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Sonderer 1
Morghan Sonderer
Mr. Tovar
English 4
23 August 2012
Annotated Bibliography
Bostcock, Stephen. Zoos and Animal Right: The Ethics of Keeping Animals. New York:
Routledge, 1993. Web.
In the book, Zoos and Animal Rights: The Ethic of Keeping Animals, Stephen Bostock suggests
that zoos are unethical in their ways of keeping animals. This book examines the principles of
keeping animals within zoos. Stephen Bostock develops this controversial topic by looking into
past zoos and their practices. The book argues that animals’ rights can be reconciled with the
ongoing existence of zoos. Bostock goes into discussing that even though zoos and animal rights
would normally look as if to be a conflict, which they should not have to. Contained in the book
Bostock examines the assorted technical and ethical issues involved in animal rights. Some
examples are that there is human domination over animals. Some examples animals not in their
natural environments, human cruelty, and the nature of domestic and wild animals. Stephen
Bostock analyzes the areas in which misconception thrives. Bostock argues in depth about the
controversial topic between animals’ cruelty and zoos. In conclusion, Bostock’s stance is that
zoos are immoral in their ways that they are keeping animals.
Clark, Tim., Mazur, Nicole. “Zoos and Conservation: Policy Making and Organizational
Challenges.” Species and Ecosystem Conservation. (2000): pages 185-196. Web
In the article, “Zoos and Conservation: Policy Making and Organizational Challenges,” Tim
Clark and Nicole Mazur examine zoo’s effectiveness in endangered species restoration, policy,
operations and education. Within the text Clark and Mazur suggest that the zoo community can
be improved in its performance. This can be done with better clarification of the zoos aims and
goals. To help zoos as well as to avoid defensive activities and also enhancing the policy of the
logical skills. In the beginning of the book it starts off with zoos history and what zoos where
back in time. That the “zoo” has been a monument for a long time of peoples fascination with the
non-human nature, meaning watching animals. They look back to the ancient Egyptians and
Greeks and how humans have had some type of zoo. The conservation of animals is important to
the human beings because we always need entertainment and such. Zoos do, as well as the job of
conservation in many animals; that is why many animals that are on the endangered list go into
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captivity. Zoos are trying to become more informational and better educated with in conserving
animals. In summation Clark and Mazur believe that zoos can be improved with certain things
and also that zoos do help the conservation of animals.
Cohn, Jeffery. “Captive Breeding for Conservation.” Bio Science Vol. 38. Issue 5 (1995):
312-316pgs. Web.
In the article, “Captive Breeding for Conservation,” Jeffery Cohn suggests that in spite of all the
success stories, that the strategy of captive breeding still remains controversial within the
conservation community. Cohn goes into talking about the different captive animals and how the
zoos came to obtain them. For example two baby rhinos that were caught and were given to a
zoos as a gift. The rhinos were given to the Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park in
Washington D.C. The purpose of these rhinos being a gift is to help the U.S zoos build a new
captive breeding program for these endangered animals. Zoos and other institutions have been
breeding endangered wild animals for more than a decade. Through the past decade there has
been a significant success in the breeding of the endangered species. However zoos with captive
breeding still remains a controversial topic among the conservationist. Summing up, Cohn’s
stance on zoos captive breeding is that it is still a controversial topic, but is slowly being figured
out.
Fa, John., Funk, Stephan, and O’Connell, Donnamarie. Zoo Conservation Biology. New
York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Web
In the book, Zoo Conservation Biology, John Fa and others propose that zoos have a major role
in species conservation. The first part of the book runs through the biodiversity within the zoos
and how zoos should operate. Then in this section it goes on to talk about the origins and global
increase of zoos and the exploring of the animals composition. The second part of the book
centers on the basic elements of keeping practical animals population. This means being able to
take care of all the animals within the zoo and not have to many animals and unable to have
proper nutrition. Within part two it talks about the consequences of captivity on animals. This
then leads to talk about the performance of the zoos which deal with captive breeding and how
the genetics of the zoo populations. In the last section of the book Cohn examines the ways in
which the zoos can make a considerable difference to the conservation of the animals now and in
the future. In summation Fa’s position is that zoos have a foremost role in the conservation of
species.
Jamieson, Dale. In Defense Of Animals: The Second Wave. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing
Ltd, 2006. Web.
In the book, In Defense Of Animals: The Second Wave, Dale Jamieson proposes that zoos are
public parks that exhibit animals and that its primary purpose is recreation or education. The
book goes into the history of zoos. Zoos were not to the public at first and that they were to keep
the purposes if education and recreation. The Romans kept the animals in order for living food
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for the games. Then Dale Jamieson goes on to talk about why do we need zoos. One reason zoo’s
are not the greatest is that first we have to take the animals out of their native habitats. If that
doesn’t stress out the animals then the transporting of great distances will. Then the animals are
put into an alien like environment, where they have no idea where they are. He goes in to more
detail about how zoos are not good. In conclusion Jamieson is against zoos and their ways of
keeping animals.
