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CatEvents Scavenger Hunt Name: Date: Period: Use the Catastrophic Events text and the Internet to explore the topics in the upcoming units. 1. Identify the scales used to measure catastrophic events. Event Magnitude / Intensity Scale Fujita Scale of Tornadoes Tornado Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale Hurricane Richter Magnitude 8+ Great 7-7.9 Major 6-6.9 Strong 5-5.9 Moderate 4-4.9 Light 3-3.9 Minor Less than 3 Very Minor Earthquake Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI) Volcano Numerical Range F0 = 40-72mph, 65-116kph F1 = 73-112mph, 117-181kph F2 = 113-157mph, 182-253kph F3 = 158-206mph, 254-332kph F4 = 207-260mph, 333-419kph F5 = 261-318mph, 420-513kph Category 1-5 1 = 74-95mph, 119-153kph 2 = 96-110mph, 154-178kph 3 = 111-130mph, 179-210kph 4 = 131-155mph, 211-250kph 5 = 155+mph, 250+kph Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale I – Not felt II – Felt by few III – Felt indoors IV – Felt indoors by many, outdoors by few V – Felt by nearly everyone VI – Felt by all VII – Slight to moderate damage to well built structures. Considerable damage to poorly built. VIII – Great damage to poorly built structures. Fallen chimneys, monuments. Sand and mud ejected. IX – Damage considerable to well built structures. Buildings shifted off foundations. Ground cracked. X – Well built wooden structures destroyed. Railroad tracks bent. Landslides. XI – Few, if any, masonry structures standing. Bridges destroyed. XII – Total damage. Waves seen on ground surfaces. Objects thrown upward in air. Volume of erupted tephra (ash) 0 – Non Explosive 1 – 0.00001km3 Small 2 – 0.001km3 Small/Moderate 3 – 0.01km3 Moderate 4 – 0.1km3 Large 5 – 1km3 Large/Very Large 6 – 10km3 Very Large 7 – 100km3 Very Large 8 – 1,000km3 Very Large CatEvents Scavenger Hunt Name: Date: Period: 2. What is similar and different between all the scales? Similar: they all have a range that shows how big the event is. Storms tell mph of winds. Qualitative and quantitative data. Different: different sets of data points. 3. What makes an event ‘catastrophic’? Natural disaster that has a significant impact on human life. STORMS 4. What is a vortex? The movement of liquids or gases in a spiral around a central axis. 5. What 2 storm types occur in the form of a vortex? Hurricane & Tornado 6. What is the main source of energy for the Earth? The Sun 7. What are the 3 methods of heat transfer? Convection Radiation Conduction 8. Heat flows from Hot matter to Cold matter. 9. The type of heat transfer observed in ocean/wind currents is Convection. EARTHQUAKES 10. What is an earthquake? Vibrations in the earth caused by the sudden release of energy, usually, as a result of the movement of rocks along a fault. 11. Energy released in an earthquake travels away from the focus in a seismic wave. 12. Does there seem to be a global pattern of earthquake location? Explain YES. Most earthquakes occur along plate boundaries. 13. Earthquakes can be measured and plotted using an instrument called a seismogram. 14. The interior of the earth is uniform. TRUE / FALSE VOLCANOES CatEvents Scavenger Hunt Name: Date: Period: 15. What is a volcano? A landform, usually cone shaped, produced by a collection of erupted material around a vent, or opening, in the surface of the earth and through which gas and erupted material pass. 16. What main rock type is formed after volcanic magma/lava cools? Igneous 17. Volcanoes change the landscape by Fracturing earth’s crust and changing the landscape through new rock. 18. Does there seem to be a global pattern of volcano location? YES. Most volcanoes occur near plate boundaries. 19. Volcanic activity can be monitored by gathering what kind of data? Seismic Data: earthquakes occur under a volcano when magma is moving. Measure changes in the slope of the crater floor – tiltmeter. Measure Sulfur Dioxide levels. WASHINGTON 20. What kind of catastrophic storm is our state subject to? Tornado 21. Identify the geographic pattern of the volcanoes in Washington. North to Sound through the Cascade Mountain. 22. Identify the geographic pattern of the ‘fault zones’ in Washington. Most run East to West or horizontally. 23. What should Washingtonians do to prepare for potential a catastrophic event? Build a basement. Build structures on bedrock. Don’t live on cliffs. Emergency Kits, extra supplies, have a plan. Make your structure flexible: Wood, Steel Easy access to high ground. Earth house protection from tornadoes. Practice your plan – DRILL IT!