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Test Information Guide: College-Level Examination Program® 2012-13 Western Civilization I 2012 The College Board. All rights renewed. Cdlege Board, Cdlege-Level Examination Program, CLEF, and the amen logo are regisizted trademarks of the Cdlege Board. C CollegeBoard inspiring minds' Western Civilization I Description of the Examination The Western Civilization I: Ancient Near East to 1648 examination covers material that is usually taught in the first semester of a two-semester course in Western Civilization. Questions deal with the civilizations of Ancient Greece. Rome and the Near East: the Middle Ages: the Renaissance and Reformation: and early modern Europe. Candidates may be asked to choose the correct definition of a historical term. select the historical figure whose viewpoint is described. identify the correct relationship between two historical factors. or detect the inaccurate pairing of an individual with a historical event. Groups of questions may require candidates to interpret, evaluate or relate the contents of a passage. a map or a picture to other information, or to analyze and utilize the data contained in a graph or table. The examination contains approximately 120 questions to be answered in 90 minutes. Some of these are pretest questions that will not be scored. Any time candidates spend on tutorials and providing personal information is in addition to the actual testing time. This examination uses the chronological designations n.c.E. (before the common era) and C.E. (common era). These labels correspond to B.C. (before Christ) and A.D. (anno Domini). which are used in some textbooks. Knowledge and Skills Required Questions on the Western Civilization I examination require candidates to demonstrate one or more of the following abilities. • Ability to understand important factual knowl edge of developments in Western Civilization • Ability to identify the causes and effects of major historical events Ability to analyze, interpret, and evaluate • textual and graphic historical materials • Ability to distinguish the relevant from the irrelevant • Ability to reach conclusions on the basis of facts The subject matter of the Western Civilization I examination is drawn from the following topics. The percentages next to the main topics indicate the approximate percentage of exam questions on that topic. 8%-10% Ancient Near East Political evolution Religion, culture and technical developments in and near the Fertile Crescent 15%-17% Ancient Greece and Hellenistic Civilization Political evolution to Periclean Athens Periclean Athens through the Peloponnesian Wars Culture, religion and thought of Ancient Greece The Hellenistic political structure The culture, religion and thought of Hellenistic Greece 15%-17% Ancient Rome Political evolution of the Republic and of the Empire (economic and geographical context) Roman thought and culture Early Christianity The Germanic invasions The late empire 23%-27% Medieval History Byzantium and Islam Early medieval politics and culture through Charlemagne Feudal and manorial institutions The medieval Church Medieval thought and culture Rise of the towns and changing economic forms Feudal monarchies The late medieval church 13%-17% Renaissance and Reformation The Renaissance in Italy The Renaissance outside Italy The New Monarchies Protestantism and Catholicism reformed and reorganized 10%-15% Early Modern Europe, 1560-1648 The opening of the Atlantic The Commercial Revolution Dynastic and religious conflicts Thought and culture WESTER N CIVILIZAT I ON 3. The great wealth of the palaces and the widespread prosperity of the land were due to the profits of trade, protected or exploited by naval vessels equipped with rams. The palaces and towns were unfortitied. and peaceful scenes predominated in the frescoes. which revealed a love of dancing. boxing. and a sport in which boys and girls somersaulted over the backs of charging bulls." Sample Test Questions The following sample questions do not appear on an actual CLEP examination. They aie intended to give potential test takers an indication of the format and difficulty level of the examination and to provide content for practice and review. Knowing the correct answers to all of the sample questions is not a guarantee of satisfactory performance on the exam. The culture described above was that of the ancient Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case. (A) Minoans (B) Hittites (C) Macedonians (D) Assyrians (E) Persians I. The earliest urban settlements usually arose in which of the following types of areas? (A) Coastal plains (B) Inland deforested plains (C) Desert oases (D)Fertile river valleys (E) Narrow valleys well protected by mountains 4. These people maintained their skill as seafarers. traders. and artists. They planted Carthage and other colonies in the western Mediterranean. They developed a new script in which a separate sign stood not for a syllable, but for a consonant or vowel sound. The people described above were the (A) Phoenicians (B) Hittites (C) Assyrians (D) Mycenaeans (E) Philistines 5. Pharaoh Akhenaton of Egypt (c. 1353-1336 B.C.E.) is best known today for 0 Be ttm anICOR BI S (A) building the largest pyramid in the Valley of the Kings (B) conquering large expanses of territory outside of the Nile Valley (C) developing a monotheistic religion (D) uniting upper and lower Egypt under a single administrative system (E) writing down the first code of Egyptian law 2. The panel above from ancient Ur supports which of the following conclusions about Mesopotamian society? (A) It was primarily composed of hunter-gatherers. It (B) had distinct class divisions. (C) Religion pervaded daily life. (D) Soldiers were drawn primarily from the nobility. (E) Most commoners were slaves. 6 WESTERN CIVI L IZATION I 9. All of the following were emphasized by the early Christian church EXCEPT a 6. Among the ancient Hebrews, a prophet was (A) a teacher who expounded the Scriptures (B) a king with hereditary but limited powers (C) a judge who administered traditional law (D) a priest with exclusive rights to perform functions at the temple (E) an individual who was inspired by God to speak to the people (A) ritual fellowship meal in memory of Christ (B) toleration of other religious sects (C) belief in the value of the souls of women and slaves as well as those of free men (D) belief in life after death for all believers in Christ (E) belief in the value of martyrdom, defined as dying for the faith 7. The outstanding achievement of King Hammurabi of Mesopotamia was that he 10. The Roman emperor whose policies rescued Rome from its crisis in the third century C.E. was (A) issued a more comprehensive law code than had any known predecessor (B) conquered and established dominion over all of Egypt (C) built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (D) established the first democratic government (E) successfully defended his kingdom against the Assyrians (A) Augustus (B) Marcus Aurelius (C) Constantine (D) Diocletian (E) Theodosius 11. Which of the following established Christianity as a legal religion in the Roman Empire? 8. Of the following, which helps explain why the Roman Republic gave way to dictatorship during the first century B.c.E.? (A) The defeat of the Huns, 451 (B) The accession of Justinian I (C) The Council of Nicaea (D) The accession of Diocletian (E) The Edict of Milan (A) The government that was suitable for a small city-state failed to meet the needs of an empire. (B) A strong leader was needed because the upper classes feared a rebellion on the part of the slave population. (C) Outside pressures on boundaries could not be resisted by republican armies. (D) Rome's period of expansion was over. (E) The Roman senatorial class was declining in number. C.E. 12. All of the following invaded the Roman Empire EXCEPT the (A) Vikings (B) Ostrogoths (C) Visigoths (D) Vandals (E) Huns 7 WESTERN CIVILIZATION I 16. All of the following factors played a part in bringing about the Hundred Years' War EXCEPT 13. The craft guilds of the Middle Ages had as their primary purpose the (A) The English king had lands in Gascony. (B) A French princess was the mother of an English king. (C) Flemish towns were dependent on England for raw wool. The Holy Roman Emperor wanted to bring (D) pressure on the Swiss cantons. (E) The Capetian dynasty had come to an end. (A) promotion of trade and the protection of merchants control of town government (B) (C) regulation of production and quality (D)guardianship of the social and financial affairs of their members (E) accumulation of capital and the lending of money 17. Civil peace and personal security were enjoyed to a greater degree in Norman England than in continental Europe principally because the Norman kings 14. Which of the following had the greatest impact on northern European agriculture by the year 1000 c.E.? (A)The wheeled seed drill (B) The enclosure movement (C)The padded horse collar (D)The horse saddle (E) The spread of maize (corn) cultivation (A) maintained a large standing army (B) claimed the direct allegiance of the mass of the peasantry (C) avoided conflicts with the Church (D)kept their vassals occupied with continental conflicts (E) developed