Download History - Uday Pre-University Belgaum

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEAN TO INDIA
I]
1) Where did the Portuguese establish their trading centers?
Ans:
They established their footholds in Goa, Diu and Daman in Gujarat. Salsette and
Bassein near Bombay in Maharashtra San Thome near madras and Hughly
(Hooghly) in Bengal.
2) How did the English Secure Arcot in the Second Carnatic war?
Ans:
On the advice of Robert Clive a young clerk in the service of the English East
India Company, they attacked and captured Arcot.
3) Mention the three trading centers of the English in India?
Ans: Ahmedabad, Broach and Agra were the three trading centers of the English in
India.
4) Why did the English dethrone Mir Kasim?
Ans:
The company officials used to sell the Dastaks (free passes) given to the
company to Indian merchants and also used them for their own private trade.
This resulted in the decline of the state‟s income. Mir Kasim opposed this.
5) What does dual government mean? Who introduce it?
Ans:
According to this system, the company collected the revenue and the Nawab
looked after the overall administration and also the administration of justice.
Robert clive introduced it.
6) Who fought the battle of Plassey? What were its results?
Ans:
It was fought between Siraj-ud-Daula the Nawab of Bengal and the English
army led by Robert Clive.
Results are
1) Siraj-ud-Daula was killed Mir Jafar became the Nawab of Bengal
2) The English secured the Zamindari rights over the Twenty four Pargana
region in Bengal and got a firm footing in Bengal
Page 1 of 34
II]
1) Give reasons for the decline of the French in India?
Ans:
1) The French neglected trade and concentrated on politics as a result they were
always short of resources required for the wars.
2) The French did not secure complete support from their home government on
account of political turmoil.
3) The French company was more or less a government company
4) The English navy was superior to the French navy both in terms of leadership
and equipment.
5) The French officers on the other hand quarreled among themselves and were
unco-operative with each other
6) Dupleix was shrewd and ambitious but Robert Clive was a better judge of
circumstances and unorthodox in his approach towards war and politics.
2) What were the causes and the course of the Battle of Plassey?
Ans:
Causes:
1) The English who were authorized to issue Dastaks were misused by the
officials which proved to be a financial loss to the Nawab of Bengal
2) Siraj-ud-Dual the Nawab of Bengal angered many within his administration
on account of his autocratic ways.
3) The English had given shelter to some o the subjects like Krishna Ballabh
son of Rai Ballabh in fort Wiiliam of Culcutta. Hence they incurred the
displeasure of the Nawab.
Courses:
1) The company tried to fortify their factory at Calcutta without the permission
of the Nawab
2) The Nawab was engaged and he captured Kasim Bazaar and Fort William
from the English (1756 AD). This shocked the English.
3) Explain the events leading to the battle of Buxar and mention its results
Ans:
1) Mir Kasim fulfilled the demands of the English but asserted his legal rights
as the Nawab and refused to remain a puppet in the hands of the English.
2) The Company officials used to sell the Dastak (free passes) given to the
company to Indian merchants and also used them for their own private trade.
3) This resulted in the decline of the state‟s income. Mir Kasim opposed this the
company dethroned Mir Kasim and brought back Mir Jafar as the Nawab.
Results:
1) But Mir Kasim aligned himself with the Nawab of Avadh, Shiraj-ud-Daulah
and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam-II
2) They Challenged the English at Buxar (1764 AD) and the English
commander Hector Munro defeated the combined army.
3) This helped the English to secure the region of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
Page 2 of 34
THE BRITISH AND FRENCH SETTLEMENT IN INDIA
CHANDRANAGAR
1
(F)
CALCUTTA
(E)
VISHAKPATNAM
(E)
MADRAS
(E)
PONDICHERY
(F)
CALICUT
(E)
BOMBAY
(E)
Page 3 of 34
MYSORE STATE AND THE BRITISH
I] Fill in the blanks:
1) The Dasara Festival was started in Mysore by Raja Wodeyar
2) The founders of the Wodeyar Dynasty hailed from Dwaraka
3) The ruler who got the stone Nandi carved at the Chamundi hill was
Doddadevaraja
4) Chikkadevaraja Binnapam is addressed to Deity at Melukote
II] Answer the following in three or four sentences
1) What were the political achievements of Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar?
Ans:
1) He conquered Tumkur, Hoskote and parts of Salem districts
2) He then conquered Banavara, Vastare and Chikkamagalur from the Keladi
rulers.
3) Later Magadi, Madhugiri and Konatagere also came under his control.
4) Chikadevaraja courted the friendhip of Aurangazeb and secured Bangalore
on lease from him and the izara (rent) was paid in return to the Mughals
regularly.
2) What were the terms of the Treaty of Madras?
Ans:
1) The English and Haider Ali signed the Treaty of Madrs in 1769 AD and
agreed to return the territorial‟s they had captured from each other.
2) The English promised to assist Haider Ali if attacked by his enemies.
3) Trace the course of the second Anglo Mysore war.
Ans:
1) Haider Ali fought alone against the Marathas
2) In 1780 AD the English conquered Mahe from the French
3) Haider Ali allied him with the French but the English commander, Sir. Eyre
Coote, defeated Haider Ali at the battle of Solignur in 1781 A.D
4) Why did the British declare war on Tippu in 1799 AD?
Ans:
1) He fortified his capital and continued his negations with the French, the Amir
of Afganistan and the Sultan of Turkey.
2) The French helped him in training his army. This enraged the English who
declared war on Tippu.
5) What were the terms of the Treaty of Mangalore?
Ans:
1) Tippu retained the coastal regions of Mangalore and Malabar
2) The treaty also stressed that they should not join hands with their respective
enemies.
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III] Answer the following
1) Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar was an able administration and patron of art and
literature. Justify the statement.
Ans:
1) Having assumed the title „Karnataka Chakravarthy‟, Chikkadevaraja
recognized administration efficiently and started 18 departments called
„Atharakacheri‟
2) To have a regular system of exchanging department messages, he started the
postal department called „Anche‟
3) He collected taxes regularly and also enforced economy in the
administration. The huge reserve funds he accumulated in the treasury qualified
and him.
4) He got constructed two canals named after Doddadevaraja and
Chikkadevaraja and helped in the expansion of irrigation facilities.
5) He constructed temples at Bangalore, Mysore and Gundlupet.
6) He himself was a poet and has written a Kannada poem „Chikkadevaraja
Binnapam‟ in praise of the deity at Melukote.
7) Cheluvanarayana, Singararya, Chikkupadhyana and Sanchi Honnamma
(work: Hadibadeya Dharma) were Kannada poets in his court.
2) What are the causes of the First Anglo Mysore war?
Ans: 1) The Nizam attached Mysore with the help of the English but failed to defeat
Haider Ali.
2) The Nizam and Haider Ali attached the English at Tiruchinapalli. The
English planned to retaliate by attacking Hyderabad.
3) The Nizam was alarmed by these developments, deserted Haider Ali and
once again joined the English.
3) What were the causes and results of the Third Anglo-Mysore war/
Ans:
Causes
1) Tippu tried to secure help from the French
2) He also sent emissaries to the royal courts of Turkey, Afghanistan and
Persia
3) Tippu attacked the Raja of Travancore in 1789 AD who was an English ally.
