorities,
and other
underrepresented
populations





Culture
SOUTH ASIA
10C- Compare the ways
people satisfy their basic
needs through the production
of goods and services such as
subsistence agriculture versus
commercial agriculture or
cottage industries versus
commercial industries
TOPICS & CONTENT
Geography Alive!
Waiting for the Rains: The Effects of
Monsoons in South Asia

Compare women’s education level to standard of living
Access to education and work outside the home
• India
• Education
• Right to own property
• Fertility rights
• Pay equality
Caste System (Caste and outcast) treatment of untouchables
Geography Alive!
Tech Workers and Time Zones: India’s
Comparative Advantage
Culture
18A- Analyze cultural
changes in specific regions
caused by migration, war,
trade, innovations, and
diffusion






Processes that cause cultural change
Migration – influx of new people brings new cultural beliefs, ideas, and practices
War – causes change in dominating cultures, political systems, and institutions
Trade – spreads goods, ideas, and cultural beliefs from one culture to another
Innovation – advances in technology and ideas can change cultural practices
Diffusion is a mechanism in which cultural beliefs, ideas, and people spread from
one culture to another.
PACING:
UNIT 14: EAST ASIA
15 Days
CONCEPTS
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
Influence
agriculture
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
China’s transition from communism, vast population, and natural resources has given
it many possibilities for the future.
Japan’s physical geography has contributed to its unique history and development.
Korea’s peninsular location and proximity to major powers has influenced its political
and economic development.
famine
industrialization
metropolitan
earthquake
dam
UNIT VOCABULARY
Fertility rate
Economic interdependence
Free trade zone
isolationism
Hydroelectricity
JAKOTA Triangle
Demilitarized zone (DMZ)
Trade surplus
Trade deficit
GUIDED QUESTIONS
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
How did being isolated from the Western world affect the Eastern cultures?
What are the pros and cons that China had to debate before building the Three Gorges
Dam?
How did Hong Kong rise to become such a prominent city in the Eastern hemisphere?
In what ways does the “One Child” policy affect China both culturally and economically?
Compare the imperialist ideas of Britain and Japan.
What are the drastic differences the Cold War caused in the Korean peninsula?
Explain the different political viewpoints over the issue of Taiwan.
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
Roles of Women
Buddhism
Confucianism
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. How have countries in East Asia attempted to address their overpopulation issues?
2. How do the countries in this region adapt to/modify their physical environment?
3. What is China’s economic, political, and social influence on the rest of the world?
TEKS
TOPICS & CONTENT
Geography

6A- Locate and describe
human and physical
features that influence the
size and distribution of
settlements

6B- Explain the processes that
have caused changes in
settlement patterns, including
urbanization, transportation,
access to and availability of
resources, and economic
activities
Geography
EAST ASIA
1.
2.



Identify patterns in factors of settlement such as bodies of water, transportation routes,
climates, and biomes. Show change in settlement patterns over time.
Analyze population density and distribution areas on the Asian continent. Determine how
climate, transportation routes, and available water effected settlements.
Major cities of Asia: Tokyo, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Seoul
Students should be able to: locate above cities on a map, understand why they are important
cities based on their location, look at patterns in size and distribution of cities, and analyze
urban area models, such as concentric zone, sector, and multiple nuclei to determine which
model is most appropriate for the region.
China - When completed the Three Gorges Dam will have changed the settlement pattern
along the Chang River. Two million people living in hundreds of villages and towns will be
displaced to allow for a reservoir 370 miles long. Positive outcomes of building the dam is the
generation of electricity equivalent to 15 coal burning plants.
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
7C- Describe trends in past
world population growth
and distribution


Geography
7A- Construct and analyze
population pyramids and use
other data, graphics, and maps
to describe the population
characteristics of different
societies and to predict future
population trends



