Download Silk Road

Mohamad Adada
Mr. Tavernia
AP World/P.5
Packet C
Economic: The Silk Road
The Silk Road was one of 5 major trade routes in the classical period including the
Trans-Saharan, Sub Saharan, and Indian Ocean trade routes. The Silk Road stretched all the way
from China to the mediterranean region, and connected their diverse cultures. This trade route
was established during the Han dynasty of China, who traded a lot of silk hence the name “Silk
Road” and ended in the 15th century as a result of the convenience of sea trade. Many empire
traded along this route including Romans, Indians, Parthians, and the Chinese. Also, many goods
other than silk were traded like fruits, spices, paper, woven goods, dye and animals along with a
plethora of other luxuries. Along with Physical commodities traded on the Silk Road, were
cultures like Buddhism which spread from India by merchants and missionaries to china, and
was split into the sects Theravada (Buddha as teacher) located in southern Asia and Mahayana
(Buddha as divine) in China.
Anam Ahmed
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History Period 5
Packet C
Economic: Silk Road
The Silk Road was an extensive land trade route and communication network. It
extended from western China to the Mediterranean area while crossing through central
Asia. This was not one single route but a series of routes and passages that had
multiple stops along the way. The spots where goods were exchanged became major
towns. Products could make it from one end of the road to the other, but most
merchants did not travel the whole way.
Different areas along the way had specialties in certain products. The major
participants were the Chinese, Indians, Parthians, central Asians, Romans, and central
Asian nomads. China produced silk fabrics of high quality because their weavers had
mastered the technique to create it. Many Roman people valued this silk. Porcelain And
paper products also originated in China.
Some of the most traded commodities were spices. They had various uses in
condiments and flavoring agents, but also for drugs, anesthetics, and aphrodisiacs.
Spices such as cleaves, nutmeg, mace, and cardamom came from Southeast Asia.
Ginger and cinnamon came from China and pepper and sesame oil from India. India
also exported cotton textiles, pearls, coral, and jade. Rome contributed glassware, iron
tools, olive oil, and wine.
Alex Andreozzi
Mr. Tavernia
Ap World History P.5
Packet C
Theme 4: Lydian Coinage
Lydian coinage was first used by the Lydian people as a form of
economic value. This coinage was a piece of metal such as gold and silver
whose value was guaranteed by the state. These coins may have been
irregular in shape, but they were made by a specific weight standard.
Lydian coinage was a popular form of economic coinage that soon spread
to Greek coastal cities shortly after being minted in Lydia. These is an
important economic development because it led away from the use of
barter systems in some places of the world.
William Block
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History
Packet C
Economic Packet C
The economy during this period was enhanced by the many trade
routes that emerged during the period. The Indian Ocean trade routes was
a large trade route that was located in South Asia. It consisted of ports and
was and went from Africa to Indonesia. The Silk road was another big trade
route that was all over Southeast Asia. it connected China and the Middle
East. Trans-Saharan and Sub-Saharan trade routes were some main trade
routes in Africa. This affected the economy of the time by allowing currency
to emerge and enabled value. Some of the products traded on these routes
were cinnamon and silk.
The Trireme was a boat that was used for transporting goods by
water. It was invented by the Greeks and was used by people rowing with
three sets of oars.
Yasmine Charles-Harris
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History / Period 5
Packet: C
[Economic]: (Corvée Labor)
Corvée is a form of unpaid, ​unfree labor​, which is intermittent in nature and for limited periods
of time: typically only a certain number of days' work each year. Statute labour is a corvée
imposed by a ​state for the purposes of ​public works​.
As such it represents a form of levy. Unlike other
forms of levy, such as a ​tithe​, a corvée does not
require the population to have land, crops or cash. It
was thus favored in historical economies in which
barter was more common than cash transactions
and/or circulating money is in short supply. The
obligation for tenant farmers to perform corvée work
for landlords on private ​landed estates has been
widespread throughout history. The term is most
typically used in reference to ​medieval and ​early
modern Europe​, where work was often expected by a
feudal landowner, or by a monarch of their subjects.
