Download BIO101 Unit 4

BIO102 Unit 1
Human organization
Glossary
adipose tissue
a type of connective tissue that contains enlarged fibroblasts that store fat. This tissue is found
beneath the skin, around the kidneys and on the surface of the heart.
anterior
toward or at the front of the body. The breastbone is anterior to the spine.
bone
connective tissue having a matrix of inorganic salts (mainly calcium salts) and protein fibers.
The salts give bones rigidity and the fibers provide bones with elasticity and strength.
blood
type of connective tissue composed of a liquid matrix (plasma) containing inorganic and organic
substances and formed elements (blood cells)
cardiac muscles
the type of muscle tissue only found in the heart
cartilage
a connective tissue in which cells lie within lacunae separated by a flexible matrix.
cells
the basic unit of living things. The structural and functional unit of a living thing.
collagen fibers
white protein fibers that gives connective tissue flexibility and strength.
columnar
column shaped cells of epithelial tissue that line the digestive tract and the oviducts.
compact bone
hard bone consisting cylindrical circular units called osteons with osteocytes (bone cells) located
in spaces called lacunae arranged around a central canal which contains nerves and blood
vessels.
connective tissue
a type of tissue characterized by cells separated by a matrix that often contains fibers.
cuboidal
cube shaped cells of epithelial tissue that line the kidney tubules.
deep
away from the body surface; more internal. The lungs are deep to the skin.
dense fibrous connective tissue
dense connective tissue that contains collagen fibers packed tightly together providing the
strength that are found in tendons and ligaments.
distal
farther from the origin of a body part. The knee is distal to the thigh.
dorsal
towards the top of the body of an animal that walks on four legs. On the human body dorsal is
towards the back of the body.
elastic cartilage
a type of cartilage that contains a abundance of elastic fibers making this cartilage more flexible.
It is found in the outer ear.
elastic fibers
a yellow fiber that is composed a protein called elastin that is not as strong as collagen fibers but
more elastic.
endocrine
glands that secrete their products directly into the blood stream.
epithelial tissue
a type of tissue that consists of tightly packed cells that forms a continuous layer or lining: lines
internal cavities and covers the entire body.
exocrine
glands that secrete their products into ducts which lead directly to an organ or outside the body.
fibrocartilage
a type of cartilage that contains strong collagen fibers found in pads between vertebrae and in
knee joints.
frontal plane
an imaginary cut the divides the body into dorsal and ventral protions.
gland
a cell or group of epithelial cells that are specialized to produce and secrete a substance.
hyaline cartilage
cartilage composed of very fine collagen fibers and a matrix having a milky appearance.
inferior
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body. The navel is inferior
to the chin.
lateral
away from the midline of the body. The arms are lateral to the chest.
loose fibrous connective tissue
loose connective tissue contain cells called fibroblasts which are scattered in a matrix containing
both collagen and elastic fibers. This tissue allows for the expansion of lungs, arteries and the
bladder.
matrix
unstructured semifluid substance that fills the spaces between cells in connective issues.
medial
toward or at the midline of the body. The heart is medial to the arm.
muscular tissue
a type of tissue that composed of fibers that can shorten resulting in the contraction of muscles
and sometimes the movement of body parts.
neuron
nerve cell that consists of three parts: dendrites, cell body and axons.
organism
a living thing capable of performing the major requisites of life.
organs
combination of two or more different tissues performing a common function: heart, lung brain
organ system
group of related organs working together.
platelets
cell fragments of thrombocytes that are essential for blood clotting
posterior
toward or at the back of the body. The heart is posterior to the breastbone.
proximal
closer to the origin of the body part. The elbow is proximal to the wrist.
pseudostratified epithelial tissue
type of epithelial tissue that appears to be multilayered but is only composed of a single layer of
cells.
reticular connective tissue
has a matrix composed of reticular fibers found in the lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow.
reticular fibers
very thin types of collagen fibers that a highly branched that form delicate supporting networks
sagittal plane
an imaginary cut that divides the body into right and left portions.
simple epithelial tissue
type of epithelial tissue that is one cellular layer thick.
skeletal muscles
striated, involuntary muscle tissue that makes up those muscles that are attached to bones
smooth muscles
visceral or involuntary muscles of blood vessels, the digestive and respiratory systems.
spongy bone
type of bone that composed of thin plates that are filled with red bone marrow where blood cells
are produced found at the ends of long bones.
squamous
flat type cells of epithelial tissue that lines the lungs, blood vessels and the skin..
stratified epithelial tissue
type of epithelial tissue that is many layers thick.
superficial
toward or at the body surface (external). The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles.
superior
toward the head end or upper part of a structure or body. The head is superior to the abdomen.
transverse
an imaginary cut that divides the body into upper and lower portions.
tissues
group of similar cells which perform a common function. In the human body there are four types
of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue.
ventral
on an animal that walks on four legs ventral is towards the bottom of the animal. On the human
body ventral refers to the front of the body.