TEKS
Geography
Geography

Citizenship
8B- Describe the
interaction between
humans and the physical
environment and analyze
the consequences of
extreme weather and other
natural disasters such as El
Nino, floods, tsunamis, and
volcanoes
15A- Identify and give
examples of different points
of view that influence the
development of public
policies and decisionmaking processes on local,
state, national, and
international levels
18C- Analyze examples of
cultures that maintain
traditional ways, including
traditional economies
TOPICS & CONTENT
Culture
EAST ASIA
8A- Compare ways that
humans depend on, adapt
to, and modify the physical
environment, including the
influences of culture and
technology
Construct and analyze population pyramids from various countries as well as data,
graphics and maps to understand and predict the needs of a population and its future
growth trends.
Describe population characteristics and predict future growth trends. Compare
pyramids showing rapid growth, slow growth, and negative (declining) growth
Describe the population characteristics of different countries and to predict future
growth trends
Analyze the governmental policies which have been put in place by China and
determine whether or not they are actually changing population growth in that
country.
China and Japan’s lower fertility rate
Identify how humans have modified, adapted to, depended on, and interacted
with their environment.
 Interaction depends upon: the nature of the environment (including availability
and access to resources); needs of the society; the culture and values of the
human group; and their level of technology.
 Effects of Population Growth and Industrialization: pollution, global warming,
climatic change), using up resources such as water and trees, expanded middle
class (but income gap between rich and poor remains high), higher crime rates in
city(due to increased density, and poverty)
 Understand that the ways people interact with the environment depend upon
three factors: the nature of the environment; the culture and values of the human
group; and their level of technology.
 China –Sacrificed environment for industry, ex. Three Gorges Dam
 Japan- reclaims land from the sea.
 Tokyo Bay- added 249 square kilometers to the Tokyo prefecture (which came into
existence in 1943)
 Japan and Taiwan has made changes in building products and methods which has
made life in this earthquake prone country safer than they were in the past.
Earthquake drills are a part of the life of everyone in the country.
 Earthquakes cause tsunamis, and their impact on Japan. Typhoons in the Pacific
Ocean: World’s deadliest storms. China: Three Gorges Dam
 Japan—cultural isolation
 Mongolia - traditional lifestyles, nomadic, yurts
 Tibet- Free Tibet
 China—KFC, etc.



Spread of democratic ideas – Japanese civil code modeled after German civil code.
The Koreas –demilitarized zone at the 38th parallel
North vs. South Korea
Geography Alive!
China: The World’s Most Populous
Country
Geography Alive!
Population Density in Japan: Life in a
Crowded City
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES

Culture
18D- Evaluate the spread
of cultural traits to find
examples of cultural
convergence and
divergence, such as the
spread of democratic ideas,
US-based fast food
franchises, the English
language, technology or
global sports.



In Japan, English language instruction starts in Junior High and continues until at
least the 3rd year of high school focusing on reading and writing, rather than
speaking.
In China, foreign language education (usually English) begins in the 3rd grade.
China’s One Child Policy
North Korea’s isolationism
PACING:
UNIT 15: SOUTHEAST ASIA
10 Days (Combined with Oceania)
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
CONCEPTS
Imperialism
Containment
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
UNIT VOCABULARY
ASEAN
Economic tigers
Aboriginal
Maori
Outback
Endemic
Penal colony
Since WWI the changes in Southeast Asia occurred in the following areas:
Economic, Social, Environmental, and Political
1.
2.
What was the primary focus for Europeans traveling to these areas?
How did European contact change the cultures?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. What impact has colonization & imperialism had on economic and political development?
2. How have geographic process such as volcanoes and tsunamis affected the region?
3. What accounts for the vast differences in level of development and range of economic
activities between different countries in Southeast Asia?
4. What political, economic and environmental factors have contributed to migration patterns
in this region?
TEKS
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
Roles of women
Buddhism
Islam
Confucianism
TOPICS & CONTENT

2A- Describe the human
and physical characteristics
of the same regions at
different periods of time to
evaluate relationships
between past events and
current conditions

History
SOUTHEAST ASIA
GUIDED QUESTIONS






Europeans arrived in 1509 looking mainly for ways to enrich themselves, not places
to settle. (They wanted to bypass the Muslim merchants who had a monopoly on the
spice trade)
Colonialism and Imperialism changed SE Asia: Colonial powers set up central
governments (helped lead to modern nation states and many wars), colonies were
forced to produce commodities to benefit Europe’s economy, massive immigration
from British India and China due to increased labor demand.
Rich mosaic of cultures due to indigenous people, colonizers, and immigrants. SE Asia
is truly a crossroads with influences from East Asia, SW Asia, Central Asia, Europe,
and more recently, the U.S. European nations colonized
Dutch: Dutch east Indies (including Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Dutch New Guinea)
French: French Indo China (including Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
German: Kasier-Wihelmsland (northern Papua New Guinea)
Portuguese: first European power to conquer a SE Asian nation, Malacca, in 1511, but
Dutch took Malacca from them in 1641. But Portuguese still had Timor
Spanish: Philippines
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES

Thailand (Siam) remained independent but was deeply affected by the power politics
of the European colonizers.
TEKS
8C- Evaluate the economic and
political relationships between
settlements and the
environment, including
sustainable development and
renewable/non-renewable
resources
11B - Identify factors affecting
the location of different types
of economic activities,
including subsistence and
commercial agriculture,
manufacturing, and service
industries
14A- Analyze current events to
infer the physical and human
processes that lead to the
formation of boundaries and
other political divisions
Geography
Geography
Geography
Geography
7B- Explain the political,
economic, social, and
environmental push and pull
factors and physical
geography affect the routes
and flows of human migration
Economics
SOUTHEAST ASIA
7A- Construct and analyze
population pyramids and use
other data, graphics and maps
to describe the population
characteristics of different
societies and to predict future
population trends

Government
4B- Describe different
landforms and the physical
processes that cause their
development
TOPICS & CONTENT













ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Countries: Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand. Vietnam
Bodies of water: Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Gulf of Tonkin, Mekong River, Strait
of Malacca, Irrawaddy River
Islands: Borneo, Java, Sumatra, New Guinea
Landforms: Volcano, archipelago, and hot spots
Climate: Monsoons, tsunamis, and typhoons
Thailand and Vietnam: large change over time (look for decrease in birth rates)
Indonesia: largest Muslim nation in the world, compare Java and Sumatra pop.
Singapore: more developed country so its population characteristics will be vastly
different (could compare to Austria in terms of similar patterns)
Cambodia: historical pop. characteristics from atrocities of the Khmer Rouge,
agricultural (most agricultural along with Laos, so look for high birth rate, least
economically diverse, and fairly high infant mortality and death rates in general)
Push factors
Pull factors
Refugees
Primate City- leading city in its country or region
Kampongs- Malaysian enclosure or village



Sustainable development
Renewable/non-renewable resources
Economic and political relationships between settlements and the environment.
Examples may include: Governing institutions, Adaptability to environment,
Dependence and interdependence








Klongs- name for a canal in the central plain of Thailand
Shifting Cultivation
Slash and burn agriculture
Choke point
Shipping lane
Asian Tigers
Globalization
To determine how current political boundaries were acquired, , analyze:
• geographic influences (natural boundaries, natural resources, etc.)
• political influences (historical, esp. colonization, as well as present)
• social influences (religion, customs, etc.)
Geography Alive!
The Global Sneaker: From Asia to
Everywhere
PACING:
UNIT 16: OCEANIA
10 Days (Combined with Southeast Asia)
CONCEPTS
ASSURANCE VOCABULARY TO
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
Isolationism
UNIT VOCABULARY
OCEANIA
ENDURING UNDERSTANDING
Australia and New Zealand have been shaped by histories similar to the United States
and Canada but with very different physical environments and results.
Antarctica is an area of scientific importance and international cooperation.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. How, where, and why have people migrated to and through Oceania, Australia, and New
Zealand?
2. What are the physical characteristics of Oceania, Australia, and New Zealand?
3. How have geographic processes changed Oceania?
4. How have native people in Oceania, Australia, and New Zealand maintained and/or
integrated traditional customs and lifestyles?
5. How do nations work together to protect the environment?
6. How does technology influence economic activities as well as impact the environment?
TEKS
TOPICS & CONTENT
ASSURANCES TO WORLD HISTORY
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES


Europeans arrived in 1509 looking mainly for ways to enrich themselves, not places
to settle. (They wanted to bypass the Muslim merchants who had a monopoly on the
spice trade.)
Colonialism changed Australia/New Zealand by:
•
•
•
•
•
History
1A- Analyze the effects of
physical and human
geographic patterns and
processes on events in the
past and describe their
effects on present
conditions, including
significant physical features
and environmental
conditions that influenced
migration patterns in the
past and shaped the
distribution of culture
groups today

Colonial powers set up central governments (helped lead to modern nation states)
Colonies were forced to produce commodities to benefit Europe’s economy.
Massive immigration from England and British colonies
Loss of indigenous cultures to assimilation in Australia.
New Zealand’s indigenous culture (Maori) did not lose their culture because of the Treaty
of Waitangi that was signed.
Geography Alive!
Relative and Absolute Location: What
Makes Australia Unique?
Geography Alive!
The Pacific Islands: Adapting to Life
Surrounded by Ocean
AUSTRALIA
• Aboriginal people migrated from Asia at least 40,000 years ago
• Great Britain founds Sydney as a penal colony (1788)
• Later, Australia as a colony gave Great Britain naval bases in Pacific

NEW ZEALAND
• Maori settled in New Zealand from Polynesia more than 1000 years ago
• Captain James Cook explores New Zealand (1769) and Australia (1770)
• Hunters and whalers settle in New Zealand

