Download Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Biology
Name ________________________
Part IV: Photosynthesis and Respiration
Photosynthesis
1. Explain the energy conversion which takes place during photosynthesis.
2. State the molecules needed and produced during cellular respiration by writing the overall
equation in words and chemical formulas.
3. Describe when photosynthesis takes place in a cell and list several factors which improve the
efficiency of the photosynthetic process
4. Describe where photosynthesis occurs in a cell and the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis
5.​Explain the purpose of photosynthesis for a plant by stating several uses for glucose
6. Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of the gases
used and produced during each process
Cellular Respiration
1. Explain the energy conversion which takes place during cellular respiration by citing where
energy is stored in different molecules
2. State the molecules needed and produced during cellular respiration by writing the overall
equation in words and chemical formula
3. Describe when cellular respiration takes place in a cell and the necessity of the process
4. State where cellular respiration takes place in a cell and the role of the membranes involved
5. Describe the role of ATP after it has been produced by cellular respiration
6. Describe the relationship between respiration and photosynthesis in terms of the gases used
and produced during each process
7. Explain the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration in terms of
energy produced and presence of oxygen.
Photosynthesis
Big ideas:
1. Energy for all life comes from the sun
2. In plants, organelles called chloroplasts capture solar energy and convert it into food (glucose)
3. Energy is used to rearrange CO​2​ and H​2​O into molecules of C​6​H​12​O​6 ​ (organic) and O​2​.
A. Plant structure
B. Leaf structure
C. Chloroplast structure
Overall equation:
Light
6CO​2​+ 6H​2​O → C​6​H1​2​O​6​ + 6O​2
Chlorophyll
D. Light dependent and independent reactions of photosynthesis
Light dependent reactions
1. Light strikes chlorophyll: Chlorophyll absorbs R and B light, reflects green
2. Water is split and O​2​ is released
3. Energy is transferred from photons (light) to ATP and NADPH (electron carrier)
Light independent reactions​ or Calvin Cycle
1. ATP (energy) and NADPH (electrons and hydrogens) are used to change CO​2​ into
glucose
2. Glucose can be used or modified
-used: during respiration to make ATP to run life processes
-modified: makes cells walls, cell receptors
E. Factors affecting photosynthesis:
1. Light intensity
2. Temperature
3. CO​2​ concentration
Photosynthesis Explained
Energy
Equation
Solar energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy
stored in glucose molecules.
Needed
light
6CO​2
+
​
Produced
6H​2​O
→
C​6​H1​2​O​6​
+
Time
When does it happen?
When sunlight is available; daytime.
Location
Where does it happen?
Chloroplasts of plant; specifically the mesophyll cells in
leaves.
6O​2
Also, in algae and some unicellular organisms.
Importance
Makes glucose which helps plants power everyday activities:
metabolism, growth, reproduction, cell repair. Also, makes
oxygen which animals consume for respiration.
Relationship to respiration
Energy stored in glucose is transferred to ATP during cellular
respiration. Respiration uses glucose and oxygen to make
ATP and carbon dioxide.
Stages
Light Dependent Rxn: use light energy to create ATP and
NADPH
Light Independent Rxn: use NADPH (electrons and
hydrogens) and ATP (energy) to convert CO2 into glucose
Cellular Respiration
Big ideas:
1. Cellular respiration takes place in all organisms
2. Cellular respiration produces ATP (energy molecule)
3. ATP is used to run life processes for cells
A. What is cellular respiration?
Slow breakdown (oxidation) of glucose to produce ATP. (uses enzymes)
Life processes
growth
transport
excretion
synthesis
movement
B. Equation​: ​C​6​H​12​O​6​ + 6O​2​
6CO​2​ + 6H​2​O + 38ATP (energy)
C. Location: ​This process takes place in the cytoplasm, and then the inner
mitochondrial membrane.
Glucose---- → pyruvate ---------------------------->
cytoplasm
D. Aerobic respiration: occurs when oxygen is available
C​6​H​12​O​6​ + 6O​2​
6CO​2​ + 6H​2​O + 38ATP (energy)
E. Anaerobic respiration: occurs when no oxygen is present or cells are in
oxygen debt
Alcohol fermentation: glucose
carbon dioxide + ethyl alcohol + 2ATP (energy)
Yeast/Bacteria: make bread, beer etc.
Lactic acid fermentation: glucose
Animals/bacteria: muscle fatigue
lactic acid + 2ATP (energy)
Respiration Explained
Energy
From chemical bonds in glucose to ATP molecules. ATP uses
these little bundles of energy to run cell activities.
Needed
Equation
C​6​H​12​O​6​
36ATP
+
Produced
6O​2​
6CO​2​ +
6H​2​O +
Time
When does it happen?
In all organisms all of the time because all organisms need
energy to live.
Location
Where does it happen?
Occurs in cells which contain mitochondria.
Importance
Relationship to
photosynthesis
Stages
Cells are ​powered ​by molecules of ATP made during
respiration. Cells use ATP to: grow, synthesis
macromolecules, move, transport, eliminate wastes.
Respiration uses oxygen produced by plants during
photosynthesis. It also releases carbon dioxide which plants
use for photosynthesis.
Glycolysis: Glucoes → 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH (electron
carriers)
Krebs Cycle: 6 NADH ,2FADH2 ,2ATP
Electron transport chain: use NADH and FADH2 to generate
34 ATP
Photosynthesis and Respiration Compared
Photosynthesis
Energy flow Light ​energy is transferred
into ​chemical energy
(glucose)
Respiration
Chemical energy​ in
glucose is used to power
cell activities
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Equation
6CO​2 ​ + 6H​2​0 → C​6​H​12​O​6​ +
6O​2
C​6​H​12​O​6 ​ + 6O​2 ​ → 6CO​2 ​+
6H​2​0 + 36ATP (energy)
Materials
needed
CO​2
H​2​0
sunlight (energy)
O​2
Materials
produced
O​2
CO​2
H​2​0
ATP (energy)
Reactions
involved
Light dependent rxns and
Light independent rxns
Glycolysis, citric acid
cycle, electron transport
chain
Organelle
responsible
C​6​H​12​O​6
C​6​H​12​O​6
In what
organisms?
Plants and unicellular
All living things
organisms with chlorophyll