Download Ancient Civ. Final Exam Study Guide `12

Ancient Civilizations - Final Exam Study Guide
FORMAT OF FINAL EXAM:
155 Multiple Choice, Matching, True/False, and chronological order.
The Honors Ancient Civilizations course focuses primarily on six ancient civilizations. The common final exam
addresses a variety of characteristics and cultural elements associated with these civilizations by separating them
into different sections. Each test item is worth one point.
VERY IMPORTANT: You will be required to know the GRAPES acronym for the test. You will also
be asked which category various terms fall under. Make sure to answer questions 1 and 2 in each
section THOROUGHLY using the 2 charts on this page.
The Elements of Culture GRAPES
Five Characteristics of
Civilization
Geography
Division of Labor
Religion/Beliefs
Surplus of Crops
Achievements
(Arts/Literature/Technology/Inventions)
Form of Writing
Bureaucratic Government
Political Systems
Lunar Calendar
Economic Systems
Social Systems/Organization
Ancient Egypt
Important Terms and People to Know:
Agriculture in the Nile
Valley
Upper Egypt vs.
Lower Egypt
Amenhotep
IV/Akhenaton
Story of Horus &
Osiris
Gift of the Nile
Hieroglyphics
Rosetta Stone
Pyramid building
Nile Delta
Mummification
Egyptian religion
Menes
Pharaoh
Monarchy
Dynasty
Hatshepsut
Book of the Dead
Nile River valley
Cataracts
EGYPT Review Questions:
1. Identify and explain the elements of culture (GRAPES) (on page 1) as they relate to Egypt.
G
eography
R
A
eligion
chievements
P
olitical system
E
conomic system
S
ocial structure
2. Identify and explain the characteristics of civilization (on page 1) as they relate to Egyptian
civilization.
3. What factors allowed Egyptian farmers to grow two or three crops a year?
4. What did Herodotus mean when he called Egypt the “Gift of the Nile?” Give some examples of those
gifts.
5. What factors enabled transportation on the Nile River? What factors made transportation on the
Nile more difficult?
6. How did Amenhotep IV’s attempt to make Egypt monotheistic. Why?
7. What did the Egyptians believe would help guide them and protect their soul in the afterlife?
_____________________________
8. What process was essential to keeping a person’s ka intact for the next life? _________________
9. Please order (Ramses, Menes, Building of the Pyramids, Akhenaton, Invasion of the Hyksos)
Ancient Mesopotamia
Important Terms and People to Know
Fertile Crescent as crossroads of the world
Mesopotamia
Cuneiform
Yahweh
Tigris & Euphrates River valley
Ziggurats
Code of Hammurabi
Cyrus
Moses and the Ten Commandments
Abraham
Ethical Monotheism
Torah
the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Persian roads
Nebuchadnezzar
Mesopotamian Empires: List details about each.
Sumerians
Akkadians
Babylonians
Hittites
Assyrians
Chaldeans/
Neo-Babylonians
Persians
Phoenicians
Lydians
Hebrews
1. Identify and explain the elements of culture (GRAPES) as they relate to the Mesopotamian empires.
G
eography
R
A
eligion
chievements
P
olitical system
E
conomic system
S
ocial structure
2. Identify and explain the characteristics of civilization (page 1) as they relate to the Mesopotamian
empires.
3. Why is the Fertile Crescent referred to as the “crossroads” of the world? ___________________
4. What changes occurred due to the movement of peoples across the Fertile Crescent?
5. What were the geographic advantages of the Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys?
6. What was the most important Phoenician contribution to the world? _________________________
7. How did the Lydians revolutionize the economy of the ancient world? ________________________
8. Who was the Persians’ famous first king who gained independence from the Medes? _____________
9. Who was the “Father of Judaism”? _________________________________________________
10. Which civilization was known for great tolerance of their conquered peoples in the areas or religion
and culture, and for having the largest empire? _________________________________________
11. What was the Sumerian form of writing called? _______________________________________
12. Who is credited for Babylon’s earliest law codes? _____________________________________
13. What was the main military contribution of the Hittites? _______________________________
14. Which empire was known for its strong military and cruelty to others? _____________________
15. Please order the following: Hittites, Sumer, Persians, Assyrians, Babylonians
Ancient India
Important Terms and People to Know
Caste system, jati
Monism
Brahman
Ramayana
Agriculture & planting of crops
Khyber Pass
Monsoons
Sacredness of the Ganges River
Hinduism in India
Buddhism in India
Reincarnation
Indo-Aryans
Chandragupta Maurya
Suttee
Asoka
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
1. Identify and explain the elements of culture (GRAPES) as they relate to Ancient India.
G
eography
R
eligion
A
chievements
P
olitical system
E
conomic system
S
ocial structure
2. Identify and explain the characteristics of civilization as they relate Ancient India.
3. What was the river valley in Ancient India that was the site of the earliest Indian civilizations, as
well as the lands that the Indo-Aryans fought for and is still the most populous region in India today?
______________________
4. What river is considered holy and capable of purifying a soul by washing in it? _______________
5. What two cities’ ruins have provided information about in the Indus Valley Civilization? __________
6. What religion was begun by Siddhartha Gautama? ______________________________________
7. Which Mauryan ruler conquered almost all of India and then converted to Buddhism? ____________
8. What are some examples of how women were treated as second-class citizens in Ancient India?
9. What was the ultimate goal of Buddhism? ____________________________________________
10. Who were the Indo-Aryans and what were their main contributions?
11. How did Hinduism come to be the main religion of India?
12. Please order : (Aryan Invasion, Mauryan Empire, Gupta Empire, Vedic Age, Mohenjo-Daro)
Ancient China
Important Terms and People to Know
Civil service system
Calligraphy
Leveling
Wu Di
Loess
Gobi Desert
Oracle Bones
Dynastic Cycle
Shi Huang Di
Laozi
CHINA REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. Identify and explain the elements of culture (GRAPES) as they relate to Ancient China.
