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GEL/ESP 116 Fall 2000 Midterm Version 2
ANSWER KEY
Multiple Choice Questions: 2.5 points each (Answers in Bold)
0.
1.
What are the relative densities of the atmosphere, sea water, and fresh
water?
A. The atmosphere is most dense, seawater is intermediate, and fresh
water is least dense.
B. The atmosphere is most dense, fresh water is intermediate, and
seawater is least dense.
C. The atmosphere is least dense, seawater is intermediate, and fresh
water is most dense.
D. The atmosphere is least dense, fresh water is intermediate, and
seawater is most dense.
Which of the following are true about the relative densities of the earth’s
core, oceanic crust, earth’s mantle, continental crust?
2.
The earth’s core is most dense.
A. yes
B.
no
3.
Oceanic crust and continental crust have the same density.
A. yes
B. n o
4.
Cold, old oceanic crust is denser than hot mantle.
B. no
A. yes
Which of the following are true about mantle convection?
5.
Less dense areas of the mantle rise
A. yes
B.
no
6.
Areas of the mantle become less dense when they become hotter.
B. no
A. yes
7.
Mantle convection drives plate tectonics at the surface of the earth.
B. n o
A. yes
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Answer the following three questions using this diagram:
8.
New oceanic crust is forming at point
A. 1
9.
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 6
Oceanic crust is sinking into the mantle at point
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
D. 5
E. 6
10. Mantle material is rising at point
A. 1
B. 3
C. 4
In which of the following tectonic settings do volcanoes form?
11. Mid-ocean ridges
A. yes
B.
no
12. Above hot spots
A. yes
B.
no
13. At continent-continent collisions
A. yes
B.
no
14. Above subduction zones
A. yes
B.
no
15. On average, how deep is the ocean floor?
A. 1-1,000 meters
C.
D.
B.
100-3,000 meters
2,000-8,000 meters
5,000-12,000 meters
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16. Is younger sea floor deeper or shallower than the older sea floor in the
same ocean?
B. shallower
A. deeper
Continental crust forms land regions above sea level because:
17. it is thicker
A. yes
B.
no
18. it is more dense
A. yes
B.
no
19. there is not enough water on the surface of the earth to cover the
continents
A. yes
B. no
For the next 7 questions, refer to the topography map on the overhead:
20. A hot spot is located at
A. Site 1
B. Site 2
C. Site 3
D. Site 4
E. Site 5
21. Subduction zones are located at
A. Sites 1 and 3
B. Sites 2 and 12
C. Sites 3 and 6
D. Sites 4 and 5
E. Sites 10 and 12
22. Mid-ocean ridges are located at
A. Sites 1 and 3
B. Sites 2 and 12
C. Sites 3 and 6
D. Sites 4 and 5
E. Sites 10 and 12
23. Two continents are colliding at
A. Site 2
B. Site 7
C. Site 8
D. Site 9
E. Site 10
24. A continent is rifting apart at
A. Site 7
B. Site 8
C. Site 9
D. Site 10
E. Site 12
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25. A continental shelf is located at
A. Site 7
B. Site 8
C. Site 9
D. Site 10
E. Site 12
26. A continental slope is located at
A. Site 7
B. Site 8
C. Site 10
D. Site 11
E. Site 12
Which of the following factors influence sea level?
27. The amount of water stored in glaciers
A. yes
B.
no
28. The number and size of ice bergs
A. yes
B.
no
29. The average temperature of the oceans
A. yes
B.
no
30. The average age of oceanic crust
A. yes
B.
no
31. What are three theories for the origin of water on earth?
A. Water came from 1) meteorites or 2) comets early in earth history or
may be 3) coming from small comets now.
B. Water came from 1) meteorites or 2) the moon early in earth history
or 3) may be coming from small comets now.
C. Water came from 1) meteorites or 2) comets early in earth history or
3) may be coming from meteorites now.