a centralized and efficient type of feudalism 15. The orders of Franciscan and Dominican friars founded in the thirteenth century differed from earlier monastic orders principally in that the friars 18. Which of the following could have been made immediately available to the reading public in large quantities as soon as it was written? (A) took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience (B) broke away from the control of the pope (C) introduced the ideas of Plato and other early Greek philosophers into their teaching (D)devoted themselves mainly to copying ancient manuscripts (E) traveled among the people instead of living in monasteries (A) On Christian Liberty, Martin Luther (B) havels, Marco Polo (C) The Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri (D)Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer (E) English translation of the Bible, John Wycliffe 19. A central feature of the Catholic Reformation was the (A) Roman Catholic church's inability to correct abuses (B) establishment of new religious orders such as the Jesuits (C) transfer of authority from Rome to the bishoprics (D)rejection of Baroque art (E) toleration of Protestants in Roman Catholic countries 8 WESTERN CIVILIZATION I 23. On which of the following issues did Luther and Calvin DISAGREE? (A) The toleration for minority viewpoints (B) The relationship of the church to civil authority (C) The authority of the Scriptures (D) The existence of the Trinity (E) The retention of the sacrament of baptism 24. The principle that the religion of the ruler of a state determines the established church in that state was first adopted at the (A) Peace of Augsburg (B) Peace of the Pyrenees (C) Congress of Vienna (D) Edict of Restitution (E) Peace of Westphalia 20. The building in C radoba, Spain, shown above, illustrates the influence of (A) Islam (B) Buddhism (C) Hinduism (D) Shinto (E) Animism 25. Between 1629 and 1639, Charles I of England tried to obtain revenues by all of the following means EXCEPT 21. The major consequence of the rise of towns in the eleventh and twelfth centuries was (A) the levying of ship money (B) income from crown lands (C) forced loans (D) the sale of monopolies (E) grants from Parliament (A) a lessening of the distinction among social classes (B) the practice of caring for the indigent (C) the decline of royal authority (D) the decline in the social status of the lesser clergy (E) a new social class enriched by manufacturing and trade 26. All of the following are associated with the commercial revolution in early modem Europe EXCEPT (A) an increase in the number of entrepreneurial capitalists the appearance of state-run trading (B) companies (C) a large influx of precious metals into Europe (D) an expansion of the guild system (E) a "golden age:for the Netherlands 22. In The Prince, Machiavelli asserted that (A) historical examples are useless for understanding political behavior the intelligent prince should keep his state (B) neutral in the event of war (C) people are not trustworthy and cannot be relied on in time of need (D) the prince should be guided by the ethical principles of Christianity (E) luck is of no consequence in the success or failure of princes 9 WESTERN CIVILIZATION 27. Castiglione's Book of the Courtier (1528) was intended as (A) a collection of entertaining travel stories (B) a guide to the military affairs of the Italian peninsula (C) a collection of meditations and spiritual reflections (D)a guide to refined behavior and etiquette (E) an allegory of courtly love 28. Which of the following resulted from the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588? (A) Spanish domination of the Mediterranean was ended. (B) The invasion of England was prevented. (C) Dutch sympathies for the Spanish cause increased. War broke out between England and France. (D) (E) There was a series of uprisings in the Spanish colonies of Central and South America. I 30. The theory concerning the solar system that was published by Copernicus in 1543 rejected the popular belief that (A) Earth revolves around the Sun (B) Earth revolves around the Moon (C) Earth is the center of the universe (D)the Sun is the center of the universe (E) the stars revolve around the Sun 31. During their next war with the Persians following the battle of Marathon, the Athenians won a decisive victory through their use of (A) horse-drawn chariots (B) new kinds of iron weapons (C)mounted archers (D)incendiary weapons (E) sea power 32. Almost every kind of human activity was accepted as worthy of offering to the gods: athletic contests, poetry reading, song, dance, drama, prayer, giftbearing . There were no elaborate priesthoods; fathers conducted rituals in the household and elected officials served as priests in the civic ceremonies. The religion described above is probably that of the ancient (A)Egyptians (B) Sumerians (C) Greeks (D)Hebrews (E)Persians 29. In the mid-seventeenth century, the area shaded black on the map above belonged to 33. All of the following peoples settled Roman lands bordering on the Mediterranean EXCEPT the (A) Russia (B) Poland (C) Sweden (D)Austria (E) Brandenburg-Prussia (A)Lombards (B)Visigoths (C) Jutes (D)Ostrogoths (E) Vandals 10 WESTERN CIVILIZATION 34. I found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.: I 37. Which of the following was a primary goal of Cardinal Richelieu' s foreign policy? (A) The weakening of the Hapsburgs diplomatically and militarily The reestablishment of religious unity (B) in Europe (C) The consolidation of French holdings in North America (D)The strengthening of papal influence within the French government (E) The founding of commercial companies on the Anglo-Dutch model The claim above was made by (A)Pompey (B) Julius Caesar (C) Augustus (D)Tiberius (E)Hadrian 35. Which of the following did St. Francis of Assisi and Dante Alighieri have in common? (A)They were heretics. (B) They were university teachers. (C)They were religious mystics. (D)They were products of commercial towns. (E) They favored the supremacy of the state over the Church. 38. Which of the following was the most effective leader of the Protestant forces in the Thirty Years' War? (A) Albrecht von Wallenstein (B) Emperor Ferdinand II (C) The Elector Palatine Frederick V (D)Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (E) Christian IV of Denmark 36. Henry II (1133 189) increased royal authority in England chiefly by (A)confiscating Church lands (B) usurping the legislative authority of Parliament (C) proclaiming the divine right of kings (D)forming an alliance with the papacy (E) enlarging the jurisdiction and powers of royal courts 39. The reluctance of Elizabeth I of England to open 3vindows into men's souls:was an indication of her (A) atheism (B) withdrawal from public pageantry (C) reluctance to inquire closely into personal religious views (D)reluctance to prosecute political opponents (E) insistence on personal rule 11 0 W E S TERN The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Rogers Fund, 1930 (30.4.44) Image = The Metropolitan Museum of Art 40. The wall painting shown above depicts which of the following? 41. Which of the following was a major innovation of the Renaissance period? (A) The division of labor by gender in rural Etruscan society (B) The poor treatment of slaves in ancient Greece (C) Activities of children in Sumerian society (D) Men and women working in the fields in ancient Egypt Roman soldiers celebrating a victory (E) (A) The use of linear perspective in painting (B) The use of marble as a medium for statuary (C) The dome (D) The portico (E) Fresco painting 12 WESTERN CIVILIZATION 42. The Normans gained control of England at the battle of (A)Naseby (B)Agincourt (C) Stamford Bridge (D)B ayeux (E)Hastings 43. Which of the following describes Luther's reaction to the Peasants' Revolt of 1525? (A)He first sought what he considered a balanced solution and then strongly supported the lords. (B) He abandoned his initial support of the lords in favor of the peasants. (C) He sought throughout to act as a mediator between the lords and peasants. (D)He declined to act on the grounds that his ministry did not concern itself with politics. (E)He called on the Holy Roman Emperor to intervene. 46. Which of the following was the site of a tenth-century monastery that became the center of an important monastic reform movement? (A) Aachen (B)Avignon (C) Canossa (D)Chartres (E) Cluny 47. Which of the following contributed to Portugal's lead in overseas expansion in the fifteenth century? I. The creation of accurate maps II. The development of better navigational instruments III. Improvement in the design of ships IV.Availability of large numbers of galley slaves (A) I only (B) II and III only (C) I, IL and III only (D)I, II, and IV only (E) II, III, and IV only 44. The height of the medieval papacy came with his pontificate . . . In the year before his death he called the greatest church council since antiquity, attended by five hundred bishops and even by the patriarchs of Constantinople and Jerusalem. 