The English invaded Tippu‟s territory.
Results
1) He surrendered half the territory to the enemies, which was shared by the
allies.
2) Tippu had to pay heavy war indemnity
3) He also surrendered his two sons as hostages to the English
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4) Narrate the causes and results of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore war/
Ans:
Causes
1) Tippu fortified his capital and continued his negotiations with the French the
Amir of Afghanistan and the Sultan of Turkey
2) The French helped him in training his army. This enraged the English who
declared war on Tippu.
Results
1) The English surrounded his capital from all the four sides. Tippu died
fighting at Srirangapattana in 1799 AD.
2) Mysore was partitioned between the Nizam and the English.
3) The remaining parts of his territory of the original family of the Mysore
Wodeyars.
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ENGLISH RULE
IN INDIA
1) State the causes and results of the First Anglo Maratha War?
Ans:
Causes:
1) Peshwa Madhavrao was succeeded by his brother Narayanarao in 1772 AD
2) But his uncle Raghunathrao (Raghoba) Was ambitious and got Narayanrao
murdered
3) In 1775 AD he concluded the Treaty of Surat with the English Government
at Bombay and agreed to surrender Salsette and Bassein for their support
4) The Maratha leaders were enraged at this and they exiled him from the
territory
5) The Governor General Warren Hastings did not recognize the Surat Treaty
6) Warren Hastings entered into the Treaty of Puranshar with Nana Phadnavis
in 1776 AD. This recognized the new Peshwa.
7) But the Bombay Government gave shelter to Raghoba. The Board of
Directors in England recognized the Surat Treaty of 1775.
Results:
1) The Marathas, the Nizam and Haider Ali formed an alliance against the
English
2) But this Alliance faced defeat and the Marathas were forced to sign the
Treaty of Salbai in 1782 AD
3) Madhayrao II was recognized as the Peshwa and Raghoba was pensioned
off
2) Outline the causes of the Third Anglo Maratha War?
Ans:
The second Anglo Maratha war left the Maratha leaders dissatisfied. This made
Bajirao II attak the English Residency at Poona and was defeated.
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3) Why is Ranjith Singh described as is famous ruler of the Sikhs?
Ans: 1) Renowned as the „Lion of Punjab‟ Ranjit Singh was the famous ruler of the
Sikhs
2) He had become the chief of the Sukarchakia of the Sikhs at the age of 12
3) When Zaman Shah of Kabul invaded India, Ranjit Singh helped him and
secured Lahore in return in 1798 AD and became its ruler.
4) The secured Amritsar in 1802 AD and Ludhiana in 1806 AD
5) He maintained friendly relations with the English but retained his territory
without their interference.
4) What were the causes and results of the first Anglo-Sikh War?
Ans:
Causes:
1) The army of the Sikh Community the „Khalasa; was won over by Lal Singh,
and in 1845 AD he declared war against the English
Results:
1) The Lahore treaty was signed between the Sikhs and the English
2) The Sikhs gave up the territory between the Ravi and the Sutlej rivers.
3) Kashmir was handed over to Gulab Singh in return for Rs. 75 lakhs
5) What were the causes of the Second Anglo Sikh War?
Ans:
1) Though the whole of Panjab came under the control of the British in the first
Anglo Sikh war, they did not rule over the whole territory.
2) Dulip Singh himself was asked to administer the territory
3) They kept a section of their army in Punjab and asked the prince himself to
regulate it. This made the Sikh leaders in the Khalsa army unhappy
6) Why did the British take over the administration from Krishnaraja Wodeyar III?
Ans:
1) In 1830 AD the Zamindars of Nagar revolted against the Maharaja and
refused to pay taxes. The Maharaja was able to suppress the revolt.
2) But the Zamindars individually began to trouble the administration
3) The English took over the administration in 1831 AD and appointed
administrators called commissioners to administer the State.
7) What are the achievements of Dewan Rangacharlu and Sheshaderi Iyer?
Ans:
Dewan Rangacharlu established the Mysore Representative Assembly (1881
AD) and inaugurated the Bangalore-Mysore Railway line (1882 AD)
Dewan K Sheshadri Iyer (1883 AD-1902 AD) started the competitive
examination for the recruitment of government servants. He also started hydro
electric power production at the Shivansamudra Falls in 1902 AD which was
the first major venture of its kind in Asia.
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8) Why Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV is called the maker of Modern Mysore State?
Ans:
1) He assumed personal power in 1902 AD. During his time the Marikanive
irrigation project was undertaken, Gold mining at the Kolar Goldfields was
started and the streets of Bangalore.
2) The Maharaja was assisted by able Dewans like P.N.Krishnamurthy,
V.P.Madhav Rao, Sir. M. Vishveshwarayya and Sir. Mirza M Ismail.
3) As Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV was a patron of learning and education he
abolished the fees at the Government Primary Schools. He also encouraged
cottage industries.
4) The Indian Institute of Science was started in Bangalore in 1911 AD
5) Mysore developed as a „Model Princely State‟ during the days of Krishnaraja
Wodeyar IV. He gave patronage to music, literature and fine arts.
6) During his rule Mysore made great progress. Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV is
called the „Maker of the Moder Mysore State‟.
9) What are the contributions of Dewan Visgveswarayya to Mysore State/
Ans: 1) Sir. M. Vishveshwarayya is remembered by the people for his developmental
works.
2) He paid attention to the development of irrigation, industry trade and
commerce.
3) He started the Iron Works at Bhadravati, Government Soap Factory, Sandal
Oil Factory and the Mysore Bank.
4) The Mysore University (1916 AD) and the Chamarajendra Technological
Institute at Mysore, the Engineering College at Bangalore and the Agricultural
College at Hebbal were started during his time.
10) What are the contributions of Sir. Mirza M Ismail to Mysore/
Ans:
Dewan Sir. Mirza M Ismail (1926 AD-1941AD) founded the cement and paper
factory at Bhadravati and the Sugar factory at Mandya. He got completed the
Kannambadi dam.
Page 8 of 34
THE FIRST WAR OF INDIAN INDEPENDENCE 1857 AD
I] Fill in the blanks:
1) British Historian have described the revolt of 1857 as Sepoy Mutiny
2) The Doctrine of Lapse war introduced by Dalhonsile
3) The revolt in Kanpur was led by Nana Saheb
4) The bravest of all the mutineers was Rani Lakshmibai
II] Answer the following:
1) What were the effects of the Doctrine of Lapse?
Ans:
1) Dalhousie annexed Satara, Jhansi, Jaipur, Sambalpur and Udaipur
2) The adopted son of Peshwa Bajirao II, Nanasaheb was not paid the pension
3) Similarly the Mughal Emperor and the Nawab of Avadh and many others
were thrown out of power and this led to a lot of unrest.
4) Lakhs of soldiers employed by the dethroned princes become unemployed.
2) What were the economic causes of 1857 uprising?
Ans:
1) The Industrial Revolution witnessed in England during the 18th century made
England not only a commercial country but also an industrial one.
2) This ruined Indian industries like textile, gunny bag and wool weaving lakhs
of weavers and spinners lost their jobs.
3) The textiles could not be sold in England due to heavy tariffs imposed on this
import. Thus export of Indian goods stopped.