However, the application of the term is not limited to
that time or
place; corvée has existed in modern and ancient Egypt,
ancient Israel under Solomon, ​ancient Rome, China and
Japan, everywhere in continental Europe, the ​Incan
civilization, ​Haiti under ​Henri Christophe​and under
American occupation of Haiti​, and Portugal's African
colonies until the mid-1960s. Forms of statute labour existed until the early twentieth century in
the United States and Canada.
Sofia del Rio
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/Period 5
Packet: C
The Silk Road
The Silk Road was an ancient trade route that connected Asia with Europe. It became a main
source of cultural, economic, and political exchange. This was not just one road, but many and the trade
that occurred all along several key trade routes that connected east to west. This caravan network of trade
routes established during the Han Dynasty that linked the regions of the ancient world. The Silk Road was
not one continuos road, it was many routes are heading in the same direction. The Silk Roads ran from
Western China to the Mediterranean. From the Mediterranean the brought horses, and fruits to the West,
and China sent silk, fruits, spices, pottery, and paper. All the goods sent to the Mediterranean were for the
upper class people, for peasants couldn’t afford the luxuries that were being traded. But goods weren’t the
only things traded, ideas and disease spread as well. Military technologies such the introduction of
gunpowder to the western world, were also exchanged. The bubonic plague also made its way along the
Silk Road. The downfall of the silk road was due to political chaos and the introduction of sea-faring
Trade. Political chaos throughout the region meant that the trade routes were difficult to maintain and
water access ran dry in many of the trading centers. But most importantly mercantilism was gaining
popularity, because it was easier to sail a ship to the source of the goods than to walk many miles to get
there.
Jose Duran
Mr. Tavernia
Economic : Patron/Client Relationship
A patron/client relationship was the most common type of relation between
the social classes of Rome during the Classical Period. The more common
names for this type of relationship were patricians and plebeians. In a
patron/client agreement, the patron is usually a rich individual that is looking
to provide the client with money in exchange for the client’s products. The
client is usually a poor individual that know how to craft certain products but
doesn't have a lot of money. This relationship was an efficient way to trade
work for resources and it is one of the many reasons as to why the Roman
Empire is viewed as one of the longest surviving empires. The patrons were
mostly a part of the Roman Senate because of their contributions to society.
The final agreement between patrons and clients was that patrons would
protect clients if they cooperated in their part of the relationship.
Sofia Godoy
Mr. Tavernia
Period 5
Packet C: Classical Civilizations
Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems:
Indian Ocean Maritime System
Existing in premodern times, the Indian Ocean Maritime System occurred throughout
three main regions: the South China Sea, Southeast Asia to the east coast of India, the west coast
of India to the Persian Gulf and East Africa. Respectively, the regions were primarily comprised
of Chinese and Malays, Malays and Indians, and Persians and Arabs. Unlike in Mediterranean
trade, the ships of the Indian Ocean maritime system often traveled further from the coast, thanks
to technologies such as the lateen sail and the creation of the Dhow ships. The Indian Ocean
Maritime System was also facilitated by advanced knowledge of monsoons, or seasonal winds.
By doing this, ties to home began to break and new cultural practices, languages, and religions,
such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism, were spread at an unprecedented rate. Commodities
traded throughout the Indian Ocean included exotic animals, ivory, pigments, pearls, pottery,
spices, tropical fruits, and wood. Major empires involved in the Indian Ocean Maritime System
were the Mauryan Empire in India, the Han Dynasty in China, the Roman Empire in the
Mediterranean, and the Achaemenid Empire in Persia.