48. Which of the following best characterizes medieval town charters? The pope referred to in the passage above is (A) They provided townspeople with legal and political freedoms that were not available to peasants and serfs. (B) They were always granted by the reigning secular ruler. (C) They permitted townspeople to spend all tax revenue they collected on the needs of their town. (D) They let peasants migrate freely to the towns. (E) They always provided for popularly elected assemblies that made the towns' laws. (A)Julius II (B)Urban II (C) Innocent III (D)Nicholas V (E)Pius II 45. Which of the following was true of medieval universities? (A)They taught only philosophy. (B) They were open only to men of noble birth. (C) They were considered subversive of the feudal system by many kings. (D)They were corporations of teachers and students. (E) They emphasized instruction in the vernacular. I 13 WESTERN CIVILIZATION 49. Which of the following was involved most directly in the political persecution of Martin Luther? 52. The Treaty of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648, resulted in (A) a defeat for Swedish imperialism in northern Europe (B) the consolidation of Bourbon control over Germany (C) ratification of the territorial fragmentation of Germany (D) a step toward restoring ieligious unity in Europe (E) the restoration of an independent kingdom of Bohemia (A) Frederick III. Elector of Saxony (B) Emperor Charles V (C) Ignatius of Loyola (D) King Henry VIII of England (E) Huldrych Zwingli 50. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. recruits for the elite Janissary corps of the Ottoman Empire were drawn primarily from which of the following groups? (A) Well-to do Christian merchants (B) Sufi religious preachers (C) Noble Muslim landowners (D)Children of Christian peasants (E) Muslim prisoners of war 51. "You must realize this: that a prince, and especially a new prince, cannot observe all those things which give men a reputation for virtue, because in order to maintain his state he is often foxed to act in defiance of good faith. of charity. of kindness, of religion." 53. The Assyrians achieved great success in the eighth and seventh centuries B.C.E. as a result of (A) their emphasis on diplomacy and negotiation (B) the location of their homeland in modern day northern Iraq (C) the size and organization of their army (D) their peaceful assimilation of diverse peoples into their empire (E) the linguistic unity of their empire 54. Which of the following statements is true of women in the High Middle Ages? (A) Courtly literature portrayed aristocratic women as objects of devotion. (B) Formal education was available to middle class women. (C) Joining a religious order was not an option available to women. (D) Only propertied widows were allowed to re marry. (E) Women artisans often joined guilds. The quote above addresses which of the following in Renaissance Italy? (A) The transitory nature of political power (B) The threat of papal power (C) The dangers of political liberty (D) The threat of French invasion (E) The bad reputation of certain Renaissance artists 14 WESTERN C I V I 55. Which of the following was a major feature of the Hebrew religion? (A) It promoted the belief that the Hebrews were God's chosen people. (B) It allowed the worship of different gods and goddesses. (C) It owed much of its theology to ancient Mesopotamian religious cults. It (D) did not apply to the social. political. or economic areas of life. (E) It made its greatest impact in the arts and architecture. 59. Russia's Time of Troubles (1598-1613) ended with which of the following? (A) The expulsion of a Polish occupying army and the election of a new ruling family (B) The ejection of the Mongol/Tatar occupiers from Russia (C) A successful war against the Turks (D) The annexation of Ukraine (E) Massive serf revolts 60. Which of the following individuals did the most to spread Greek culture? (A) Aristotle (B) Xerxes (C) Ptolemy (D) Euclid (E) Alexander the Great 56. A major effect of the flying buttress used in the construction of Gothic buildings was to (A) eliminate the use of mortar (B) reduce the size of the clerestory (C) allow more light into the buildings (D) reduce the construction costs of religious buildings (E) create the optical illusion that cathedrals were wider at their bases L1ZATION 61. In the period 1000-1500 c.E.. Muslims.and Christians differed in regard to which of the following? (A) Belief in one all-powerful god (B) Belief in war in God's name (C) Belief in ancient prophecies ( D) Portrayal of religious figures in art (E) Toleration of polytheistic religions 57. Which of the following is the most important factor that enabled the First Crusade to succeed? (A) Participation of women (B) Superior firepower of the papal armies (C) Neutrality maintained by the papacy (D) Disunity of the Muslim world (E) Desire for a Jewish state 62. Which of the following most accurately defines feudalism? (A) A system of strong central government (B) A system of centralized economic distribution (C) An agreement to substitute money payments for military service (D) A system based on land grants given in exchange for military service (E) A religious movement 58. Which of the following rightfully could be called the Empire of the Steppe? (A) The Ottoman Empire (B) The Mongol Empim (C) The Parthian Empire (D) The Byzantine Empire (E) The T'ang Empire 15 W# ST C IVILIZATION 63. The bubonic plague led to improvements in which of the following? 