G
eography
R
eligion/philosophies
A
chievements
P
olitical system
E
conomic system
S
ocial structure
2. Identify and explain the characteristics of civilization as they relate Ancient China.
3. Describe the importance of the Huang He to China? ____________________________________
4. What mountain range forms a natural border with India? _________________________________
5. Which natural barrier in the north separates China from Mongolia? _________________________
6. What was used to foretell the future in Ancient China? __________________________________
7. Founder of Daoism? ____________________________________________________________
8. Explain what patriarchal means and how it applies to Ancient China.
9. How did people gain civil service positions in Ancient China? _______________________________
10. Describe the components/characteristics of Chinese religion during the Shang dynasty.
11. Why was the establishment of agriculture along the Huang He a challenge?
12. How did the Himalayas affect life in China?
13. How did the Chinese expect family life to be organized? _______________________________
14. Explain the main teachings for the four Chinese philosophies:
Buddhism: _______________________________________________________________
Confucianism: _____________________________________________________________
Daoism: __________________________________________________________________
Legalism: _________________________________________________________________
15. How did the dynastic cycle influence the political history of Ancient China?
16. Detail and discuss the main personalities and contributions of the Qin dynasty.
17. How did China’s geography encourage/discourage cultural diffusion?
18. Detail and discuss the main personalities and contributions of the Han dynasty.
19. Chronology - Please order: Han, Shang, Qin, Zhou
Ancient Greece
Important Terms and People to Know
Minoan civilization
Linear A/ Linear B
Olympian gods/goddesses
Solon
Draco
Peisistratus
Pericles
Athens vs. Sparta
Homer
Herodotus
Pericles
Alexander the Great
Philosopher
Olympics
Peninsula – Balkan Peninsula
Cleisthenes
GREECE REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What form of writing was utilized by the Minoans? _____________________________________
2. What contributions did each of these make toward the evolution of Greek Democracy?
Solon
Cleisthenes
Draco
Pericles
Peisistratus
3. Explain the social structure of life in Ancient Sparta. Explain the roles of the equals, the halfcitizens and the helots.
4. Why did the Greeks need to import food from outside of Greece? __________________________
5. Why did the Greeks live in small, isolated city-states? ___________________________________
6. Why did Greece (and Rome) develop into a trading nation? _______________________________
7. What early civilization occupied the island of Crete? ___________________________________
8. What epics are attributed to Homer? _______________________________________________
9. Who was the “father of History”? __________________________________________________
10. Compare and contrast life in Athens and Sparta.
11. What were the main teachings of the great philosophers of Ancient Greece –
Socrates: _________________________________________________________________
Plato: ____________________________________________________________________
Aristotle: _________________________________________________________________
12. Describe the religion of the Ancient Greeks. Who was their main god?
13. What purposes did myths play in the lives of the Ancient Greeks? _________________________
14. How did Pericles help to launch Athens into a “golden age”?
15. Describe how Alexander the Great spread Hellenistic culture throughout much of the known world?
16. How was Ancient Greece an example of a direct democracy? _____________________________
17. Geographically, Rome and Greece are both peninsulas. What is a peninsula? _________________
18. In which city did the people of Greece begin holding athletic games every four years? __________
19. Please order: Alexander the Great conquers Persia, Minoan civilization, Persian Wars, Homeric Age, Peloponnesian War
________________________________________________________________________
Ancient Rome
Important Terms and People to Know
Paterfamilias
First Triumvirate
Pax Romana
Persecution of Christians
Republic
Spartacus
Direct democracy
Constantine
ROME REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. What role did the patricians and the plebeians play in the social structure of Ancient Rome?
2. What type of building projects did the Romans create? What purposes did these new structures
serve? What element of culture does this best relate to?
3. How did the concept of paterfamilias relate to the social structure of Ancient Rome?
4. Describe the rise of Christianity during the period of Ancient Rome.
5. What economic factors led to the fall of Ancient Rome?
6. What did the citizens of the Roman Empire find appealing about Christianity?
7. How did Rome expand as a result of the Punic Wars? ____________________________________
8. Who were the members of the First Triumvirate? _____________________________________
9. How did the early Etruscans affect Roman culture and civilization?
10. Whose teachings were instrumental to the beliefs of Christianity?
11. From the time of Augustus through the death of Marcus Aurelius, there was an extended period of
peace and prosperity. What was this called? ___________________________________________
12. How were early Christians treated in the Roman Empire? _______________________________
13. Describe the effects of Constantine’s rule.
14. How did the Roman gods reflect cultural diffusion from the Greeks? _______________________
15. What new governmental structure was utilized by the Romans? ___________________________
16. Which gladiator lead a massive slave revolt and was later caught and crucified with his followers?
_____________________
17. What geographic obstacles did Hannibal have to overcome to attack Rome?
18. What geographic features helped to protect Rome from invasion? _________________________
19. Chronology? (Please order: Augustus Caesar/Octavian becomes first emperor, Christianity becomes
the official religion, unification of the Roman Republic in Italy, sack and fall of Rome, Rise of the Latins)