4) The Inam Commission appointed by the Government confiscated lands from
rich landlords who had received tax-free land from the rulers.
3) What were the religious causes of the uprising?
Ans:
The abolition of Sati, Permission for widow re-marriage etc., caused a lot of
unrest among the orthodox people.
4) Which of the social reforms caused unrest in the minds of the Indians?
Ans:
1) The abolition of Sati, Permission for widow re-marriage etc., caused a lot of
unrest among the orthodox people.
2) The introduction of the network of telegraph and railway lines looked like
efforts to chain the country and were clear signs of westernization.
Page 9 of 34
5) How do you prove that the condition of Indian soldiers in the British army was
pathetic?
Ans:
1) The condition of the Sepoys in the English army was pathetic.
2) The English discriminated between the Indians and the Europeans.
3) An English soldier drew a Salary eight times more than that of an Indian
promotions were reserved only for the whites.
4) The compulsion to make the soldiers cross the oceans appeared to make them
outcaste.
6) Narrate the immediate causes of the uprising?
Ans:
In the newly introduced „Enfield rifles the top of the cartridge head to be
removed by mouth. A rumour spread that the cartridge were smeared with the
fat of cows and pigs. To both the Muslims and the Hindus, this was an
outrageous regulation. This became the immediate cause for the revolt.
7) Enumerate the causes for the failure of the uprising?
Ans:
1) There was no suitable leader for the uprising
2) The Sepoys indulged in looking and dacoities and this resulted in the
common people losing their faith in them.
3) The Indian Sepoys did not possesses modern and improved weapons like the
English
4) The English made use of telegraphic network to communicate messages
5) The Sikhs, the Nizam, the ruler of Gwalior and many others including many
Princely states supported the English.
6) Lack of proper organization among the mutineers.
7) The English had the common goal of protecting their empire. The Indian
Sepoys did not have a definite aim, acceptable to all.
8) What were the effects of the 1857 uprising?
Ans:
1) The rule of the East India Company came to an end and the British
Government in England took over the administration of India into its own
hands.
2) The secretary of State for India was put in charge of the Indian
administration. He was responsible to the British parliament.
3) The British withdraw the policy of the Doctrine of lapse
4) In 1858 AD Queen Victoria made a declaration and promised to grant a
stable government to India. She promised to safeguard the rights of the people.
5) The Queen promised not to interfere in the religious matters of the Indians.
6) The British were convinced that they could rule the country only if they
could win the confidence of the Indians.
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9) What were the administrative causes for the request of 1857?
Ans:
1) The English introduced new laws which treated are people all people as equal
2) This rule of law which alarm totally disregarded status, position and money
power, threatened the Zamindars and Taluqdars.
3) The laws made by the English could not be understood by the common
people.
4) The replacement of Persian language by English as the court language was
not liked by the people.
IMPACT OF THE BRITISH RULE IN INDIA
I] Fill in the Blanks:
1) The Permanent settlement was introduced by Cornwallis
2) The person who introduced the Ryatwari System was Munro
3) „Mahal‟ means Taluk
4) The first railway line was laid between Bombay and Thane
5) The first newspaper in India was Bengal gazette
6) The first newspaper in Kannada was Mangalury Samachara
II] Answer the following questions:
1) What was the outcome of the uniform system of administration in India?
Ans:
1) This helped to establish a uniform legal system.
2) The Rule of law placed all Indians on the same footings irrespective of caste
and religion.
3) Unified civil service and efficient police created internal stability
2) What was the impact of Industrial Revolution on India?
Ans:
1) The Industrial Revolution in England affected the Indian industries
2) After the Industrial Revolution the British exported raw materials from India
and imported finished goods from England and sold them in the Indian markets
at cheaper rates.
3) The Indian manufacturers could not compete with the cheap machine made
goods from England. Thus the Indian industries were ruined.
4) This decline in the domestic industries caused unemployment and starvation
to millions
Page 11 of 34
3) What was the Permanent Settlement?
Ans:
1) The Governor General Cornwallis introduced Permanent Settlement in
Bengal
2) The former revenue collectors were recognized as permanent owners of the
land and they were made to pay an amount fixed by the government as revenue.
3) The Zamindar collected more than what was expected from the ryots and
they led a life of luxury and comfort.
4) They ruthlessly collected the tax even during famines and multiplied the
miseries of the poor peasants.
5) This system came into existence in Bengal, Bihar and the United Province
(Uttar Pradesh)
4) What are the features of the Ryotwari System?
Ans:
1) Munro was in officer who introduced this system of settlement land was
measured and taking into account the lands fertility and irrigation facilities, the
revenue was fixed.
2) This system was introduced mostly in Southern and Western India
3) The governments demand was mostly kept at fifty percent of the produce
4) This system recognized the rights of the cultivation over his land
permanently
5) In times of famine the peasants could appeal to the government for partial or
even total concession.
5) What were the main features of Charles Wood‟s Dispatch?
Ans:
1) Charles Wood in 1854 the Department of Public Instruction was created
2) Charles Wood in his famous dispute on the importance of vernacular and
female education
3) Charles Wood proposed for the establishment of universities. As a result
universities were established at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.
6) What was the contribution of Macaulay to the growth of education in India?
Ans:
On the advice of T.B.Macaulay Governor General William Bentink introduced
English education in India (1835). Thus English school were started throughout
the country.
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7) What was the impact of English education on the Indians?
Ans:
1) The number of schools and colleges increased and literacy spread.
2) The urban centers nurtured the new middle class. This class of people were
imbided with the spirit of western ideas of democracy and liberalism.
3) It is this new middle class which took leadership in the cultural renaissance
and in the national movement.
4) English served as a link language for the whole country and created a large
number of likeminded Indians.
5) With the study of English literature similar forms of literature grew in Indian
regional languages. The art of writing prose developed in Marathi, Hindi,
Tamil, Kannada and other regional languages.
8) What was the impact of the growth of transport facilities in India?
Ans:
1) The railway lines connected various parts of India
2) As a result Indians began to travel on a large scale throughout the country.
3) This led to the development of a sense of unity among the Indians.
4) Roads and waterways were developed and bridges were constructed across
the rivers. The railway connected the parts to the hinterland.
9) What were the benefits of the introduction of railways?
Ans:
1) Governor General Dalhousie founded the public works department in 1854
AD and laid the first railway line between Bombay and Thane in 1853 AD
2) The Calcutta Raniganj railway line was laid in 1854 AD
3) The railway lines connected various parts of India
4) As a result Indians began to travel on a large scale throughout the country.
5) This led to the development or a sense of unity among the Indians.
6) Roads and waterways were developed and bridges were constructed across
the rivers. The railway connected the parts to the hinterland.
10) What was the importance of the newspapers during freedom movement?
Ans:
1) The newspapers in English education, newspapers in English and in various
regional languages came to be published.
2) They started exposing the administrative methods of the English
3) Many political leaders started newspapers and they used them as weapons
during the national movements.
4) The newspapers were used to create awareness and faster a sense of
nationality among the Indians.
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11) What are the differences between the Ryatwari system and the Mahalwari
system?
Ans: * Ryatwari system:
1) Munro was an officer who introduced this system of settlement land was
measured and taking into account its irrigation facilities the revenue was
fixed.
