Download Major ideas to consider: Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis

Major ideas to consider: Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Purpose: to use oxygen to break apart glucose to Purpose: to capture energy from sunlight and store release stored energy (ATP) it in glucose molecules Occurs in plants and animals Occurs in plants 6 O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP Sun Energy + 6CO2 + 6 H2O  6 O2 + C6H12O6 Ingredients: Oxygen and Glucose Ingredients: Carbon Dioxide, Water Waste: Carbon Dioxide, Water Waste: Oxygen Product: ATP Product: Glucose Ingredients get into cell through passive transport Ingredients get into cell through passive transport and waste leaves the cell through passive transport and waste leaves the cell through passive transport Surface Area Definition: the area of the outside surface of a 3D object The important materials for life pass into cells through their membranes. If there is more membrane space then there is more room for these important materials to pass into the cell, meaning that the cell can get more important materials. Similarly, the cell must also get rid of waste through the membrane. More surface area means more membrane, which means that more waste can exit the cell, because there is more room. Surface area is increased with folds, wrinkles, bumps, layers, and curves. This allows more membrane to be exposed without increasing the volume of an organ/organelle. Example: Fish gills increase surface area with gill filaments, lamellae, and gill layers. The more surface area on a gill means more oxygen can get into the blood stream and more carbon dioxide can get out. This is important, because oxygen is an ingredient for cellular respiration and carbon dioxide is a waste product of cellular respiration. More ingredients, means more cellular respiration, which means more energy – yay! More cellular respiration also means more waste, but because there is a big gill SA, the fish can get rid of it quickly – yay! Diffusion When small, uncharged molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This is “moving down the concentration gradient.” Passive Transport: no energy is required. It happens, because molecules are always moving and bump into each other when tightly packed together. Eventually they spread out into less concentrated areas, because they are pushed away. Sexual Reproduction, Natural Selection, Evolution Sexual reproduction is when 2 organisms combine their DNA to produce offspring. The offspring from sexual reproduction are genetically unique from their parents and siblings. Natural Selection is when one organism has a trait (based on genes) that makes it more likely to survive. Since it survives, it reproduces and passes down the helpful trait – adaptation. Organisms that do not have the trait do not survive to reproduce, so the helpful trait becomes more frequent in a population, because only those that have it are reproducing. -­‐Natural Selection can happen in 1 generation -­‐Natural Selection can happen to 1 individual Evolution is the gradual change in species over time. Thanks to Natural Selection, organisms that have a helpful trait are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass down that trait to their offspring. Organisms that do not have the trait do not survive to reproduce, so the helpful trait becomes more frequent in a population, because only those that have it are reproducing. When the helpful trait exists in the majority of the species, then evolution has happened – the species as a whole has changed rather than just 1 individual. -­‐Evolution happens over MANY generations and a LONG time -­‐Evolution happens to a whole population of a species Sexual Reproduction causes Natural Selection, which then causes Evolution, because sexual reproduction continually produces new combinations of genes. Some of these genes make an organism more likely to survive and pass down that trait to its offspring (natural selection). When the trait is present in the majority of the organisms in a species, evolution has occurred.