Download Weather - Bremen High School District 228

Weather
and
Climate
Name: ________________________________________
Chemistry 2014
Weather and Climate
Weather: “________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________”
Climate: “________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________”
Measuring Weather Conditions
Thermometer = ____________________________
Wind Vane = ______________________________
Rain Guage = _____________________________
Barometer = ______________________________
Anemometer = ____________________________
Clouds = _________________________________
Weather
Occurs in the ___________________________ layer of the Earth’s atmosphere
Air temperature changes with increase or decrease in the atmosphere:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Term Explaining Reason for the Weather
______________________________
Convection is the transfer of __________________, usually in ________________ or __________________
 Since warmed air has more space between the molecules (_________________), it’s
__________________and ________________
 Cooled air is ______________________ (condenses) and tends to ____________
◦
In general, air near the equator tends to rise and air near the poles tends to sink
It is the atmosphere's ____________________________________________________________________
that brings us our changing weather.
Coriolis effect
The coriolis effect is caused by the ____________________ of the Earth, causing air and water to be
deflected to the ______________, ____________ of the equator and to the ________________ in the
southern hemisphere. This effect results in a “____________________________________________”
Most of our weather in the United states comes from the ___________________________________, which
means our weather comes from the ________________.
REVIEW
1. Weather occurs in the _____ layer of the atmosphere.
________________________________________
2. Transfer of heat in liquids or gases is_____
________________________________________
3. _____ air is dense and tends to sink.
________________________________________
4. Cold air holds _____ moisture than warm air
_________________________________________
5. The Coriolis effect causes the air and water to be
deflected to the _____ of the equator
_________________________________________
Air Pressure
Pressure depends on the amount of air above the measuring point and falls as you go higher
 air pressure changes with weather
Air in a high pressure area ____________________________and _____________ as it descends (drops)
 the warming inhibits the formation of clouds, meaning the sky is normally sunny in high-pressure
areas; _______________________________________ might form
 the opposite occurs in an area of low pressure
High Pressure Areas
 When cooler air sinks and is warmed, the air ____________________________________________
 This usually means ________________________________________
 ____________________ tend to move ____________________________ around a high
Low Pressure Areas
 When warm air rises and is cooled, the air ________________________________________________
 Often, these areas are associated with ____________________________________________ weather
 __________________tend to move _______________________________ around the low
Fronts and Air Masses
 An air mass is a ________________________________________ whose temperature and moisture
are __________________________ at a given_____________________
 (continental polar) : cold, dry stable
 (continental tropical) : hot, dry, stable air aloft, unstable at the surface
 (maritime polar) : cool, moist, unstable
 (maritime tropical) : warm, moist, unstable
 Fronts are ______________________________________________________________
 Warm Front
: displaces ______________________
: usually ________moving
 Cold Front
: advances to are of ___________________________
: intensity of precipitation ____________, but _______
: usually approaches from ______________
 Stationary Front
: surface positions of the front ____________________
: often a region of _____________
 Occluded Front
: __________ front overtakes _________ front
: often found close to _____________________ center
REVIEW
1. Winds in a low pressure system move _____ around the low.
2. What type of front can be found close to point D ?
3. Which of these fronts would you expect to have greater precipitation, but be short lived as the front
passes?
4. Give the name of the air mass that would have the following characteristics:
cool, moist, unstable
5. That important weather word that refers to the transfer of heat.
6. This causes air and water to be deflected to the right, north of the equator.
7. Which of the weather highways usually controls our weather?
8. Warm air holds ( more or less ) moisture than cold air?
9. If there is a big H on the weather map where you live, would you expect fair or stormy weather?
10. Generally, what happens to air near the equator and air near the poles?
Bonus: What is wind?
Clouds
Cloud Formation
•
•
•
•
Rising Air
Lifted Condensation Level / Dew Point
Condensation Nuclei
-Small droplets in the atmosphere around which cloud droplets can form
Clouds form from millions of droplets
Precipitation
•
•
Coalescence
– ___________________________________________________________________________
Precipitation
– ___________________________________________________________________________
SEVERE WEATHER
A. Thunderstorms
a. Can produce some of the most ______________ weather on Earth
b. May have ____________, ___________________, __________________, thunder, rain and
tornadoes
c. Supercells = self-sustaining, ________________________________ storms with intense,
_____________________ updrafts
d. Can last for ____________________ with updrafts up to ________________
e. _______% of storms are considered severe
f. Most air ____________ due to frontal zone lifting, causing _____________________ leading
to _______________ clouds with updrafts
g. Severe thunderstorms occur when _____________________ approaches _________________
B. Lightening
a. Electricity caused by rapid rush of air into a ___________________________________ cloud
b. Friction between updrafts and downdrafts separate _________________________
c. Positive atoms at the _________ of the cloud
d. Negative atoms at the ________________ of the cloud
e. Transfer of energy in form of ______________, _____________________, ________________
f. Lightening strike has about ____________ volts of energy
g. ___________ times hotter than the sun
C. Tornadoes
a. A ____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b. Wind speeds can reach __________________________
c. Center of tornado is extreme ___________________________ which causes buildings to
implode
d. Tornado alley is from _______________________ to ________________________
e. Tornado Formation
i. A change in _______________________ and ___________________ creates a
horizontal rotation
ii. Strong _______________________ tilt the rotating air from horizontal to
______________
iii. A tornado forms within the rotating winds
iv. Path unpredictable = storm chasers
v. Fugi Scale
1. F0 = _______________________________________________________
2. F1 = _______________________________________________________
3. F3 = _______________________________________________________
4. F4 = _______________________________________________________
5. F5 = _______________________________________________________
D. Hurricanes
a. Cause most ___________________________ and loss of ___________________
b. Wind speeds greater than _________________ at the center
c. Begin over warm oceans of tropics
d. Solar Insolation ( water temp over 80 F) provides energy for huge ____________________,
cloud formation, and _____________________________ lifting
e. Stages of hurricane formation
i. Separate _________________________ over tropical oceans
ii. ___________________________ which causes them to pick up more ______________
and _____________________ energy from ocean
iii. Wind speeds of _____________________________________ lead to Tropical
Depression
iv. Tropical Storms have lower pressure and higher wind speeds (___________________)
f. Rainfall may exceed ________________ in __________________
g. Path can be watched and measured to predict path and when will arrive over land
E. Other Weather Phenomenon
a. ________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________________________
d. ________________________________________________________________________
e. ________________________________________________________________________