2) This system was introduced mostly in Southern and Western India
3) The Government demand was mostly kept at fifty percent of the produce
4) This system recognized the rights of the cultivator over his land
permanently
5) In times of famine the peasants could appeal to the government for partial or
even total concession
* Mahalwari system:
1) Mahal literally stands for a taluk and this was introduced in North Western
and Central India
2) The assessment rates here were somewhat high
3) The Mahaldar and the cultivator were jointly responsible for paying revenue
to the Government
4) The drawbacks of the Zamindari system were also present in this system.
THE CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN
INDIA
I] Fill in the blanks :
1) The act responsible for the founding of Supreme Court India was Regulating
Act.
2) The first law member of the Governor General‟s Advisory council was
T.B.Macaulay
3) Competitive examinations were introduced by the Act of 1853
4) The Chairman of the drafting committee of the constitution was Dr.
B.R.Ambedkar
II] Answer the following:
1) What were the provisions of the Regulating Act?
Ans:
1) The Governor of Bengal became the Governor General of India with control
over the two other Presidencies (Bombay and Madras) Warren Hastings
becomes the first Governor General.
2) A council of four members was constituted to assist the Governor General
3) A Supreme Court was established at Calcutta
4) The Secretary of State for India was appointed in England to supervise the
company‟s affairs in India. He was answerable to the British Parliament.
Page 14 of 34
2) What were the main features of the Charter Act of 1813
Ans: 1) The Indian Empire was declared as subject to the Sovereign authority of the
British government
2) The ban on the entry of the Christian Missionaries into India was lifted and
the missionaries were permitted to open schools and colleges in India.
3) The Act also directed the government to earmark rupees one lakh per year for
the education of Indians.
3) The Act of 1853 is considered to be a milestone in the history of Indian
constitution. Why/
Ans:
1) It created an effective legislative wing
2) The central legislature was started by adding new legislature members in the
council. (This is the beginning of the modern Parliament)
4) What were the main provisions of the Minto –Morley Reforms?
Ans: 1) It provided for an increase in the number of members at the council
legislature from 16 to 60
2) The Provincial Legislative Council was expanded by adding elected members
3) Separate communal electorate was introduced.
5) What were the changes introduced by the Montague –Chelmsfor reforms?
Ans:
1) The Act promised to gradually extend responsible government to India
2) It further promised to develop local self government bodies
3) The powers of the secretary of state for India were curtailed and a High
commissioner for India was appointed.
4) The number of Indian members in the Viceroy‟s executive council was
increased
5) The act provided for a bicameral legislature at the centre. These were the
beginnings of the present Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.
6) The departments were divided into central list and the provincial list
7) At the provincial level, Dyarchy was introduced. There were resecured
subjects like finance, police etc., and transferred subjects like forests, education,
land revenue, health etc.
6) The Government of India Act 1935 is a major step in the constitutional
development how?
Ans:
1) The Act proposed for an all India Federation consisting of the provinces of
British India and the princely states.
3) A Federal Council having jurisdiction cover the provinces and princely
states were established at the centre.
Page 15 of 34
3) Dyarchy was abolished in the provinces. The act provided for provincial
autonomy
4) Dyarchy was introduced at the centre and the subjects were divided into
central list provincial list and concurrent list.
5) The Reserve Bank of India was established.
7) What were the main features of the Government of India Act of 1947?
Ans: 1) India become Independence and two independent states India and Pakistan
were created
2) The rule of the British in India ended. All the provinces and princely states
were permitted to join either of the two states by the act.
THE SOCIAL RELIGIOUS REFORM
MOVEMENTS
I] Answer the following
1) Who was the founder of the Brahma Samaj?
Ans:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahma Samaj at Calcutta in 1828
2) Who proposed widow re-marriage in Bengal?
Ans:
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar propagated widow re-marriage in Bengal
3) What were the contribution of Mahadev Govind Ranade to Prarthana Samaj?
Ans:
1) He was associated with the Association for widow re-marriage and the
Deccan Education society.
2) Ranade strongly advocated women education. He started the first Girl‟s High
School at Poona in 1884.
4) Where did Annie Besant established the Central Hindu College?
Ans:
She founded the Central Hindu College at Varanasi which later became the
Banaras Hindu University.
5) Who was the founder of the Aligarh movement?
Ans:
Sir. Syed Ahmed Khan
6) Who are the founders of the Depressed classes mission?
Ans:
Narayan Ganesh Chandavarkar and Vittal Ramji Shinde established the
Depressed Classes Mission in 1906 for the up liftment of the untouchables.
Page 16 of 34
II] Answer briefly:
1) Narrate the principles of the Brahma Samaj.
Ans:
The Brahma Samaj rejected idol worship and believed in one god, where people
of all caste and religions could assemble together and pray. There was no place
for image worship, superstitions and unscientific religious customs in Brahma
Samaj.
2) What are the teachings of Dayananda Saraswathi?
Ans:
1) Dayananda Saraswati had Vedic education at Varanasi.
2) He tried to reform the Hindu Society on the basis of Vedic thoughts. He gave
a call for „back to vedas‟.
3) He condemned caste system, untouchability and idol worship and stressed on
the education of girls.
4) Arya Samaj believed that the Vedas were the only source of truth. Dayananda
wrote Satyartha Prakash in Hindi.
5) The Arya Samaj rejuvenated the Hindu society and awakened the spirit of
nationalism.
3) What are the principles of Sathya Shodha Samaj?
Ans:
1) The Samaj strove to secure justice and human rights for the exploited.
2) He declared a war against child marriage and exploitation of the widows.
3) The samaj worked for the improvement of the status of mill workers of
Bombay and also the peasants.
4) He believed that education alone could end exploitation and modernize the
society.
5) He was also the first reformer who advocated universalization of education.
6) He stressed the need for female education and started the first school for girls
in 1848 AD.
4) Give an account of the services rendered by the Ramakrishna Mission.
Ans:
1) The purpose of this organization is service to mankind.
2) He believed that to serve, humanity is to serve God.
3) He preached and stresses the message that through service to the poor and the
sick, one should try to seek god.
4) Many orphanages, schools, colleges and hospitals have been founded by the
Ramakrishna Ashram.
5) In times of flood, famine and epidemic outbreaks the mission has helped
people and consoled them.
Page 17 of 34
5) What are the main principles of the Theosophical society?
Ans: 1) Their main principal was to inculcate the spirit of equality and brotherhood
among all.
2) They also stress to teach about the values embedded in Indian religious and
philosophy.
3) They believed that the soul has no gender and men and women are equal. The
society preached compassion for all beings.
4) Annie Besant founded the Central Hindu College at Varanasi which later
became the Banaras Hindu University.
6) What were the main aims of the Aligarh Movement?
Ans:
Sir. Syed Ahmed Khan wanted the Muslims to change their outdated orthodox
political, social, educational and religious beliefs and strive for the fusion of
Eastern and Western thoughts. This was the object of the Aligarh Movement.
For the fulfillment of this objective Sir. Syed Ahmed Khan started the Anglo
Oriental School at Aligarh in 1875 AD which became the Aligarh Muslim
University. Sir. Sayed Ahmed Khan encouraged women to educate themselves
and condemned Purdah system.
7) Why did the Socio reform movement take place in the 19th century?