Mann, William M. “Wild Animals In and Out of the Zoo.” Smithsonian Science Series
Vol. 6. Issue 1 (1991): 1-7pgs. Web.
In the academic journal, “Wild Animals In and Out of The Zoo,” William Mann suggests that
zoos are a way of keeping endangered animals alive. The urge that humans have to keep wild
animals in captivity seems inherent. As far back as we know some form of a zoo has been
around. National Zoological parks have been helping endangered species and hope to keep. It
first started off as a little organization that brought animals to Washington D.C and kept them in
small cages. At the time the Institution was forming a collection of mounted animals that
represented fauna of North America and their living species. The journal goes into talk more
about the zoological society. Then how the conservation of the zoos has helped so much. The
National Zoological Society has become great in the conservation of endangered species.
Summing up Mann’s viewpoint on zoo’s are that they are a wonderful way of conserving
endangered species.
Miller, B., Conway, W., Reading, R. P., Wemmer, C., Wildt, D., Kleiman, D., Monfrot, S.,
Rabinowitz, A., Armstrong, B. and Hutchins, M. “Evaluating the
Conservation Mission of Zoos, Aquariums, Botanical Gardens, and Natural
History Museums.” Conservation Biology. 2004. Web
In the academic journal, “Evaluating the Conservation Mission of Zoos, Aquariums, Botanical
Gardens, and Natural History Museums,” Brian Miller and many others try to emphasize a
mission of conservation. As well as how the zoos contribute directly to the conservation and
education and the conservation science. With in the journal the writers are asking eight questions
to evaluate actions towards conserving animals. Some questions are, “Does conservation thought
define policy decisions? Do exhibits explain and promote conservation efforts?” The authors are
hoping that the questions will help the employees and administrators understand the issue with
not understanding conservation activities. As well as getting the support of the public and praise
for institutions that is striving forward to help find solution for conservation. Throughout the
journal it discusses the way different zoos and organizations that can help with the conservation
of animals. The journal also has information about different conservations that are trying to help.
In conclusion Miller’s stance is that zoos are a huge contributor to the conservation of species.
Rowan, Andrew and Deborah Salem. The State of the Animals 2001. Washington D.C:
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Human Society Press, 2001. Web
In the section of the book, “The State of the Animals 2001: Is there a Place in the World for
Zoos?, ” Andrew Rowan and Deborah Salem questioned, are zoos even needed. The human
makes rapid technological and cultural advancements and are always improving within it as well.
The zoos have been here a very long time, since the first zoo in London in 1828. Zoos have
continued to do the same things for almost two centuries. The one thing that zoos have made a
change to is the way that the animals have been kept. The first zoos had very tiny enclosure and
barred cages, but now the enclosures are much larger. Throughout the years the veterinary
medicine has improved greatly and has great benefit to the zoo animals. The zoo education
programs have reached million of students each year. In summation Rowan and Salem’s attitude
on zoos is that they are needed, they have a place in our society.
The World Zoo Organization and The Captive Breeding Specialist Group. The World Zoo
Conservation Strategy; The Role of the Zoos and Aquaria of the World in Global
Conservation. Brookfield, Illinois: Chicago Zoological Society, 1993. Web.
In the book, The World Zoo Conservation Strategy; The Role of the Zoos and Aquaria of the
World in Global Conservation, The World Zoo Organization and The Captive Breeding
Specialist Group (CBSG); also known as IUDZG suggest strategy to help the conservation of
species. Many aquarium and zoo professionals have contributed to the contents of the Strategy. It
clearly demonstrates that aquarium and zoo groups are able and prepared to dedicate their great
potential to conservation. There is one aim to support the conservation of species, the ecosystem
and the natural habitat. There are many aspects of the zoo conservation in the Strategy. The
Strategy strongly promotes in the integration of zoo conservation efforts. Throughout the book it
gives information about how the organizations and groups can help with the conservation of
endangered species. The IUDZG and CBSG try to summarize the current views on the role of
aquaria and zoos in global conservation. Summing up, CBSG and IUDZG’s position is that zoos
are doing a good job at conserving endangered species.
Traw, Kelly. “How Do Zoos Help Endangered Animals?” Scientific American. 15 Apr.
2009. Web. 28 August 2012.
In the article, “How Do Zoos Help Endangered Animals?” Kelly Traw, proposes that many zoos
are not only a good place to get up close to wild animals, but that many of the zoos are also
doing their part in the conservation of endangered spices. Zoos are strengthening the dwindling
population of the animals that are still living free in the wild. Many zoos throughout the country
are a part of Association of Zoos and Aquarium’s (AZA’s). These zoo are also involved with
Species Survival Plan (SSP) Program. The two organizations aim to manage the breeding of the
specific endangered species. The goal of the groups is the reintroduce the captive-raised
endangered species into their natural wild environments. The programs have helped bring back
many endangered species, which include the red wolves, California condors and the black-footed
ferret. SSP and AZA’s are good groups in helping endangered species and they deal a lot with
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zoos. In conclusion Traw’s viewpoint is that zoos are one way that we are able to help certain
endangered species.
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Tuesday, April 9, 2013 9:24:43 AM MST