Silk Road
The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that for centuries were central to
cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the East and West from
China to the Mediterranean Sea. While the term is of modern coinage, the Silk Road derives its
name from the lucrative trade in Chinese silk carried out along its length, beginning during the
Han dynasty. The Han dynasty expanded Central Asian sections of the trade routes around 114
BCE, largely through missions and explorations of the Chinese imperial envoy. The Chinese
took great interest in the safety of their trade products and extended the Great Wall of China to
ensure the protection of the trade route. Trade on the Silk Road played a significant role in the
development of the civilizations of China, the Indian subcontinent, Persia, Europe, the Horn of
Africa and Arabia, opening long-distance political and economic relations between the
civilizations. Though silk was certainly the major trade item exported from China, many other
goods were traded, and religions, syncretic philosophies, and various technologies, as well as
diseases, also spread along the Silk Routes. In addition to economic trade, the Silk Road was a
route for cultural trade among the civilizations along its network.
Sydni Josowitz
Mr Tavernia
World History AP P5
9 November 2016
Economic: Murex Snails
Murex Snails were very important for the classical Phoenicians during 600 BCE
to 600 CE. Murex snails are a type of tropical sea snails that secrete a beautiful and
highly valued range of dyes. They could be found on the bottom of the Mediterranean
Sea. The pigments can range from a variety of red and purple shades called Tyrian
purple. During this time, the dye from these snails was used to color robes and other
cultural garments mostly of Persian and Hellenistic kings. Having clothes with this dye
showed wealth and power because they were so expensive at the time. They were
expensive because of the process of getting the dye. 9,000 snails were needed to make
just 1 gram of the famous dye. These Murex snails were a major commodity during the
classical period and fueled the economy.
Mark Kava
Tavernia
World History AP/Period 5
Packet C
Economic- Silk Road
The silk road is a trade network that extended from east China all the way to the
Mediterranean. It extended more than 4,600 miles; however, there was no specific route
as it was more of a concept. The silk road was also responsible for the spread of
knowledge and ideas among diverse groups that belonged to different empires, and
tribes.
Many commodities were also traded on the silk road. China provided many
resources including silk, which they had a monopoly on. In addition, the Chinese
exported teas, salt, sugar, and spices. Spices were extremely important because they
were used for medical purposes.
The Romans contributed and traded wine, olive oil, steel just to name a few of
the items they traded.
Thomas Lovegren
Mr.Tavernia
AP Human Geography
Packet C
AP theme: Trade & Commerce
In the classical era, trade routes flourished and prospered. Such land routes as
the silk road allowed empires to trade their goods, services, and other commodities.
These trade routes were quite safe to travel along and the goods and other
commodities flowed alongside their merchant counterparts. These exchange systems
provided through road building by empires, strengthened trade within intrastate and
interstate affairs. Technology and religion also flowed freely among these superhighway
systems of exchange be it goods, knowledge, or beliefs.
Elizabeth Matei
Mr. Tavernia
World History AP/ Period 5
Packet: C
Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems: Silk Road
The Silk Road was a major trade network that was established during the Han Dynasty
and linked West China to the Mediterranean. The beginning of the Silk Road actually came
before the Han Dynasty. It was known as the Persian Royal Road (set up during the Achaemenid
Empire). This road made up a substantial part of the actual Silk Road that followed years later.
Horses were often seen on the Silk Road, and not only for trading purposes, but for cavalry and
fights that took place in areas near the Silk Road. The name of the Silk Road came from the idea
that the commodity of silk was highly valued and wanted by Egypt, Greece, and most notably,
Rome. Silk was created and often used in China. Sadly, the Silk Road also exchanged disease,
which decreased the populations of many different empires. The most important value of the Silk
Road, surprisingly, is not the money it allowed certain empires to make, the power it gave to
certain empires, or even the winnings of battles by certain empires, but rather the insane amount
of different cultures it was able to diffuse. Cultures from across Eurasia were to able to be spread
and in result able to be sustained not only in their new settlement, but also in their original
area/region. Overall, the Silk Road was a very impactful economic system that altered the path of
current empires in its time and many future civilizations.