Ans: 1) The 19th century is known as the age of Renaissance in the history of modern
India.
2) The British rule brought about peace and security in the country and provided
a conducive atmosphere for self introspection among the educated Indians.
3) The western rationality acquired through English education gave them the
tool to question the superstitious practices of the people.
4) Western concepts like democracy, liberty, equality and nationalism
awakened the Indians superstitions gave away to scientific approach.
III] Fill in the blanks:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
The Father of Indian Renaissance is Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
The person who gave the call for back to Vedas was Dayanand Saraswati
Sathya Shodha Samaj was founded by Jyotiba Phule
SNDT women‟s university was founded by Dhando Keshav Karve
The first girls high school was established in Poona by M.G.Ranade
Tarabai Shinde wrote Stri Purusha Tulna
The first trade union in India was established by N.M.Lokhande
Page 18 of 34
THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT
I]
1) Who was the founder of the Indian National Congress?
Ans:
A.O.Hume was the founder of the Indian National Congress
2) Mention the names of the moderate leaders?
Ans:
Mahadev Govind Ranade, Surendra Nath Banarjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal
Krishna Gokhali and Badrudin Tyabaji were the moderate leaders.
3) Why did Gandhiji withdraw the Non cooperation movement?
Ans:
In Chauri Chaura, the police fired upon the procession of the people. Enraged
by this the people burnt the police station which caused the death of 22
policemen. Gandhiji, pained by the violence called off the movement.
4) When was Quit India resolution adopted?
Ans:
Quit India resolution was adopted in 8th August 1942
II] Answer in 3 to 4 sentences:
1) What were the aims of the congress?
Ans:
1) The congress was determined to create national consciousness among the
Indians, who were divided on the basis of caste, religion, language and
provincial consideration.
2) It also aimed at placing the demands of the people before the government and
urge for their fulfillment
3) It created public opinion in favour of various national issues.
2) What were the demands of the moderates?
Ans: 1) They aimed at sewing representation for the Indians in higher administrative
posts.
2) They urged for the expansion of the legislature (councils) with more elected
and less nominated members.
3) They agitated for the strengthening of Indian agriculture and industries by
imposing import duties on foreign goods.
4) They insisted on holding the civil service examinations simultaneously in
India and England.
3) What is Drain Theory?
Ans:
1) The resources of India were transformed to England in the form of adverse
balance of payment on account of more imports and less exports.
2) Profits earned on the British capital the transfer of the British officers drained
the country of its wealth. This is called the drain theory.
Page 19 of 34
4) What was the method used by the Revolutionaries?
Ans:
1) Small groups of revolutionaries operating secretly resulted to violent methods
to throw the British out of the country.
2) They used weapons like bombs and pistols. They attacked government
officers and destroyed records.
3) Khudiram Bose, Ramprasad Bismill, V.D.Savarkar, Chandrashekar Azad and
Bhagat Singh were the leaders of the revolutionaries.
5) Give a brief account of the Non-co-operation movement?
Ans:
1) The leaders of Khilafat movement in India, Shaukat Ali and Mohammed Ali
secured the help of Gandhiji for the movement.
2) Many patriotic Indians returned the titles conferred on them.
3) Advocates gave up their practice and joined the movement.
4) Thousands of students came out of government schools and colleges and
national institutions were started.
5) When elections were held according to the Reforms of 1919 AD the congress
boycotted the elections.
6) What were the main aims of the Civil Disobedience movement?
Ans:
1) Gandhiji placed eleven demands before the Viceroy, which included the
abolition of salt tax.
2) The Viceroy paid no attention to these demands and Gandhiji started the civil
disobedience movement by launching salt satyagraha
3) From his Sabarmathi Ashram to Dandi near Surat, Gandhiji conducted a long
march and produced a handful of salt on March 12th (1930) and distributed it to
the people.
4) Thousands of satyagrahi‟s along with Gandhiji were arrested.
7) What were the achievements of the INA?
Ans:
1) With the help of Ras Bihari Bose a revolutionary patriot who had settled in
Japan, Subhash Chandra Bose recruited many Indians who settled down in
South-East Asia to his Indian National Army (INA)
2) The Indian soldiers in the British army who had surrendered to the Japanese
also joined the INA and captain Lakshmi was the leader of women‟s wing of the
army.
3) The INA hoisted the tricolor flag in the Andaman and the Nicobar Islands in
1943 and by 1944 it entered the Indian sub continent and occupied Kohima and
Imphal capturing 10,000 square miles of Manipur territory.
Page 20 of 34
8) What were the reasons for the Partition of India?
Ans:
1) In 1940 the Muslim league at its Lahore session demanded a separate nation
for the Muslim.
2) The concessions offered during the Second World War by the British to the
Indians like the August offer and the proposals put forth by the cripps mission
were rejected by the congress.
3) The „Quit India‟ resolution was opposed by the Jinnah and he urged the
Muslims not to participate in it.
4) The New Prime Minister deputed cabinet mission India in 1946
5) The mission proposed for undivided India with a single legislature. Jinnah
rejected it and called for „Direct Action Day‟ on August 16, 1946 to form
Pakistan.
6) Mountbatten who was appointed as the Viceroy in 1946 spoke to Gandhi,
Jinnah and the leaders of the other parties and the plan for partition was drawn
up.
9) Why was the Simon Commission appointed? Why did the Indians oppose it?
Ans:
To console the agitating Indians and to consider further constitutional reforms
the British Government appointed the Simon Commission in 1927 AD. As all
the members of the Commission were Englishmen it was boycotted by the
Indians.
10) Explain the quite India movement of 1942/
Ans:
1) Cripps proposed the granting of Dominion Status to India. The congress
rejected it and on August 8, 1942 the congress adopted the Quit India resolution
at Bombay.
2) To make the British quit Gandhiji called upon the Indians to „Do or Die‟.
3) The government took repressive action and Gandhiji, Nehru, Vallabhai
Patel, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad and other leaders were arrested on the 9 th of
August.
4) The congress organization was banned and it offices were sealed.
5) Seventy police stations were attacked many government offices were set on
fire.
6) Post and revenue offices were destroyed. Railway lines were removed and
bridges sabotaged.
7) Telegraph wires were cut. Liquor shops were attacked. The British
administrative machinery was shaken.
8) The jails were filled with freedom fighters.
Page 21 of 34
11) What was the role of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in freedom movement?
Ans:
1) Tilak announced that „Swaraj is my birth right‟ and I shall have it.
2) He said that the British must be thrown out of the country and the path of
struggle was indispensable.
3) Through his newspapers „Kesari‟ in Marathi and „Maratha‟ in English he
encouraged the people to fight against the British and upheld extreme
nationalism.
4) To awaken national feelings among the people he organized Shivaji jayanti
and Ganesh festival.
12) Explain the role of Subhash Chandra Bose in the freedom movement/
Ans:
1) Subhash Chandra Bose was a first rank leader among the revolutionary
patriots. People endearingly call him „Netaji‟.
2) Subhash believed that only non violence and negotiations will not secure
freedom.
3) During the II World War the British government kept him under house arrest
in Calcutta. He escaped to Afghanistan and reached Germany.
4) He bought the help of Hitler and Mussolini for the cause of India‟s freedom.
