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Recap: Wednesday we talked about PREHISTORIC art (Neolithic, Paleolithic). The most important pieces to remember were 1) Venus of Willendorf (Paleolithic) 2) Lascaux cave paintings (Paleolithic) 3) Stonehenge (Neolithic) Today: We are talking about art of the Near East. This is generally referring to art from Mesopotamia. *Mesopotamia: -Greek word that means, “Land between the rivers” (the two rivers were the Tigris and Euphrates) -Also called “Fertile Crescent” http://mesopotamia.lib.uchicago.edu/ 0 To remember the cultures of the Ancient Near East, just remember one word: SABAN Sumerian Akkadian Babylonian Assyrian Neo-Babylonian 0 Sumerians: -First known farmers -invented cuneiform (writing system) -lived in city-states -worshiped many gods Important Sumerian Art: -Ziggurats -Votive statues -Standard of Ur Sumerian Ziggurat of Ur ca. 2100 BCE Ziggurats: -Served as temples and city centers -First example of religious architecture Sumerian Votive Statues: -Votive= something offered in a vow -hands in prayer -Large, cartoonish eyes (made with inlaid stone) *Question for the class: Why do you think these statues were so small? Sumerian Votive figures 2700 to 2500 B.C. Sumerian Standard of Ur: Standard of Ur 2700 to 2500 B.C. -Found at Sumerian burial site -Decorated with inlaid stone, shells -One side depicts images of war, one peace The Standard of Ur was an Ancient Sumerian box that contained a “Peace” side (left) and a “War” side (below) Loyal Solders (the WAR side) Lyre Player (the PEACE side) What happened to this sculpture?? Akkadian Head of Akkadian ruler Ca.2250-2200 BCE Head of Akkadian Ruler: -Remains of a statue that was toppled during war -Balance of naturalism and abstract patterning AKKADIAN Victory Stele of NaramSin 2254-2218 BCE Looking at this image, who is the most important figure here? How do you know? -Stele: monument made of single column/slab, erected to commemorate important event or person -This stele made for Akkadian ruler, Naram-Sin, who defeated Lullubi people (present day Iran) Stele of NaramSin, AKKADIAN 2300-2200 BCE This illustrates the victory over the Lullabis, mountain people of western lran by Naram-Sin, who claimed to be the universal monarch. Naram-Sin had himself depicted climbing the mountain at the head of his troops. His helmet bears the horns, a sign of divine power. Although it is the ideal human conqueror, a convention imposed on artists by the monarchy. worn, his face is expressive of The king tramples on the bodies of his enemies at the foot of a peak; above it the solar disk figures several times, and the king pays homage to it for his victory. Another Stele… -Babylonian ruler known for his many laws and conquests -Hammurabi pictured with Shamash (sun god) -Below listed 282 laws BABYLONIAN Stele of Hammurabi ca. 1780 BCE Assyrian Lamassu (Human-headed Winged Bull) Reign of Sargon II, 721-705 BCE -Guarded doors to citadel of Sargon II -Five legs pictured: 2 from front 4 from side WHY??? Where else have we seen this kind of inaccurate representation of animals? Detail from Hall of Bulls, Lascaux, France, ca. 15,000- 13,000 BCE Hall of Bulls, Lascaux: -Use of “twisted perspective”- head drawn from side, body at an angle NeoBabylonian Ishtar Gate 575 BCE -Built by Nebuchadnezzar II to honor Ishtar, goddess of Love/ War. A reconstruction of the Ishtar gate and Processional Way was built at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin out of material excavated and finished in the 1930s. It includes the inscription plaque. It stands 47 feet high and 32 feet wide (14 meters by 10 meters). Attention: You will have a quiz on Monday on all flash card images!! You must know: 1)!Culture or Time period (e.g. Paleolithic, Babylonian, Sumerian, etc.) 2)!Title 3) Date (approximate!)