Alba Minxha
Mr. Travernia
AP World History Period 5
Packet C
Theme 4 Agriculture and Pastoral Production: Sakia
Sakia, also known as the persian water wheel, is a mechanical water lifting device that
was mainly used for irrigation in India and Hellenistic Egypt. The device works by using
buckets, jars, or scoops attached to a vertical wheel. The vertical wheel is then attached to a drive
shaft by another horizontal wheel. They key difference between the sakia and the noria comes
from the power source. The sakia traditionally uses animal power, such as oxen or donkeys;
while the noria was powered by water.
In areas in India and Egypt where the land was dry, a convenient method was needed to
bring water to the crops; in return, farmers adopted the sakia. The sakia was more efficient and
reliable than the noria. As a result of its efficiency, farmers could irrigate more land and water
more crops, causing agriculture production to increase. This important invention helped make
crops easier to grow, and agriculture production to become much more stable, and successful.
Emily Namm
Michael Tavernia
AP World History/Period 5
Packet C
[Economic]: Trireme
A trireme is a fast and maneuverable ship, believed to be invented by the
Phoenicians for trade across the Mediterranean. Athens largely popularized them,
when they built a powerful navy consisting of triremes which they used to control
the Aegean Sea.
The trireme was named after its
arrangement of rowers. It had three
rows of rowers along the sides of the
ship. The total number of rowers on
one ship is estimated to be between
170 and 180 people, and the ship
could go as fast as ten knots. The
triremes were never longer than 40
meters. They were usually made out
of light softwoods such as pine, fir or
cypress, which put the weight of one
ship around 50 tons. This was light
enough for the crew to be able to
carry the ship onto a beach, were it ever necessary. When used for military
purposes, specifically in the Athenian navy, triremes also usually had a battering
ram on the prow.
Later in the Classical Period, triremes were again used for trade. They were
used to transport crops around the Mediterranean Sea, and were much faster than
using alternative land routes.
Alexander Rabin
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History P.5
Packet C
Economic: Silk Road
The Silk Road was an overland trade route that stretched from China, across Central Asia, and to
the Mediterranean. The silk road was started by the Parthians, who shared customs with Central
Asian peoples. At the same time, Chinese explorers interacted with Central Asian cultures and
sought to trade. Trade towns were established along the way and the route often branched off
toward different areas, such as South Asia. Silk, spices, pottery and paper traveled from the east
to the west. Horses, grapes, weapons, and nuts were traded from west to east. Central Asian
nomads moved the process along. Diversity of population was also improved by the Silk Road as
people often settled in the new places they encountered. Religions like Buddhism and
Christianity were also spread on the Silk Road in the form of merchants and missionaries. Fine
metals were also traded by the Romans and spread their ideals west.
Scott Robins
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History, Period 5
Packet C
Economic: Patron/Client Relationship
A patron/client relationship was a very common relationship in the
Classical Period in Rome. In this relationship, the patron, which is a
wealthy person, offers the client money and protection in return for the
client's economic support. On the other hand, the client is very poor and
accepts the Patron’s money. This social relationship helped keep both, the
client and Patron, very happy. Also, if the client and patron both do their
parts, the patron should be able to stay in power for a while.
Sean Robins
Mr. Tavernia
AP World
Packet C
Economic: Silk Road
The Silk Road is a caravan route connecting China and the Middle East. The Silk
Road plays a significant role in trading goods between nations such as China’s
paper products, ginger, and cinnamon. South East Asian goods traded were spices
such nutmeat, mace, cardamom, and cloves. One last trading good is South West
Asia which had sesame oil. This trading route has been used and has had positive
effects and adverse effects on empires. One negative effect is that it spread disease
such as smallpox within the Han Dynasty. This lowered trade and made it regional.