5) With the help of Ras Bihari Bose a revolutionary patriot who had settled in
Japan he recruited many Indians who had settled down in South-East Asia to his
Indian National Army (INA)
6) The Indian soldiers in the British army who had surrendered to the Japanese
also joined the INA and Captain Lakshmi was the leader of women‟s wing of
the army.
7) The INA hoisted the tricolor flag in the Andaman and the Nicobar Islands in
1943 and by 1944 it entered the Indian sub continent and occupied Kohima and
Imphal capturing 10,000 square miles of Manipur territory.
13) What was the role of Gandhiji in the freedom movement?
Ans:
1) Mahatma Gandhiji entered the movement in 1920 and gave a new turn to the
freedom struggle.
2) The Non-co-operation movement was launched by Gandhiji in 1921. He
believed in non-violence passive resistance called Satyagraha. He stressed on
the use of Swadeshi goods and urged the use of Khaddar (Khadi), handspun and
hand woven cloth. He upheld the Hindu Muslim unity and the eradication of
untouchability.
3) To eradicate untouchability Gandhiji launched a movement after signing the
Pune Pact in 1932 with Dr.Ambedkar.
4) Gandhiji also tourned Karnataka in 1934 and enlightened the people about
untouchability. Gandhiji urged the people to throw open the temples, public
wells and tanks for the untouchables whom he addressed as „Harijans‟
5) Gandhiji was assassinated on January 30th 1948. It was a tragedy that shook
the nation.
Page 22 of 34
III] Fill in the blanks.
1) The first President of the Indian National Congress was W.C.Banergee.
2) Founders of the Swaraj party were C.R.Das and Motilal Neharu.
3) Gandhiji broke the salt law at Dandi
4) The tricolor flag was hoisted by the INA at Andaman and Nicobar islands.
THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN KARNATAKA
I]
1) Describe the revolt of Kittur against the British?
Ans:
1) In 1824 AD the Desai of Kittur Shivalingarudra Sarja accepted a son and
died immediately.
2) When the English tried to annex this small province, the widow of the Desai,
Rani Chennamma fought valiantly against the English.
3) The Kittur forces lost the battle after a heroic struggle. Rani chennamma was
captured and she had five years later in captivity.
4) Kittur revolted once again in 1829 AD when Sangolli Rayanna a common
man of Kittur organized a band of fighters against the English with a view to
install the adopted son of Rani Chennamma as the ruler of Kittur.
5) His forces were defeated and he was captured.
2) Write briefly about Surpur uprising?
Ans:
1) The ruler of Surpur Venkatappa Nayak refused to pay the English the subsidy
they had demanded and challenged their power.
2) The British army laid siege to the Surpur fort in 1858
3) Venkatappa when arrested shot himself refusing to accept British dominance.
3) Describe the Shivpur Satyagraha?
Ans:
1) Mysore State Congress organized its conference at Shivapur near Maddur in
1938. There was a ban on hoisting the tricolor.
2) But 25,000 delegates assembled the tricolor was hoisted by resident
T.Siddalingaiah. He was arrested.
3) It was decided to hoist the flag daily on the same spot and undertake Dhwaja
Satyagraha all over the state.
4) As a part of the state wide Satyagraha, the flag was hoisted at the
Vidurashwatha fair in Kolar district. Thirty people were killed in the police
firing.
Page 23 of 34
4) Describe the Quit India Movement at Isur?
Ans:
1) The people of Isur participated in the Quit India Movement by peacefully
organizing processions.
2) They checked the entry of the Government officers into the village which
was declared “Free”.
3) Two officers were killed when they tried to enter the village five persons
from Isur were hanged for this act.
II] Fill in the blanks
1) The newspaper which propagated nationalist ideas in Karnataka was
Karmaveera and Karnatakavrita.
2) The Hindustan Seva Dal was organized by N.S.Hardikar.
3) In 1930 the Salt Satyagraha in Karnataka was conducted at Ankola
4) In 1932 the Forest Satyagraha in Karnataka was conducted at Sirsi
5) The satyagrahi who died at Hosaritti was Mailar Mahadevappa.
INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE
I]
1) Who is called the Iron Man of India?
Ans:
Sardar Vallabhai Patel is called the Iron Man of India.
2) Why did Sardar Patel decide to launch Police Action in Hyderabad?
Ans:
The Nizam imported weapons to fight against India. Realizing this danger,
Sardar Patel decided to launch Police Action on the 13th of September 1948.
3) When did the French hand over their territories?
Ans:
In 1951 the French handed over all their Indian territories to the government of
India after the people voted for merger with India.
4) Who is the Father of Goan liberation struggle?
Ans:
T.B.Cunha is the Father of Goan liberation
5) How did Lal Bahadur Shastry and Ayub Khan try to settle the Kashmir issue?
Ans:
In 1966 the Tashket agreement was signed by the Indian Prime Minister Lal
Bahadur Shastry and Pakistan President Ayub Khan by which it was decided to
settle the issue by peaceful negotiation.
Page 24 of 34
II] Answer in 3 to 4 sentences
1) Explain the problems of Jammu and Kashmir briefly?
Ans:
1) The ruler of the state, Hari Singh delayed his decision to join the Indian
Union. Pakistan decided to capture the state and invaded Kashmir.
2) But before it should reach the capital of the state the Indian army reached the
Kashmir valley and drove back the invaders.
3) On the 26th October 1947, the ruler of the state Hari Singh and the leader of
the Jammu and Kashmir National conference, Sheikh Abdullah agreed to join
the Indian Union.
4) Pakistan complained to the United Nations over the issue.
5) As the UNO ordered cease fire, parts of Kashmir remained under the
Pakistani as India stopped the advance of its forces.
6) Pakistan sponsored terrorists are posing a serious problem towards restoring
peace in the state.
7) The Indian soldiers successfully pushed back the encroachers in 1999 at
Kargil.
2) Describe the stages of the merger of Hyderabad state with the Indian union?
Ans:
1) The Seventh Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan tried to remain Independent.
2) A majority of the subjects of Hyderabad state were Hindus (86%) who
demanded responsible Government in the state and its merger within the Indian
union.
3) In 1938 Swamy Ramananda Tirth founded the Hyderabad stet congress.
4) Qasim Razvi, recruited a para military force called the Razakars with their
help he tried to retain Hyderabad as a free state.
5) The state congress gave a call to organize Accession Day in 365 centers, the
people of the state observed Accession Day by hoisting the tricoulour flag and
defying the ban.
6) One hundred camps were established along the border. This went on for 13
months and thousands of people lost their lives on both the side of the border.
Many families were totally annihilated by the Razakars.
7) The talk between the Government of India and the Nizam did not bear fruit.
8) The Nizam imported weapons to fight against India. Realizing this danger,
Sardar Patel decided to launch Police Action on the 13th of September 1948. On
the 17th of September the Nizam surrendered and agreed to accede to the Indian
Union.
Page 25 of 34
3) What were the conditions of Karnataka before unification?
Ans:
1) The Kannada speaking people were not only found in the former Madras and
Bomaby Presidencies but were also in the princely states of Hyderabad,
Mysore, Sangoli, Miraj, Ramadurg, Jamakhandi, Mudhol, Akkalkot, Sandur,
Savanur etc.