D. Water came from 1) comets or 2) the moon early in earth history or 3)
may be coming from small comets now.
32. What is required for water to remain liquid on earth?
A. life, oxygen, and heat from the sun
B. oxygen, greenhouse gases (CO2), and heat from the sun
C. active tectonic processes, greenhouse gases (CO2), and heat from the
sun
D. active tectonic processes, oxygen and greenhouse gases (CO2)
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33. Which of the following is essential for life to exist on earth?
A. oxygen in the atmosphere
D. the moon
B. presence of liquid water
E. argon in the atmosphere
C. presence of dry land
34. What is the minimum length of time that life has been present on earth?
D. 3.8 billion years
A. 3,800 years
E. 380 billion years
B. 380 thousand years
C. 380 million years
35. Where does almost all of the oxygen in the atmosphere come from?
A. the active tectonic cycle
B. reactions in the atmosphere
C. photosynthesis in plants, algae and bacteria
D. it is left over from initial formation of the earth
E. consumption of organic carbon by animals
36. Which of the following correctly shows the shape of and charge
distribution on a water molecule? B is the right answer
Hydrogen bonds are important because:
37. They increase high latent heat for evaporation in water.
A. yes
B. no
38. They decrease the latent heat for freezing in water.
B. no
A. yes
39. They cause water to boil rapidly.
A. yes
B.
no
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40. They increase the ability of water to dissolve salts.
B. no
A. yes
Which of the following are true (or false) statements about heat and
temperature?
41. Heat depends on the number of molecules present and how fast the
molecules are vibrating.
A. true
B. false
42. Heat depends only on the number of molecules present.
B. false
A. true
43. Temperature depends only on the number of molecules present.
A. true
B. false
Which of the following are true about the latent heat of
evaporation/condensation and thawing/freezing in water?
44. The latent heat of evaporation/condensation is larger than the latent heat
of thawing/freezing
A. yes
B. no
45. The difference in latent heat of evaporation/condensation and
thawing/freezing is due to the different number of hydrogen bonds that
are broken or made in each process.
A. yes
B. no
46. The difference in the latent heat of evaporation/condensation and
thawing/freezing is due to a change in angle between H atoms in the
water molecule.
B. no
A. yes
47. Heat absorbed when water evaporates.
A. yes
B.
no
48. Heat is released when ice melts.
A. yes
B.
no
49. How do the relative densities of ice, fresh water at 1°C and fresh water at
4°C compare? no correct answer
A. They have the same density
B. Freshwater at 1°C is more dense
C. Freshwater at 4°C is less dense
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50. The density of ice is less than the density of water because
A. The water molecules are more tightly bound.
B. Ice has fewer hydrogen bonds.
C. The angle between H atoms in the water molecule has to increase so
each water molecule takes up more space.
D. The density of ice is actually greater than the density of water.
E. None of the above
How do each of the following processes affect salinity?
51. evaporation
A. increases salinity
B. decreases salinity
C.
has no effect on salinity
52. river inflow
A. increases salinity
B. decreases salinity
C.
has no effect on salinity
53. temperature increase
A. increases salinity
B. decreases salinity
C.
has no effect on salinity
54. formation of ice from seawater
A. increases salinity
B. decreases salinity
C.
has no effect on salinity
Where on earth do each of the following processes occur? (Refer to the
salinity map on the overhead projector for the next four questions.)
55. Evaporation is influencing salinity at
A. Site 1
B. Site 2
C. Site 3
D. Site 4
E. Does not affect salinity
anywhere in the oceans.
56. River inflow is influencing salinity at
A. Site 1
B. Site 2
C. Site 3
D. Site 4
E. Does not affect salinity
anywhere in the oceans.
57. Temperature is influencing salinity at
A. Site 1
B. Site 2
C. Site 3
D. Site 4
E. Does not affect salinity
anywhere in the oceans.
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58. Freezing or melting of ice influences salinity depending on the season at
D. Site 4
A. Site 1
E. Does not affect salinity
B. Site 2
anywhere in the oceans.