67. An important contribution of Thomas Aquinas was his effort to (A) reconcile reason and the teachings of Aristotle with Christian faith (A) Workers' wages (B) Church administration (C) Prison conditions (B) reestablish the supremacy of the Pope (C) defeat the Franks (D) win northern Africa hack from Islam (D) Transportation (E) Bookbinding (E) halt the progress of the Reformation in Spain 64. Augustine (354-430) asserted in his City of God. written between 413 and 426. that (A) laws and government are unnecessary in a Christian society 68. Which of the following is a true statement regarding John Calvin? (B) humans must strive for spiritual purity. not earthly pleasures (A) He agreed with both Luther and Zwingli on the Eucharist. (C) sexual abstinence is unnatural (D) God rarely intervenes in the events of human history (B) He opposed the doctrine of predestination. (C) He emphasized the omnipotence and omnipresence of God. (D) He believed in the separation of church and state. (E) Jesus Christ is not divine (E) He practiced religious tolerance when he governed Geneva. 65. The Age of Pericles was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT (A) the political domination of Greece by Macedon 69. The Investiture Controversy pitted Pope Gregory VII against which of the following? (B) the historical writings of 14erodotus (C) an ambitious building program (A) Henry III (B) Henry IV (D) the expansion of the Delian League (E) reforms of Athenian democracy (C) Frederick Barbarossa (D) Maximilian (E) Charles V 66. Which ancient culture produced the "Epic of Gilgamesh"? 70. The constitution of the Roman Republic was comparable to the constitution of England in that it was (A) Egyptian (B) Hittite (C) Assyrian (D) Hebrew (A) appended with a bill of rights (E) Sumerian (C) never a written document (B) written in Latin ( D) intended to provide limits on the ruler and the nobility (E) designed primarily to protect the rights of the lower classes 16 WESTERN CIVILIZATION 71. The controversies that occurred within the Christian church between the third and fifth centuries C.E. were principally concerned with the (A) divinity of Jesus' mother (B) Eucharist (communion) as a central component of Christian religious ritual (C) nature of Jesus Christ and the doctrine of the Trinity (D)proper role of missionaries in spreading Christianity throughout the Roman Empire (E) role of monastic orders in governing the Christian church 74. The Byzantine emperor Justinian is best known for his contributions to (A) historical writings (B) civil law (C) Christian theology (D)astronomy (E) philosophy 75. Magna Carta, signed by King John of England in 1215, did which of the following? (A) It established a written constitution for England. (B) It determined that education should be controlled by monastic houses. (C) It ensured that all landowners possessed the right to vote. (D) It regulated social and legal relations between the king and the great lords of England. (E) It established the supremacy of the English Parliament. 72. Which of the following best describes the aim of the Benedictine Rule, written in 529 by Benedict of Nursia? (A) To isolate monks from the rest of the world to pursue the ideal of complete self-denial (B) To create a disciplined and effective organization to carry out spiritual work (C) To provide the papacy in Rome with loyal followers To (D) establish a hierarchy of church officials in western Europe separate from the hierarchy in eastern Europe (E) To prevent the use of images in western churches I 76. Which of the following best summarizes the lasting impact of the reign of Henry VII (Henry Tudor) on England? (A) It produced the first major confrontation between king and Parliament over budgetary issues. (B) It led to the establishment of a national legal system based on trial by jury. (C) It resulted in the return to England of all territories lost in the Hundred Years' War. (D) It marked the beginnings of English colonization of North America. (E) It ended the Wars of the Roses and led to greater political centralization. 