Download Chapter 20: The New Frontier and the Great Society

Chapter 20: The New Frontier and the Great Society
Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
Terms and Names:
John F Kennedy
flexible response
Fidel Castro
Berlin Wall
hot line
Limited Test Ban Treaty
•
Kennedy and Nixon were very similar in policy positions
–
Doubts about Kennedy focused on his __________ and _______________ faith
•
–
Would his policies be driven by the Pope or the US People
Strengths centered on his appeal through television and his stance on
civil rights
•
The Kennedy/Nixon debate was the 1st ___________________
presidential debate
•
JFK gained support from African-Americans after he placed a call
to ____________________________________ and had his brother Robert
persuade a judge to set an arrested Martin Luther King free on bail
after an arrest in Atlanta, Georgia.
•
Kennedy’s most urgent task coming in to office was to redefine the nation’s
_____________________________________
•
FLEXIBLE RESPONSE
–
•
To accomplish this Kennedy increased ______________________________ to
increase conventional forces (troops, ships, artillery, etc.)
–
•
Preparing a variety of military responses to international crises rather
than focusing on the use of strictly nuclear warfare
JFK also created the Army Special Forces a.k.a. the _____________________
Changes in Cuba
–
Castro emerges as the leader of Cuba
–
He overthrew dictator ________________________________________
–
Self-pronounced communist friendly with the USSR
1
•
•
•
•
–
Promised to eliminate poverty, inequality, and the dictatorship (bit of a lie)
–
Seized US & British ______________________________
–
Broke up commercial farms (many US owned)
Bay of Pigs- April 17, ____________
–
Cuban exiles trained by the CIA landed at the Bahia de Cochinos to
overthrow Castro
–
No US military support against Cuban troops backed by Soviet tanks and
jets
Cost of a Failed Invasion
–
Failed to remove Castro
–
Loss of world prestige and respect
–
Embarrassment for newly elected JFK
–
$_____ million
Cuban Missile Crisis
–
USSR promises to defend Cuba
–
1962 USSR ships weapons (including nuclear missiles) to Cuba
–
US Threatened all-out attack on USSR if any missiles are launched from
Cuba
Nuclear Deterrence
–
•
•
Idea that both side could annihilate each other, assuring destruction
would prevent each side from launching a 1st strike
Cuban Missile Crisis
–
US set up a ___________________________ to block Soviet ships
–
US gathered 100,000 troops in ______________ ready to invade Cuba
Negotiations
–
US agreed to never invade Cuba
–
US secretly agreed to remove Jupiter missiles from ____________________
–
USSR agreed to remove nuclear missiles and bombers from Cuba
2
•
•
Result of Cuban Missile Crisis
–
Damage to Krushchev (pg 676)
–
Kennedy criticized for practicing ___________________________
–
Kennedy lost Cuba (Cuban-Americans support GOP)
Berlin
–
Berlin was a primary focus of the Cold War and influenced many of the
decisions made during the Cuban Missile Crisis
–
Increased Cold War tension from the construction of the
_____________________________ in Fall 1961
•
The wall was constructed to stop the flow of already 3 million
people from East Berlin to West Berlin
Section 2: The New Frontier
Terms and Names:
New Frontier
mandate
Warren Commission
Alliance for Progress
•
•
•
Peace Corps
Kennedy’s vision for America- New Frontier
–
Push for discovery in space, science, prejudice, poverty, etc.
–
Most efforts by Kennedy blocked by _____________________ and Southern
Democrats in Congress
–
Kennedy had to play it safe because he lacked a ________________________
Economy-1960 America in recession
–
Use deficit spending to stimulate growth (FDR New Deal)
–
Kennedy increased DOD budget by _____%
–
Increased ______________________________ and unemployment insurance
Poverty Abroad
–
Created _______________________________
3
–
Alliance for Progress- economic and technical assistance for Latin
America between 1961-1969
•
•
•
•
•
•
$12 billion in aid to prevent Castro-like situations
Space Race- important dates
–
April 12, 1961- _____________________________ (USSR) 1st man in space
–
July 20, 1969- ______________________________ (US) walks on the moon
Space Race
–
Created federal funding for Research & Development that created new
industries and technologies
–
Also created a huge surge of expansion in university ________ departments
Poverty in the US
–
Kennedy was forced to focus on domestic issues
–
Kennedy’s popularity was dropping so he started to mend fences with
Southern Democrats
Dramatic 4 days in November of 1963
–
11/22/63- ______________, TX: Kennedy fatally shot through neck and head
while in a motorcade with his wife and Governor ________________ of Texas
–
Shots came from ___________________________________________ Depository
–
Lee Harvey Oswald arrested (Palm print on rifle left at scene)
TV made this event unique
–
This was a 9-11 type event that permanently burns a scar in your memory.
You will remember with absolute clarity where you were when you first
heard the news
•
Vice-president Lyndon Baines Johnson sworn in on a plane
•
11/24/63- Lee Harvey Oswald is shot by _____________________________
•
11/25/63- Funeral for JFK is televised
•
Investigation- ______________________ Commission
–
They concluded Oswald acted alone and on his own
4
Section 3: The Great Society
Terms and Names:
Great Society
Economic Opportunity Act
Warren Court
Lyndon Baines Johnson
Medicaid and Medicare
•
–
Idolized FDR & his leadership style
–
Had keen ability to get legislation passed
–
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Kennedy noticed him and felt LBJ compensated for his drawbacks as a
candidate
LBJ’s Domestic Agenda
–
•
reapportionment
LBJ- Lyndon Baines Johnson
•
•
Immigration Act of 1965
February 1964 Congress passed a $10 billion tax cut
•
Stimulated growth (people spent more $)
•
Businesses profited
•
Government tax revenues go up
•
US deficit goes down
November 1964
–
LBJ re-elected defeating ________________________________
•
LBJ’s new agenda… The _____________________________
•
List of Programs pg 690
–
___________________ helped those 65 and over
–
___________________ helped those on welfare
–
_______________________________ became the 1st black cabinet secretary in
US history (Secretary of the HUD)
5