C. Site 3
59. Why are the oceans warmer near the equators than near the poles?
A. Warmer water is less dense so it flows to the equator.
B. Warm water rises near the equator.
C. More sunlight is absorbed near the equator.
D. More heat is lost at the equator.
60. How does temperature affect the amount of gas dissolved in sea water?
A. Warm water can dissolve more gases
B. Cold water can dissolve more gases
C. More life lives in warm water so there are more dissolved gases of all
types.
61. How does photosynthetic life influence the amounts of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in sea water?
A. Photosynthesis increases the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and
decreases the amount of oxygen (O2).
B. Photosynthesis increases the amount of oxygen (O2) and decreases the
amount of carbon dioxide (CO2).
C. Has no effect on the amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen
(O2).
Which of the following factors affect sea water density?
62. Salinity of sea water.
A. yes
B.
no
63. Temperature of sea water.
A. yes
B.
no
64. The latitude the sea water is at.
A. yes
B.
no
65. The color of sea water.
A. yes
B.
no
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Rank the following three processes in terms of the amount of heat each
transfers from the oceans to the atmosphere:
66. evaporation of sea water
A. transfers the most heat
B. transfers some heat
C. does not transfer heat
67. absorption of sunlight
A. transfers the most heat
B. transfers some heat
C. does not transfer heat
68. radiation of heat by the oceans
A. transfers the most heat
B. transfers some heat
C. does not transfer heat
69. Do the atmosphere and/or oceans transport heat from the equator to the
poles or from the poles to the equator?
C. neither
A. equator to poles
B. poles to equator
The greenhouse effect is caused by which of the following gases?
70. Oxygen (O2)
A. yes
B.
no
71. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
A. yes
B.
no
72. Water (H2O)
A. yes
B.
no
How do clouds affect the earth’s heat balance?
73. Clouds reflect sunlight which tends to cool the surface of the earth.
A. yes
B. no
74. Clouds absorb heat energy which tends to warm the surface of the earth.
A. yes
B. no
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75. More clouds will always decrease the earth’s surface temperature.
B. no
A. yes
76. Air
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
pressure depends on which of the following factors?
the number of molecules present
the volume the molecules occupy
the temperature of the molecules
All of the above
None of the above
77. Which has a higher density, 1 cm3 of N2 gas at 1 atm pressure or 1 cm3 of
H20 vapor at 1 atm pressure? Both are at 25°C.
A. N2
B. H2O vapor
C. Both are the same
When water condenses from the atmosphere, what happens to the latent
heat?
78. It cools off the surrounding atmosphere.
B.
A. yes
no
79. It causes wind.
A. yes
no
B.
Rainfall occurs when:
80. warm air descends
A. yes
B. no
81. cold air descends
A. yes
B. no
82. air with water vapor descends
A. yes
B. no
83. Which of the following is true of the Coriolis Effect?
A. The Coriolis Effect has no influence on wind directions.
B. The Coriolis Effect causes winds to circulate counter clockwise in the
northern hemisphere.
C. The Coriolis Effect causes winds to circulate clockwise in the northern
hemisphere.
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Which of the following are true about the monsoons over India and
Bangladesh?
84. The size of Asia and the height of the Himalaya Mountains decrease the
strength of the monsoons.
B. no
A. yes
85. Warm waters in the Indian ocean provide abundant water vapor for the
monsoons.
A. yes
B. no
86. Do monsoon rains occur in the late summer or late winter?
C. either
A. late summer
B. late winter
D. depends on El Niño
Which of the following statements are accurate about hurricanes?
87. The temperature of the surface oceans under a hurricane has no effect on
how strong it is and how much rain it produces.
B. no
A. yes
88. Hurricane Mitch was devastating to Honduras because large amounts of
condensing water in the hurricane made it exceptionally strong (category
5) and produced feet of rain fall.
A. yes
B. no