Download Grade 10 Academic Science

Grade 10 Academic Science – BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS PRACTICE EXAM 2012
TERM
YOUR
ANSWER
DEFINITION
1.
Daughter Cell
Three phases (Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis) through which a cell passes as it
grows and divides
2.
Osmosis
A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function
3.
Organelle
A cell structure that performs a specific function in a cell (e.g., nucleus, ribosome)
4.
Artery
The stage of the cells cycle in which the DNA in the nucleus is divided
5.
Capillary
One of two genetically identical new cells that result from the division of a parent cell
6.
Cell Cycle
Cell organelle that is the control centre (i.e., brain) of the cell
7.
Tissue
A thick-walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
8.
Diffusion
A system of one or more organs and structures that work together to perform a major
vital body function (e.g. digestion)
9.
Concentration
Movement of a fluid, usually water, across a membrane towards an area of high
solute concentration
10. Vacuole
Tiny, thin-walled blood vessel that enables the exchange of gases, nutrients and
wastes between the blood and the body tissues
11. Cytoplasm
Process by which energy from glucose is transferred to ATP.
12. Cytokinesis
Cell organelle that stores water, waste and other substances
13. Organ System
Semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the nucleus
14. Guard Cells
Cell organelle that transports materials throughout the cell
15. Stomata
An opening in the surface of a leaf that opens and closes to allow for the exchange of
gases with the atmosphere
16. Nucleus
A layer of tall, tightly-packed cells just below the upper surface of the leaf that contain
chloroplasts responsible for photosynthesis
17. Photosynthesis
Plant organelles that convert sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into energy
18. Cell Theory
Stage in which cytoplasm and other organelles are distributed to the two ends of the
cell, and two new cells are formed.
19. Cuticle
Muscular sac-like organ that (1) churns food in an acid bath to make particles AND
(2) adds water
20. Nuclear Membrane
All living things are made up of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of life and
all cells come from pre-existing cells
21. Vein
A transport mechanism for moving chemicals into or out of the cell from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
22. Mitosis
A blood vessel that returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart
23. Vascular Tissue
System
Small, sac-like organ located by the duodenum that stores and releases bile into the
small intestine
24. Liver
A region of loosely packed cells in the middle of a leaf containing chloroplasts
responsible for photosynthesis
25. Spongy Mesophyll
A pair of specialized cells in the epidermis of the leaf that surround and control the
opening and closing of a stomate
26. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Jelly-like liquid in which the organelles of a cell are suspended
27. Large Intestine
Long tube connecting the mouth and the stomach. It uses rhythmic muscle
movements (called peristalsis) to force food from the throat into the stomach.
28. Cellular Respiration
The amount of a substance (solute) present in a given volume of solution
29. Pancreas
Very long thin tube where nutrients are digested
30. Small Intestine
Mitosis phase where the centromere divides, the sister chromatids separate and
begin traveling toward the poles of the cell, and the spindle fibers shorten
31. Metaphase
Mitosis phase during which the nuclear membrane starts to reappear, the cytoplasm
of the cell starts to divide and chromatids start to enlongage
32. Anaphase
Long tube for water reabsorption in the digestive system
33. Esophagus
The tissues of a plant responsible for conducting materials within a plant
34. Gall Bladder
Layer of cells in a plant that provide protection to other cells
35. Pallisade Mesophyll
Process in plants that uses CO2, H2O and the energy from the Sun to produce energy
in the form of sugar. The process also produces oxygen which is released into the air
36. Epidermis
Wax coating wax that covers the leaf to prevent evaporation of water and keep the
leaf from “drying out.”
37. Stomach
Mitosis phase where the chromosome line-up along the equatorial plane (i.e., middle)
of the cell
38. Chloroplasts
Enzyme-producing gland located below the stomach and above the intestines.
Enzymes help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the small
intestine
39. Active Transport
Movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient
(from low to high concentration that uses chemical energy,
40. Telophase
Large organ that filters toxins from the blood, makes bile (which breaks down fats)
and produces some blood proteins
ANSWERS – BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS PRACTICE EXAM 2012
TERM
YOUR
ANSWER
DEFINITION
1.