2) The unification of the Kannada speaking regions under a single state called
Karnataka was attempted as early as 1916 by Alur Venkatarao.
3) In Karnataka the Karnataka a Ekikarana Maha Samithi headed by
S.Nijalingappa continued the demand for unification.
4) Later Akhanda Karnataka Rajya Nirmana Parishat headed by Ramkrishna
Karanth and Alavandi Shivamurthy Swamy continued a strong agitation.
4) State the main events in the liberation of Goa?
Ans:
1) In 1928, T.B.Cunha founded Goa Congress Committee and started an
agitation. He has been called the Father of the Goan liberation movement.
2) About 1500 people were arrested. The Indian National Congress supported
the liberation movement in Goa.
3) The Goan leaders were imprisoned in Goa and the Portuguese followed a
policy of severe repression against the movement.
4) The police atrocities increased under these circumstances, the Government of
India sent its army and liberated Goa in 1961.
5) How does the problem of refugees from Pakistan solved/
Ans:
1) The Government of India had the responsibility of providing them with
shelter and medical aid. Lakhs of them were settled in Orissa under the
Dandakaranya project.
4) They were also settled in various parts of the country including Punjab,
Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.
THE MODERN WORLD
I]
1) What were the steps taken by Franklin D Roosvelt to check economic
depression?
Ans:
1) He introduced the economic reform called „the New Deal‟
2) According to this policy industries reduced the number of working hours and
increased the pay for the workers, compensation was paid to the farmers and the
unemployed.
3) Within a decade, the USA once again became an economic power.
Page 26 of 34
2) Why did the people of Russia revolt against the Czar?
Ans:
1) In the 19th century Russia was ruled by an absolute and autocratic emperor
called the Czar. His regime was repressive and cruel.
2) People had no rights. The condition of the peasantry was miserable.
3) The frudal lands exploited the peasantry. The situation worsened when
Russia was defeated by Japan in 1905.
3) What were the achievement of the Soviet Union under Stalin?
Ans:
1) Stalin started the five year plans and expanded the industries
2) Stalin ended private farming and introduced collective farming.
3) Stalin also developed military power and made the Soviet Union as powerful
as the United States.
4) What were the causes for the opium wars?
Ans: 1) The Manchu emperors were weak and inefficient and China remained
backward.
2) England became hostile to China when the latter tried to stop it from bringing
opium into China. This was followed by what is known as the opium wars
(1830-1842)
5) What were the achievements of Mao in China?
Ans:
1) The communist party of China with the help of the Soviet Union revolted in
1931 and founded a republic in South China. Mao Tse Tung led this revolt.
2) Mao organized the peasants in the rural areas.
3) The Chinese Republic founded by Mao grew as a strong nation under the
dictatorship of the communist party, agriculture industry, education and military
strength grew rapidly.
6) How did the expansionist policy of Japan become the cause for the Second
World War?
Ans:
1) It conquered Korea and defeated China in 1895.
2) It clashed with Russia and in the process Japan even defeated Russia in 1905
3) From 1930 onwards Japan began further expansion. It conquered Machuria
from China.
4) In 1940 Japan conquered the archipelago of Indo China from the French.
7) How did Japan achieve economic progress?
Ans:
1) Railways were introduced and roads and shipping were modernized.
2) By adopting Western technology education industry and agriculture were
also modernized.
3) The peasants were given small holdings. The government itself started new
industries.
Page 27 of 34
4) Its exports to Asia and Europe increased. They also improved their banking
and sea and air transport facilities.
5) Within a few decades Japan achieved substial progress and became a rich
nation.
8) What were the effects of Cultural Revolution?
Ans:
It destroyed thousands of Buddist temples and killed thousands of believers.
9) What were the effects of the policy of leap forward?
Ans:
1) The Chinese economy improved
2) The peasants lost their holdings collective farming was introduced.
II] Answer in a single sentence
1) What is New Deal?
Ans:
Franklin D Roosevelt introduced the economic reform called „The New Deal‟.
2) What is the ideology of Karl Marx?
Ans: Marx advocated the dictatorship of the proletariat as a solution to all feudal
problems.
3) Name the leader who ended the Manchu rule in China?
Ans:
Sun Yat Sen
4) What was the result of the “Long March”?
Ans:
The Chinese Communist army led by Mao launched the „Long March‟ and after
a great loss of men and army many hardships they reached Beijing in 1949
Chiang fled to Taiwan (Formosa)
5) Why did the Japanese revolt against Tokugawa family?
Ans:
The dictatorship of the „Tokugawa‟ family which represented the emperor in
administration, had made the Japanese angry with the dictator during the 19th
century.
6) Why did the Chinese become disrespectful towards Chiang Kai Shek?
Ans:
Japan conquered Manchuria in North China during this period. This created
disrespect towards chiang among the Chinese patriots.
Page 28 of 34
THE FIRST WORLD WAR (1914-1918)
I]
1) What is aggressive nationalism?
Ans:
1) Europe saw the emergency of aggressive nationalism which generated a
sense of superiority among the people.
2) They had grown proud of their country and considered it a sacred duty to
fight for the country, whether the country was right or wrong.
3) Colonies were also considered a matter of national prestige.
2) Explain the system of rival alliances?
Ans:
1) Towards the end of the 19th century a number of countries of Europe entered
into alliances to safeguard their economic and political interests.
2) Germany formed a Triple Alliance with the Austro Hungarian Empire and
Italy, England, France and Russia formed the Triple Entente.
3) On account of these Alliances Europe was divided into two hostile camps.
3) Why did Austria attack Serbia?
Ans:
When the Austrian crown prince visited the Bosnian capital Sarajevo in 1914,
he was murdered by a Serbian. Austria wanted to punish Serbia; hence it
declared war and sought the help of Germany.
4) Which were the Allied and Axis powers?
Ans:
The group led by England was called Allied powers and its opponents were
called Axis powers.
5) Mention the causes of the First World War?
Ans:
1) Aggressive nationalism
2) The system of Rival Alliances
3) The Armament Race
4) Immediate cause
6) Why did the USA join the First World War?
Ans:
The USA entered the First World War after the British ship Lusitania was sunk
by the Germans.
7) What were the effects of the world war?
Ans:
1) Millions of people including civilians died in the war and many more were
wounded. Towns, cities, roads, dams, bridges, railways and factories were
destroyed on an unprecedented scale.
3) Their reconstruction, providing jobs to the unemployed, providing food and
rehabilitation to them became an impossible task.
Page 29 of 34
3) The loss of life bloodshed and destruction caused by the war create a desire
for preventing wars and fostering peace.
4) To fulfill this ardent desire the League of Nations was established.
8) Why was the League of Nations established?
Ans:
In order to promote peace and achieve international co-operation and goodwill
the League of Nations was established in 1919 with 44 nations as members. Its
headquarters was situated in Paris.
9) What were the achievement of the League of Nations?
Ans:
1) Many misunderstandings between nations that could have led to
confrontation were solved by the League.
2) When Italy captured the island of Koufu from Greece, the League forced
Italy to return the island.
3) It also succeeded in implementing the terms of the treaty of Versailes
4) The League was successful in setting the dispute between Poland and
Germany over the possession of upper silicia.
