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Name Date Earthquakes ■ Class Adapted Test Earthquakes Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer. ____ 1. Stress that pulls and stretches rock is called a. compression. b. tension. c. shearing. ____ 2. Which type of fault is caused by compression? a. normal fault b. reverse fault c. strike-slip fault ____ 3. A large area of flat land that has been lifted up above sea level is a(an) a. anticline. b. syncline. c. plateau. ____ 4. Seismic waves that move rocks up and down like a wave in a rope are called a. P waves. b. S waves. c. surface waves. ____ 5. Which scale is based on the amount of damage an earthquake does? a. Mercalli scale b. Richter scale c. moment magnitude scale ____ 6. The place inside Earth where an earthquake starts is the a. epicenter. b. focus. c. anticline. ____ 7. When an earthquake occurs, data from one seismograph can tell you a. exactly where the epicenter is. b. how far away the epicenter is. c. in what direction the epicenter is. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 24 Name Date Earthquakes ■ Class Adapted Test ____ 8. A creep meter measures how far the sides of a fault have a. moved in opposite directions. b. slipped up or down. c. tilted, or tipped. ____ 9. Where in the United States is there a high risk of earthquakes? a. along the Pacific coast b. along the Atlantic coast c. in the eastern states ____ 10. A huge ocean wave caused by an earthquake is called a a. surface wave. b. seismic wave. c. tsunami. Read the words in the box. In each sentence below, fill in one of the words. Not all words will be used. anticline compression epicenter syncline liquefaction shearing 11. The stress that pushes rocks in opposite directions is . 12. The stress that causes folding is . 13. The point on the surface directly above the focus of an earthquake is the . 14. A fold in the crust that bends downward into a valley is a(an) . 15. The process in which shaking turns soft soil into mud is . True or False If a statement is true, write true. If it is false, write false. _________ 16. Stress adds energy to rocks. _________ 17. S waves are the fastest seismic waves. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 25 Earthquakes Completion Name Date Earthquakes ■ Class Adapted Test _________ 18. When seismic waves reach a fault, they bounce off the fault. _________ 19. Earthquakes are most likely at faults along the boundary between two plates. _________ 20. One of the causes of earthquake damage is liquefaction. Using Science Skills The drawing below shows a fault. Use the diagram to answer questions 21 and 22. Ri ve all Footw r Fault ing Hang wall Waterfall ____ 21. Inferring Which kind of fault is shown in the drawing? a. normal fault b. reverse fault c. strike-slip fault ____ 22. Applying Concepts Which kind of stress caused the fault? a. compression b. shearing c. tension © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 26 Name Date Earthquakes ■ Class Adapted Test Using Science Skills The table shows when P waves and S waves from the same earthquake arrived at seismographs in three different cities. Use the table to answer questions 23, 24, and 25. Seismographic Data for Three Cities City Time When P Waves Arrived (Eastern Standard Time) Time When S Waves Arrived (Eastern Standard Time) Los Angeles, California 12:01 PM 12:04 PM Chicago, Illinois 12:03 PM 12:07 PM Miami, Florida 12:05 PM 12:10 PM ____ 23. Interpreting Data At which city did the seismic waves arrive first? a. Los Angeles b. Chicago c. Miami ____ 24. Comparing and Contrasting For which city was there the longest time between the arrival of P waves and S waves? a. Chicago b. Miami c. Los Angeles ____ 25. Drawing Conclusions Which city is farthest from the epicenter of the earthquake? a. Chicago b. Miami c. Los Angeles © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 27