Alejandro Sosa
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History P.5
Packet: C
Portfolio Economic: Silk Road
The Silk Road was a network of trade routes, formally established during the Han
Dynasty of China, which linked the regions of the ancient world in commerce. As the
Silk Road was not a single thoroughfare from east to west, the term 'Silk Routes’ has
become increasingly favored by historians, though 'Silk Road’ is the more common and
recognized name. The history of the Silk Road pre-dates the Han Dynasty in practice,
however, as the Persian Royal Road, which would come to serve as one of the main
arteries of the Silk Road, was established during the Achaemenid (500-330 BCE). The
Persian Royal Road ran from Susa, in north Persia to the Mediterranean Sea in Asia
Minor. While many different kinds of merchandise traveled along the Silk Road, the
name comes from the popularity of Chinese silk with the west, especially with Rome.
The Silk Road routes stretched from China through India, Asia Minor, up throughout
Mesopotamia, to Egypt, the African continent, Greece, Rome, and Britain. The northern
Mesopotamian region became China’s closest partner in trade, as part of the Parthian
Empire, initiating important cultural exchanges. For some time it was closed until
reopened by the Tang Empire in 639 when Hou Junji conquered the Western Regions,
and remained open for almost four decades. It was also closed after the Tibetans
captured it in 678, but in 699, during Empress Wu’s period, the Silk Road reopened
when the Tang reconquered the Four Garrisons of​ ​Anxi, which were originally installed
in 640, and once again again connected China directly to the West for land-based trade.
The Mongol Expansion throughout the Asian continent from around 1207 to 1360
helped bring political stability and re-established the Silk Road. It also brought an end to
the dominance of the Islamic Caliphate over world trade. Because the Mongols came to
control the trade routes, trade circulated throughout the region, though they never
abandoned their nomadic lifestyle. The fragmentation of the Mongol Empire loosened
the political, cultural, and economic unity of the Silk Road. The Silk Road stopped
serving as a shipping route for silk about 1453 with the Ottoman supremacy at
Constantinople. This led to the fragmentation and collapse of the Silk Road.
Saaketh Vedantam
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/Period 5
Packet: C
Economic: Indian Ocean Maritime System
The Indian Ocean Maritime System was a network of seaports, trade routes, and maritime
culture linking countries on the rim of the Indian Ocean from Africa to Indonesia. A group of
multilingual, multiethnic seafarers developed system, and it spread across the Indian Ocean and
the South China Sea. The long term effect of trade across this route was that there were strong
ties between Africa, Arabia, Persia, India, and Southeast Asia and China.
This system traded in three major regions. The first was in the South China Sea, with the
Chinese and Malays dominating trade. The second was from the east coast of India to Southeast
Asia, with the Indians and Malays dominating trade. Finally, from the west coast of India to
Persia and Africa, Persian and Arabic merchants and sailors dominated trade. These three
regions sometimes mixed, when Chinese people travelling to Africa and Persians going to China.
The ships used in this trading system were different from those used in the rest of the
world. For example, Mediterranean boats used square sails and long oars to move through every
island. Also, they nailed their ships together, and needed to stay close to land at all times. On the
other hand, the Indian Ocean sailors used lateen sails, which were triangular and didn’t use oars.
Also, they pierced together their ships and used different materials to keep together the boat,
which allowed them to go far into the ocean.
The Indian Ocean trade impacted many others who had a large demand for products from
the coastal lands. This region had a variety of valuable trading products, such as spices, pearls,
copper, ivory, and plant parts. Overall, the Indian Ocean Maritime System provided a plethora of
wanted goods to other places, but it was limited by its ports’ cultural isolation.
Daniela Velez
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/ 5
Packet: C
Economic: Lydian Coinage
If you’re a fan of carrying loose cash around or just like collecting quarters, you
have the Lydians to thank. The Lydians, people of the kingdom of Lydia in modern
Turkey, were the first people to adopt, or should I say coin, coinage. Made from a
naturally occurring mixture of gold and silver called electrum, Lydian coins were first
produced in the seventh century BCE.
