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Avenor/Noranda Forest Watershed Research Centre: New Brunswick Wetland Classification Your Environmental Trust Fund at Work Maureen Toner Vince Zelazny Paul A. Arp CNB Faculty of Forestry and Env. Mgt. UNB Fredericton, NB NB Wetland Classification: based on NB Ecological Land Classification, byEcoregions 1 Highlands- coolest, wettest 2 3 2 Northern Uplands- cool, intermediate 1 3 Central Uplands- cool, wet 6 5 4 Fundy Coast- cool, wet 7 5 4 3 5 Valley Lowlands - warm, dry 6 Eastern Lowlands - warm, driest 7 Grand Lake Lowlands - warmest, dry Canadian Wetland Classification recognizes: bogs, fens, swamps, marshes, shallow open water. Mineral wetlands: swamps, marshes, shallow open water Peatlands: bogs, fens VZ VZ SC Salt marshes SC More on bogs…. …they vary in genesis, surface morphology, diversity. VZ CNB East Coast in depressions, abundant lichens. Inland, old drainage channels, low diversity, abundant shrubs. VZ Fundy Coast in deep depressions. abundant lichens (front), large scirpus lawns (back) Inland complex with abundant pools SC SC Mineral wetlands receive seepage water. Often, there is zonation via three wetland classes. Swamp (treed), with short flooding duration. Marsh (herbaceous), with permanent to seasonal flooding. VZ Shallow open water, with flooding for most of the growing season. In areas of continuous disturbance (waves, currents and scour), wetland species have reduced leaves (reeds) and other adaptations. Reeds Leafier emergents Shrubs MM Bogs and fens are wetlands where organic matter is deeper than 40 cm, drainage is slow , there a little fluctuation in water levels, substrate is acidic, and climate is cool and moist. Juniper Barrens VZ Bogs receive nutrients only from atmosphere. Plants are generally dwarfed and slow growing, most are evergreen. Insectivorous plants are common. Pitcherplant, insectivorous Leatherleaf, a common shrub SC PAA SC SC SC More Bog plants Labrador tea Arethusa bulbosa Dragon's Mouth (orchid) SC SC NB distribution of major wetland type 1 Highlands 2 3 2 Northern Uplands 1 3 Central Uplands 6 5 5 Valley Lowlands 7 5 peatland shrub swamp open water or marsh mixed representation 4 Fundy Coast 4 3 6 Eastern Lowlands 7 Grand Lake Lowlands Name this wetland……….. Salt marsh Coastal wetland near Miscou SC Inland wetland Bog pond MM ….name that Wetland (encore…..) Shrub swamp, common in Highlands Raised Bog, lowland ecoregions CNB SC VZ Silver maple swamp, Grand Lake Lowlands Inside a Bog Photo credits: S. Clayden of New Brunswick Museum (SC) Communications New Brunswick (CNB) M. Marshall (MM) V. Zelazny (VZ), NBDNRE The End