5) Thus the major achievement of the League was the prevention of war
between 1919 and 1939.
10) Why did the League fail?
Ans:
1) The USA did not join the League of Nations. This made the League weak.
2) All the nations of the world did not join the League, many remained outside
the League. As a result the League could not impose its terms on all countries.
3) The League had no military force of its own to check invasions. It failed to
bring about satisfactory disarmament.
Page 30 of 34
THE SECOND WORLD WAR (1939-1945)
I]
1) Why did dictatorships emerge in Europe?
Ans:
After the first world war, the countries of Europe faced severe economic crises.
The newly established democracies in Germany, Italy and Spain could not
negotiate the crisis effectively a result, dictatorships emerged in all the these
countries.
2) Name the European countries where dictatorship emerged?
Ans:
The European countries where dictatorship emerged were Germany, Italy and
Spain. The dictators were Adolf Hitler of Germany and Mussolini of Italy.
3) What were the reasons Hitler gave for the poor status of Germany.
Ans:
The communists the Jews and treaty of Versailles were described as the main
causes responsible for the fall of Germany in the First World War.
4) State the policies followed by the Fascists in Italy?
Ans:
Fascist thoughts were propagated in schools. The Fascists had no respect for
human values and freedom. The Italians lost the freedom of speech and the
freedom of press under them. Anyone criticizing any one of the policies of
Mussolini was regarded as a traitor.
5) What were the changes introduced by Hitler in Germany?
Ans:
1) He strengthened the army and German economy
2) He organized a private army called the Brown Shirts and used its „musical‟
power to suppress his political opponents.
3) He organized his National Socialist Party, popularly known as the Nazi party.
4) Germany‟s President Hindenburg appointed the title, the Fuehrer. He
suppressed the opposition parties and established a totalitarian regime.
6) Mention the main causes of the Second World War?
Ans:
1) The imperialist and expansionist policies of Germany and Italy were the main
reasons responsible for the war.
2) The League of Nations could not check the aggressive onslaught of these
expansionists.
3) No power came forward to undertake armed resistance against the initial
attacks of Hitler and Mussolini.
4) Finally Germany and Russia with mutual understanding partitioned Poland
among themselves. It was then that France and England declared war on
Germany.
Page 31 of 34
7) Outline the role of the USA in the Second World War?
Ans:
1) In June 1944, the US commander Eisenhower landed in France and helped
England. The USA also sent its armies to Algeria in North Africa. Thus Italy
was defeated in September 1943 and Italy surrendered.
2) In August 1945, the USA dropped atom bombs on two Japanish cities
Hiroshima and Nagasaki. They were reduced to ashes.
8) State the main results of the Second World War/
Ans:
1) The effects of the Second World War were catastrophic. Nearly five crore
people were killed.
2) The whole of Europe was affected and the attacks of Germany destroyed
cities towns, industries, bridges, roads and railways.
3) President Truman took up an ambitious programme called Marshall Plan for
the reconstruction of the nations destroyed by the war and rendered substantial
financial aid.
4) Germany was totally disarmed and the Nazi prisoners of war were put on trial
and punished.
5) Germany was divided into four units and each of the units was subjected to
the supervision of the USA, England, France and Russia.
6) For the establishment of permanent peace the United Nations Organization
was established in place of the League of Nations.
9) Why was the UNO established?
Ans: The United Nations Organization was started for the establishment of
permanent peace.
II] Fill in the blanks:
1) The book written by Hitler was Mein Kemp
2) Mussolini‟s private paramilitary force was called Black shirts.
3) The US harbor attacked by Japan was Pearl Harbour.
4) The Atom bombs were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima.
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THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
I]
1) What were the results of the formation of Israel?
Ans:
The Palestinians of Arab origin, who had earlier settled there, became refugees.
Israil became a powerful nation despite all opposition. Isreal was slow is
keeping the promise it had made to accommodate the Palestinians.
2) Define Cold war?
Ans:
The competition between USA and USSR in the field of space research,
manufacture of deadly weapons, development in science and technology led to a
tensed situation known as cold war.
3) Which were the important countries which supported the US bloe?
Ans:
The UK (Bretain) and other west European countries. The South East Asian
countries, Turkey, Iran and Pakistan.
4) Which are the main countries that sided with the bloc led by the USSR?
Ans:
East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czecholovakia, Rumania and Yugoslovia.
5) What were the East Asian issues which could have caused the Third World
War?
Ans:
1) The Vietnam War (1955-1975) which was fought in Asia on ideological
grounds made the communists victorious and America‟s direct involvement in it
caused immense loss to it.
2) When there was a civil war in Korea, the USA helped South Korea and China
extended help to North Korea. The civil war ended with the division of Korea
into North Korea and South Korea.
6) What is Apartheid? How did the policy of Apartheid end?
Ans: The policy of racial discrimination against the native Africans is known as
Apartheid.
Mandela underwent a long period of imprisonment, finally he was
released the Apartheid ended in 1994.
7) Who were the leaders of the Non-Aligned movement?
Ans:
Sukarno of Indonesia, Naseer of Egypt, Nehru of India and Tito of Yugoslavia
were its leaders.
8) Mention the names of five nations in Asia which attended freedom?
Ans:
India, Srilanka, Myanmar, Indonesia and Malaysia.
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9) Name five African nations that become free?
Ans:
Libia, Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria and Congo
10) What were the main causes of wneost in the Middle East?
Ans:
The Palestinians of Arab origin, who had earlier settled there, became refugees.
Israil became a powerful nation despite all opposition. Isreal was slow is
keeping the promise it had made to accommodate the Palestinians. As the
Palestinians were supported by the Arabs the surrounding areas of Israil turned
into a battle field.
11) What are the causes of the present crisis in Iraq?
Ans:
Saddam Hussein the dictator of Iraq after ending the conflict with Iran attacked
Kuwait in 1990. This led to the Gulf War II. The USA intervened on behalf of
the UNO and Iraq was forced to withdraw from Kuwait in 1991.
12) What were the reasons for Iranian revolt against its Shah?
Ans:
The Shah (ruler) of Iran was dethroned by the Iranian orthodoxy led by
Kromeini in 1979. The attempts to modernize Iran by the Shah caused the
revolution.
13) What was the reason for the II Gulf War? Mention the result?
Ans:
Saddam Hussain the dictator of Iraq after ending the conflict with Iran attacked
Kuwait in 1990. This led to the Gulf War II. The USA intervened on behalf of
the UNO and Iraq was forced to withdraw from Kuwait in 1991.
14) Why did the USA and the UK attack Iraq in 2003? What was the result?
Ans:
1) Iraq was believed to posses many banned weapons of mass destruction. Iraq
did not agree to the UNO‟s proposal for the indepetion of its arsenal.
2) In 2001 the USA and the UK bombed many strategic centers in Iraq. The
UNO finally sent its team of inspectors to examine the arsenal of Iraq.
3) Though no evidence was found over the existence of dangerous weapons the
USA and the UK invaded Iraq in March 2003. Saddam Hussein‟s regime ended.
15) What were the aims of the Non-Aligned Movement?
Ans:
The movement tried its best to defuse the cold war trends which would caused
the third World War. Disarmament helping trade links (connections) between
the backward nations and c-operation between them were the main items on its
agenda.
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