OCEANIA
• Consists of about 20,000 islands, but that number is constantly changing
• Describe how the following create or destroy islands: erosion , volcanoes, coral reefs

Geography
3B- describe the physical
processes that affect the
environments of regions,
including weather, tectonic
forces, erosion, and soilbuilding processes
4B- Describe different
landforms and the physical
processes that cause their
development
TOPICS & CONTENT
Geography
OCEANIA
TEKS
Ecotourism: Compare Ecotourism to traditional tourism. Ecotourism typically
focuses on personal growth, volunteering, and learning new ways to live on the
planet. Ecotourists usually go to places where the flora, fauna, and cultural
heritage are the primary attractions.
 Global warming: Effects seen in Antarctica. How will these effects bring economic
opportunities as well as economic and environmental disasters?
 Peninsulas
 Archipelagos
 Rivers and long coastlines
 Mountains and volcanoes: Ring of Fire
 Islands: high (created by volcanoes), low islands and atolls (created by coral reefs;
soil is poor because they are not created by volcanoes and coral does not enrich
low island soil)
 Coral Reef: Great Barrier Reef
 Deserts
 Mountains
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES
Geography Alive!
Antarctica: Researching Climate Change
at the Coldest Place on Earth
Geography
5A- Analyze how the
character of a place is
related to its political,
economic, social, and
cultural elements
OCEANIA
 Blends traditional ways with influences from Europe and the U.S.
 Political—12 islands have gained independent rule, but many are still controlled by
foreign nations, including the U.S.
 Economic—mostly subsistence agriculture (bananas, sugar, cocoa, coffee) and
tourism
 Social—traditional life usually centered on a village with a chief who led the village.
People lived in extended families. Polynesians frequently fought each other;
Micronesians coexisted more peacefully. Fishing and farming dominated. Recently,
people have been moving to larger cities.
 Cultural—lots of different languages (1,100) including European languages.
Christianity is the most widely spread religion (due to missionary work)
AUSTRALIA
 similar to New Zealand
 Political—self-governing since 1901;
 Economic—native people have higher rates of poverty; major exporter of farm
products including wool; major mining operations produce diamonds, lead, zinc,
opals, copper, coal;
 Social—high rates of immigration from other countries; most people live in cities
and towns
 Cultural—Christianity is major religion; speak English; many British customs;
outdoor sports are popular
TEKS
TOPICS & CONTENT
18C- Identify examples of
cultures that maintain
traditional ways, including
traditional economies
19C- Examine the
environmental, economic,
and social impacts of
advances in technology on
agriculture and natural
resources
NEW ZEALAND
 similar to Australia
 Political—self-governing since 1907;
 Economic—native people have higher rates of poverty; major exporter of farm
products include fruits and vegetables, butter, meat; has forests so they export
wood and paper products
 Social—mostly of British descent; most people live in cities and towns
 Cultural—blend of British and Maori customs; English and Maori are both official
languages; Christianity is the main religion; outdoor sports are popular
 Extended scarcity of water in Australia has led to strictly implemented water
restrictions, especially west of the Great Dividing Range
 Australia is largely made up of deserts, so although their exports include
agricultural products, they also get a large part of their income from mining
operations
Different points of view create debate, lead to conflict or opposing sides, and
development of resolutions or agreements on public policies.
Citizenship

Culture

Culture
15A- Identify and give
examples of different
points of view that
influence the development
of public policies and
decision-making processes
on local, state, national,
and international levels
18A- Analyze cultural
changes in specific regions
caused by migration, war,
trade, innovations, and
diffusion
Science/Tech
OCEANIA
12B- Evaluate the geographic
and economic impact of
policies related to the
development, use and scarcity
of natural resources such as
regulations of water
Economics
Geography
Con’t
Colonization:
• Push: penal colonies set up in Australia after losing the US colonies. Brought
English culture and language.
• Pull: opportunity for a better life in the new world. Gold discovery.
 Aboriginal people have “westernized” to a great extent by adopting customs and
economic practices of their former colonizers
 New Zealand has a completely different culture and history. How have the
indigenous people of New Zealand, the Maori, been able to maintain their culture
even though there has been influence from colonization? Treaty of Waitangi
 Aboriginal people in Australia
 Pacific Islanders‘ traditions
 Coral reefs—affect of pesticides, global warming
 Use of diesel technology to grow food (growing and transporting food takes lots of
diesel)
 Irrigation
ACTIVITIES/ RESOURCES