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ATOMIC STRUCTURE THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS Atoms consist of a number of subatomic particles. The most important are: Mass / kg Charge / C Relative mass Relative charge PROTON NEUTRON ELECTRON THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS Atoms consist of a number of subatomic particles. The most important are: PROTON NEUTRON ELECTRON Mass / kg Charge / C Relative mass Relative charge 1.672 x 10-27 +1.602 x 10-19 1 +1 1 0 1 1836 -1 1.675 x 10-27 9.109 x 10-31 0 -1.602 x 10-19 1 MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus Mass Number (A) PROTONS + NEUTRONS 23 Na 11 Atomic Number (Z) PROTONS MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus Mass Number (A) PROTONS + NEUTRONS 23 Na 11 Atomic Number (Z) PROTONS THESE ALWAYS GO TOGETHER – ANYTHING WITH 11 PROTONS MUST BE SODIUM 2 MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus Mass Number (A) PROTONS + NEUTRONS 23 Na 11 Atomic Number (Z) PROTONS MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus THERE WILL BE 12 NEUTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS Mass Number (A) PROTONS + NEUTRONS 23 23 – 11 = 12 Na 11 Atomic Number (Z) PROTONS MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus Mass Number (A) PROTONS + NEUTRONS 23 Na 11 Atomic Number (Z) PROTONS 3 An ion is an atom, or group of atoms, that has a net positive or negative charge. There are two types of ions: 1. Cation: Ion with a positive charge. If a neutral atom loses one or more electrons it becomes a cation. 11 protons 11 electrons Na 2. Anion: 11 protons 10 electrons Na+ Ion with a negative charge. If a neutral atom gains one or more electrons it becomes an anion. 17 protons 17 electrons Cl 17 protons 18 electrons Cl- MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER Protons Neutrons Electrons A 19 21 19 B 20 Charge 0 C + D 6 E 92 F 6 Atomic Number 6 Mass Number Symbol 40 11 23 0 0 235 13 G 16 2- 16 27Al3+ H MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER A Protons Neutrons Electrons Charge Atomic Number Mass Number 19 21 19 0 19 40 40K Symbol B 20 20 20 0 20 40 40Ca C 11 12 10 + 11 23 23Na+ D 6 6 6 0 6 12 12C E 92 143 92 0 92 235 235U F 6 7 6 0 6 13 13C G 16 16 18 2- 16 32 32S2- H 13 14 10 3+ 13 27 27Al3+ 4