Daughter Cell
6
Three phases (Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis) through which a cell passes as it
grows and divides
2.
Osmosis
7
A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function
3.
Organelle
3
A cell structure that performs a specific function in a cell (e.g., nucleus, ribosome)
4.
Artery
22
The stage of the cells cycle in which the DNA in the nucleus is divided
5.
Capillary
1
One of two genetically identical new cells that result from the division of a parent cell
6.
Cell Cycle
16
Cell organelle that is the control centre (i.e., brain) of the cell
7.
Tissue
4
A thick-walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
8.
Diffusion
13
A system of one or more organs and structures that work together to perform a major
vital body function (e.g. digestion)
9.
Concentration
2
Movement of a fluid, usually water, across a membrane towards an area of high
solute concentration
10. Vacuole
5
Tiny, thin-walled blood vessel that enables the exchange of gases, nutrients and
wastes between the blood and the body tissues
11. Cytoplasm
28
Process by which energy from glucose is transferred to ATP.
12. Cytokinesis
10
Cell organelle that stores water, waste and other substances
13. Organ System
20
Semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the nucleus
14. Guard Cells
26
Cell organelle that transports materials throughout the cell
15. Stomata
15
An opening in the surface of a leaf that opens and closes to allow for the exchange of
gases with the atmosphere
16. Nucleus
35
A layer of tall, tightly-packed cells just below the upper surface of the leaf that contain
chloroplasts responsible for photosynthesis
17. Photosynthesis
38
Plant organelles that convert sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into energy
18. Cell Theory
12
Stage in which cytoplasm and other organelles are distributed to the two ends of the
cell, and two new cells are formed.
19. Cuticle
37
Muscular sac-like organ that (1) churns food in an acid bath to make particles AND
(2) adds water
20. Nuclear Membrane
18
All living things are made up of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of life and
all cells come from pre-existing cells
21. Vein
8
A transport mechanism for moving chemicals into or out of the cell from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
22. Mitosis
21
A blood vessel that returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart
23. Vascular Tissue
System
34
Small, sac-like organ located by the duodenum that stores and releases bile into the
small intestine
24. Liver
25
A region of loosely packed cells in the middle of a leaf containing chloroplasts
responsible for photosynthesis
25. Spongy Mesophyll
14
A pair of specialized cells in the epidermis of the leaf that surround and control the
opening and closing of a stomate
26. Endoplasmic Reticulum
11
Jelly-like liquid in which the organelles of a cell are suspended
27. Large Intestine
33
Long tube connecting the mouth and the stomach. It uses rhythmic muscle
movements (called peristalsis) to force food from the throat into the stomach.
28. Cellular Respiration
9
The amount of a substance (solute) present in a given volume of solution
29. Pancreas
30
Very long thin tube where nutrients are digested
30. Small Intestine
32
Mitosis phase where the centromere divides, the sister chromatids separate and
begin traveling toward the poles of the cell, and the spindle fibers shorten
31. Metaphase
40
Mitosis phase during which the nuclear membrane starts to reappear, the cytoplasm
of the cell starts to divide and chromatids start to enlongage
32. Anaphase
27
Long tube for water reabsorption in the digestive system
33. Esophagus
23
The tissues of a plant responsible for conducting materials within a plant
34. Gall Bladder
36
Layer of cells in a plant that provide protection to other cells
35. Pallisade Mesophyll
17
Process in plants that uses CO2, H2O and the energy from the Sun to produce energy
in the form of sugar. The process also produces oxygen which is released into the air
36. Epidermis
19
Wax coating wax that covers the leaf to prevent evaporation of water and keep the
leaf from “drying out.”
37. Stomach
31
Mitosis phase where the chromosome line-up along the equatorial plane (i.e., middle)
of the cell
38. Chloroplasts
29
Enzyme-producing gland located below the stomach and above the intestines.
Enzymes help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the small
intestine
39. Active Transport
39
Movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient
(from low to high concentration that uses chemical energy,
40. Telophase
24
Large organ that filters toxins from the blood, makes bile (which breaks down fats)
and produces some blood proteins