Download Atomic Structure

ATOMIC
STRUCTURE
THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
Atoms consist of a number of subatomic particles. The
most important are:
Mass / kg
Charge / C
Relative
mass
Relative
charge
PROTON
NEUTRON
ELECTRON
THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
Atoms consist of a number of subatomic particles. The most
important are:
PROTON
NEUTRON
ELECTRON
Mass / kg
Charge / C
Relative
mass
Relative
charge
1.672 x 10-27
+1.602 x 10-19
1
+1
1
0
1
1836
-1
1.675 x
10-27
9.109 x
10-31
0
-1.602 x
10-19
1
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z)
Number of protons in the
nucleus of an atom
Mass Number (A)
Sum of the protons and
neutrons in the nucleus
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z)
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass Number (A)
Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Mass Number (A)
PROTONS + NEUTRONS
23
Na
11
Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z)
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass Number (A)
Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Mass Number (A)
PROTONS + NEUTRONS
23
Na
11
Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS
THESE ALWAYS GO
TOGETHER – ANYTHING
WITH 11 PROTONS MUST
BE SODIUM
2
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z)
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass Number (A)
Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Mass Number (A)
PROTONS + NEUTRONS
23
Na
11
Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z)
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass Number (A)
Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
THERE WILL BE 12 NEUTRONS
IN THE NUCLEUS
Mass Number (A)
PROTONS + NEUTRONS
23
23 – 11 = 12
Na
11
Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z)
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass Number (A)
Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Mass Number (A)
PROTONS + NEUTRONS
23
Na
11
Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS
3
An ion is an atom, or group of atoms, that has a net positive
or negative charge. There are two types of ions:
1. Cation:
Ion with a positive charge.
If a neutral atom loses one or more electrons
it becomes a cation.
11 protons
11 electrons
Na
2. Anion:
11 protons
10 electrons
Na+
Ion with a negative charge.
If a neutral atom gains one or more electrons
it becomes an anion.
17 protons
17 electrons
Cl
17 protons
18 electrons
Cl-
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
A
19
21
19
B
20
Charge
0
C
+
D
6
E
92
F
6
Atomic
Number
6
Mass
Number
Symbol
40
11
23
0
0
235
13
G
16
2-
16
27Al3+
H
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
A
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Charge
Atomic
Number
Mass
Number
19
21
19
0
19
40
40K
Symbol
B
20
20
20
0
20
40
40Ca
C
11
12
10
+
11
23
23Na+
D
6
6
6
0
6
12
12C
E
92
143
92
0
92
235
235U
F
6
7
6
0
6
13
13C
G
16
16
18
2-
16
32
32S2-
H
13
14
10
3+
13
27
27Al3+
4