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ANCIENT ORIGINS OF MUSIC IN THE BEGINNING… People have been making music almost as long as there have been people. The first utterances of music were vocalizations and body percussion such as clapping. Musicians were making instruments that produced different pitches in large quantities in 3100 BC, but evidence of instruments came long before this. PREHISTORIC MUSIC: Before 36,000 BC: Whistles and flutes. 6000 BC: Turkish cave paintings show drummers and dancers. 4000 BC: Bells, cymbals, and horns are found. 4000 BC: Stone carvings show string instruments from West Asia. OLDEST INSTRUMENT: The Divje Babe Flute is made of bone, a cave bear femur, and is believed to be an instrument played by Neanderthals. Visual images are seen in art work such as petroglyphs. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA: In Mesopotamian cities produced cuneiforms (clay tablets) that mention music and show earliest form of musical notation. Pictures and other art work on temple walls show musicians with instruments. -This Babylonian Cuneiform shows musical notation dating from 2000-1700 BC. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIAN INSTRUMENTS: Surviving instruments include lyres, harps, lutes, pipes, drums, bells, and other percussion instruments. The evidence we see comes from the ruling/upper class of the Mesopotamian societies. LYRE: HARP: DRUM: THE USES OF MUSIC IN MESOPOTAMIA: Rituals such as weddings and funerals included music. It is seen in daily life in the form of lullabies, work songs , and dance music. It provided festival entertainment, aided in religious ceremonies, and was a form of storytelling. WRITTEN RECORDS FROM MESOPOTAMIA: Written records described instruments, tuning procedures, performers, techniques, and genres (types of musical compositions). Written records describe the earliest composer, Enheduanna, the high Priestess of Ur. She composed hymns to various Gods and Goddesses. Only the text of her hymns survive. BABYLONIA : 1800 BC Evidence of instructions for tuning a string instrument using a seven note scale is found. The development of interval theory is used to create the earliest known notation system, but is very vague in its description. As a result most music is performed from memory or simply improvised (made up on the spot). This description of musical notation would later influence the Greeks.