73. The Greek city-state of Sparta is best defined as a (A) tribal state based upon kinship (B)participatory democracy (C) conservative military oligarchy (D)society that placed great emphasis on the arts (E) society in which women had no public role 17 WESTERN CIVILIZATION 77. The execution of Mary Queen of Scots was the catalyst for which of the following? 80. The schism in Islam between Shi' ites and Sunnis occurred primarily over which of the following? (A) The marriage of Muhammad (B) Regional rivalries (C) Tribal disputes over territory (D)Disputes between Umayyad caliphs over political authority (E) The question of succession to the caliphate (A) The Dutch revolt against Spain (B) The political union of Scotland and England (C) Puritan opposition to Elizabeth I (D)The sailing of the Spanish Armada (E) An alliance between Scotland and France 78. Male Spartans were able to dedicate their lives to full-time military training and service because (A) Sparta supported itself with treasure and tribute from foreign conquests (B) Sparta's foreign colonies provided financial support for the army (C) Sparta had extensive silver mines (D)non-Spartan slaves (helots) provided the labor for the Spartan economy (E) non-Spartan merchants paid taxes based on foreign trade 79. The dominance of Mediterranean trade by Italian city-states can be traced to the (A)Crusades (B)Ciompi Revolt (C)plague (D)rise of the M licis (E) defeat of France I 81. The quest for economic self-sufficiency, the expansion of colonial possessions, and the introduction of manufacturing standards are most closely associated with (A)bartering (B) laissez-faire (C)utopianism (D)mercantilism (E) capitalism 82. In the thirteenth century c E., which of the following was a major point of contact between people of Muslim, Jewish, and Western Christian cultures? (A)Rome (B)Paris (C)Aachen (D)Sicily (E) Milan 18 WESTERN CIVILIZATION 83. The eleventh and twelfth centuries saw a growing emphasis on which Biblical figure as an object of Christian devotion? 85. Which statement most accurately reflects the status of Jews in early medieval European society (circa 500-1000 c.E.)? (A) They were forced to either convert to Christianity or emigrate in many western and central European countries. They were completely excluded from (B) property ownership and participated in only a few urban professions. (C) They were persecuted more vigorously by the rulers of Muslim Spain than they were persecuted by Christian rulers elsewhere in Europe. ( D) They were present in many urban communities. frequently spoke the same language as non-Jews. and occasionally owned rural estates. (E) They were largely absent from many European countries, with the exception of Germany and Italy. (A) Moses (B) Mary (C) Peter (D) Paul (E) Judith 84. Which of the following pairs of religious thinkers or leaders most directly challenged Christian orthodoxy in pm-Reformation Europe? (A) John Wycliffe and Jan Hus (B) Isabella I of Spain and Ferdinand [I of Spain (C) Hildegard of Bingen and Catherine of Siena (D) Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham (E) Joan of Are and Christine de Pisan 19 WESTERN CIVILIZATION Study Resources Most textbooks used in college-level Western civilization courses cover the topics in the outline given earlier, but the approaches to certain topics and the emphases given to them may differ. To prepare for the Western Civilization I exam, it is advisable to study one or more college textbooks, which can be found in most college bookstores. When selecting a textbook, check the table of contents against the knowledge and skills required for this test. You may also find it helpful to supplement your reading with books listed in the bibliographies found in most history textbooks. In addition, contemporary historical novels, plays and films provide rich sources of information. Actual works of art in museums can bring to life not only the reproductions found in books but history itself Visit www.collegeboard.org/clepprep for additional Western civilization resources. You can also find suggestions for exam preparation in Chapter IV of the Official Study Guide. In addition. many college faculty post their course materials on their schools' websites. Answer Key 1. D 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. B A A C E A A B D E A C C E D E A B A E C B A E D D B E C E C C C D E A D C I) A E A 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. C D E C A B D A C C A A C D B A E D D A B A E A C B C C B C B D E D D A E D D B A D I