Download Body Systems and Disorders

Body Systems and Disorders
 Major
circulatory
systems
– Cardiopulmonary circulation
– Systemic circulation
 Specialized
circulatory
systems
– Coronary circulation
 Deoxygenated
blood
from the heart to the
lungs where carbon
dioxide is exchanged for
oxygen. The oxygenated
blood then returns
to the heart.

Circulates nutrients, oxygen,
water, and
secretions to the tissues and
back to the heart

Carries away waste products
such as carbon dioxide and
other dissolved wastes away
from the tissues

Helps equalize body
temperature

Aids in protecting the body
from harmful
bacteria

Brings oxygenated blood to
the heart muscle

Right and left branches of
the coronary artery

Exchange of oxygen and
waste occurs at
capillary level

Deoxygenated blood returns
through the
coronary veins to the
coronary sinus

Arteries – carry oxygenated blood
away from the heart to the
capillaries (one exception: the
pulmonary artery which carries
deoxygenated blood from the heart
to the lungs)

Capillaries – smallest blood
vessels. Connect the arterioles
with the venules.

Veins – carry deoxygenated blood
away from the capillaries to the
heart.
 Aorta
leads away from
the heart and
branches into smaller
arteries
 Smaller
arteries branch
into arterioles
 Arterioles
give rise to
the capillaries

Smallest blood vessels

Can only be seen through a
microscope

Connect the arterioles and
venules

Muscle and connective
tissue disappear and
they become a simple
endothelial cell layer
 Carry
deoxygenated
blood away from the
capillaries to the heart
 Walls
much thinner than
arteries
– Do not have to withstand as
much pressure
 Veins
have valves so
blood flows in one
direction
– Toward the heart
 Largest
vein is the vena
cavae
– Superior vena cavae returns
blood from upper part of
body
– Inferior vena cavae returns
blood from the lower part of
the body
 Valves
help keep venous
blood moving
 Skeletal
muscles
contract to push venous
blood along its path
 Pressure
changes occur
when we breath
which helps bring
venous blood back to the
heart
 Stationary
positioning
can decrease flow
back to the heart for
oxygenation

Blood Pressure – when the heart
pumps blood into the arteries, the
surge of blood filling the vessels
creating pressure against their walls.

Systolic blood pressure – pressure
measured at the moment of heart
contraction.

Diastolic blood pressure – pressure
measured when there is lessened force
of the blood (when the heart is
relaxed)

Normal value – average 120/80 (120
is systolic, 80 is diastolic)

The blood cells that carry
oxygen. Also called
erythrocytes. Contain
hemoglobin and it is the
hemoglobin which permits
them to transport oxygen (and
carbon dioxide).

Hemoglobin, aside from being
a transport molecule, is a
pigment. It gives the cells
their red color (and their
name).
 Called
leukocytes
 Larger
than RBC’s
 Manufactured
in both
red bone marrow and
lymphatic tissue
 Natural
defense against
injury and disease
 Also
called
Thrombocytes
 Smallest
of the solid
components of blood
 Function
in the initiation
of the
blood-clotting process

Blood type inherited from one’s
parents. Determined by presence,
or absence, of blood protein called
antigen on the surface of the red
blood cell.

Types – 4 major groups
– A: have “A” antigen
– B: have “B” antigen
– AB: has both “A” & “B”
antigen
– O: has neither of the
antigen’s
 Hypertension
– high
blood pressure
– Normal
 Less than 120/80
– Pre-hypertension
 120-130/80-89
 Stage
I hypertension
– 140-159/90-99
 Stage
II hypertension
– 160 and above/100 and
above

Aneurysm – ballooning out of an artery.
Caused by weakening of the blood vessel.
Pulsates with each systolic beat.
1.
Abdominal aneurysm: In an artery in the
abdomen (mid-section)
Thoracic aneurysm: In an artery in the
chest area
Cerebral aneurysm: In an artery in the
brain (usually treated by neurosurgeons)
Peripheral aneurysm: In the large arteries
that run down the legs and behind the
knees, and occasionally arms
2.
3.
4.
Stenting is a common treatment – catheter is
inserted and guided to the aneurysm. A stent is
then guided in to provide scaffolding to
reinforce the wall of the artery.

Arteriosclerosis – disease that
occurs when the arterial walls
thicken because of a loss of
elasticity as aging occurs.

Atherosclerosis – disease that
occurs when deposits of fatty
substances form along the walls of
the arteries.

In both Arteriosclerosis and
Atherosclerosis there is a
narrowing of the blood vessel
opening. This interferes with
blood supply to the body parts and
causes hypertension.
Review your Medical Terms from the
Cardiovascular Powerpoint.