They had an elaborate design on one side
and were irregular in size and shape. The
coin weights ranged from about .15 to 14
grams. Rather than counted, they were
weighed during transactions. Some of the
Lydian coins found have names inscribed on
them in ancient Lydian script, possibly names
of kings or rich men who produced the coins. Introduced before the kingdom fell to the
Persian Empire, the Lydian Slater was the official coin of the Lydian Empire during the
reign of King Alyattes. Lydian coinage soon spread to the Greek cities of coastal Asia
minor and became the model for all subsequent coinage.
Isabella Whiting
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History P5
Packet C
Theme 4- Economic
The fourth main theme of AP World History is the creation, expansion, and
interaction of economic systems. This theme encompasses agricultural and pastoral
production, trade and commerce, labor systems, industrialization, capitalism, and
socialism. This period was a time where many trade routes were expanding such as the
Silk Road and the Indian Ocean Maritime System. The Silk road extended from Western
China to the Mediterranean.From the west to east mostly horses and fruits were traded
while from the east to west silk, fruits,spices,pottery, and paper were what was mostly
traded. The Silk Road was mostly traded by the chinese, indians, parthians, central
asians, and romans. Another of the many trade routes that were present at this time
was the Indian Ocean trade route which went from China to Southeast Asia and India to
eastern africa and the middle east. Mostly pigments, pearls, spices, and tropical fruits
were traded on this route and it was mostly used by the chinese, indians,persians,
arabs, and east africans. This time period was full of the creation and expansion of
trade
increase
well.
routes
in
which
allowed
for
an
economic development as
Kevin Yeung
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History Period 5
Packet C
Theme 4 – Economic: Indian Ocean Maritime System
In contrast to the Silk Road established in Central Asia, the Indian Ocean Maritime
System was a trade network of seaports and trade routes from the Indian Ocean to the South
China Sea. While it wouldn’t affect the empires and kingdoms very greatly, the trade network
would be responsible for establishing economic and cultural connections between the east and
the west. As a result, trade occurred regularly among Mesopotamia, islands of the Persian Gulf,
and the Indus River. These trade routes would be used for hundreds of years and lead to a society
of multilingual and multiethnic seafarers.
The maritime system took place in three
regions. The first was in the South China Sea, where
the Chinese and the Malays dominated trade. The
second region stretched from the east coast of India
to the islands of Southeast Asia and modern
Indonesia. Finally, the third region included the
west coast of India to the east coast of Africa, where
merchants and sailors were mostly Persians and Arabs. For the most part, these trade routes were
determined by the regular steady winds that appeared all year long. Highly predictable and
reliable, it would be these winds, or monsoons, that allowed sailing.
Technological differences between the boats that sailors use in the Indian Ocean and the
ones utilized in the Mediterranean Sea show the differences in development between the two
regions. Boats in the Indian Ocean had triangular sails, lacked oars, and used wooden planks that
were pierced and tied together. However, boats in the Mediterranean had square sails, utilized
oars, and were nailed together. Because of the long distances between trading regions, sailors in
the Indian Ocean spent long occasions at sea and had little contact with their homeland.
The Indian Ocean Maritime System would lead to cultural diffusion of languages and
ideas as well as a diffusion of goods and products. Goods traded from Africa included exotic
animals, wood, and prized ivory. China produced pottery and other luxury goods. Pearls were
traded from the Persian Gulf, and India and Southeast Asia produced rich spices that would bring
Europeans to these regions in the future. Ideas would be spread from one region to another as
well. Indian discoveries, like the invention of zero and naval technologies would diffuse to
civilizations in Arabia, where Arabs would develop similar inventions. Port cities soon became
multilingual and multicultural due to marriage between sailors and local women. Therefore,
women would become an important factor in the merging of cultures. This maritime system
would further develop in the later future, bringing more cultures and goods.