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US History- Ch 2.5
*ReconstructionRebuilding the South
after the Civil war,
along with dealing
with former
confederates and
newly freed slaves
*1863 President LincolnProclamation of Amnesty
and Reconstruction
*Lincoln wanted to forgive
Southerners
*But Confederate
government officials and
military officers were not
pardoned
* No longer allowed to vote in
the United States.
RECONSTRUCTION LOYALTY OATH
Oath of Allegiance
No. 584
THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI.
I, ___________, do solemnly swear (or
affirm,) in the presence of Almighty God, that
I will hereafter faithfully support, protect and
defend the Constitution of the UNITED
STATES, and the union of the States there
under; and that I will, in like manner, abide
by, and faithfully support all laws and
proclamations which have been made during
the existing rebellion with reference to the
emancipation of slaves. So help me God.
Robert E Lee was
never pardoned
during his lifetime.
President Gerald
Ford officially
pardoned him in the
1970s
I need to help the
freed slaves and
assist the south in
rebuilding!
• Lincoln realized that
the South was in
chaos with
thousands
unemployed,
homeless, and
hungry.
• Plus newly freed
African-Americans
(known then as
freedmen) were
seeking food and
shelter from the
Union.
Freedmen’s Bureau- In March 1865 Congress established
the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned
lands
Fed & Clothes war
refugees in the South
Educated
African
Americans
Howard University in Washington,
D.C., was founded in 1867 by the
Freedmen’s Bureau in order to
Helped African
educate newly freed slaves and Americans find jobs
their descendants.
Provided
temporary
housing
Educating Freedmen and Women
Hampton Institute (VA)
Late Nineteenth Century
Although many carpetbaggers
went South to seek fortune and
political office, many went South to
educate freedmen and women.
What is the period of rebuilding
in the South after the Civil War
referred to as?
• Reconstruction
What agency was created to feed
and cloth war refugees in the
South?
• Freedmen’s Bureau
• April 14, 1865
President Abraham
Lincoln was shot
while attending a
performance at
Ford's Theatre
• Lincoln's assassin
was actor and
Confederate
sympathizer John
Wilkes Booth
• Booth hoped to
create chaos and
overthrow the
Federal government
by assassinating
Lincoln
All the books
ever written
about Lincoln
totaling 15,000
• After Lincolns Death
Democrat Andrew
Johnson Becomes 17th
President (1865-1869)
• He will later be the first
impeached president
• Breached the Tenure
of Office Act by
removing Edwin
Stanton from his
cabinet without the
consent of Congress
Congress
overrode all of
Johnson’s vetoes
of the
Reconstruction
Acts.
Impeachment (definition): is a formal process in which an official is
accused of unlawful activity, the outcome of which, may include the removal
of that official from office as well as criminal or civil punishment.
• In March 1866, Congress
passed the Civil Rights
Act of 1866.
• The act gave citizenship
to all persons born in the
United States, except
Native Americans.
• It guaranteed the rights of
African Americans to own
property and be treated
equally in court.
• It granted the U.S.
government the right to
sue people who violated
these rights.
13th- Ended slavery
(1865)
14th- granted
citizenship to former
slaves(1868)
13
14
15th- African Americans
could not be banned
from voting (1870).
15
• Southerners frustrated with
Republicans running their
states, they organized secret
societies to undermine their
rule.
• The largest group was the
Ku Klux Klan.
• Created in 1866 by former
Confederate soldiers in
Tennessee. Hooded, whiterobed Klan members rode in
bands at night terrorizing
African-Americans, White
Republicans, and teachers in
African American Schools
• A series of laws, called
“Black Codes”, were
implemented by Southern
states to reaffirm white
supremacy through,
differential treatment
• As a result of these racially
discriminatory laws, the
incarceration rate for
African Americans was far
higher than white
Americans
* As a result of these racially
discriminatory laws, the
incarceration rate for African
Americans was far higher than
white Americans.
* For example, in North Carolina
during 1875, of the 647 people
in their penal system, 569
were African American.
* Louisiana in 1901, had 984
African Americans in their
penal system compared to
only 157 white Americans.
* Even as late as 1926, South
Carolina’s “chain gang” had
1,017 African Americans, but
only 298 white Americans.
What amendment granted
citizenship to former slaves?
• 14th Amendment
What amendment said African
Americans could not be banned from
voting ?
• 15th Amendment
What amendment banned slavery in
the US?
• 13th Amendment
• Southern leaders realized the South could never
return to the pre-Civil war agricultural economy.
• Called for the creation of a “New South” based on
a strong industrial economy.
• Thousands of miles of railroads were built along
with dozens of new industries.
• After
Reconstruction
ended, African
Americans
returned to
plantations owned
by whites, where
they worked for
wages or became
tenant farmers,
paying rent for the
land they farmed.
• Most tenant farmers ended
up becoming
sharecroppers.
• They paid a share of their
crops to cover their rent
and farming costs.
• Although sharecropping
allowed African American
farmers to control their own
work schedule and working
conditions, it also trapped
them in poverty because
they could not make
enough money to pay off
their debts and buy their
own land.
• Disfranchisement- To deny
privileges, protection, and
especially the right to vote
– Poll Taxes- tax paid if you wanted to
vote- Many African Americans could not
afford to pay this tax
– Literacy Tests- A test was given in
order to register to vote. These tests were
designed to make anyone fail if they
wanted them to.
– Grandfather Clauses- Since the
imposition of those requirements also
could impact the number of poor whites
voting, Southern legislatures introduced
the “grandfather clause," which exempted
voters from the restrictions if their
grandfathers had voted. This clearly
eliminated the blacks.
Let’s see if you
would have passed
one of the
questions:
Draw three
circles, one
inside the
other
• The Birth of Jim
Crow
– 1892 - Plessy
Vs. Ferguson
– Separate but
Equal (it was
never equal)
Homer
Plessy
Civil Rights Act of 1875
• “all persons…shall be entitled to
the full and equal enjoyment of
the accommodations…of inns,
public conveyances on land or
water, theaters, and other
places of public amusement.”
• The act was declared
unconstitutional in 1883 by an
all-white Supreme Court.
Aimed at separating
the races in the
South
– Forbade marriage
between blacks and
whites
– Separate schools,
streetcars, waiting
rooms, rr, coaches,
elevators, witness
stands, drinking
fountains, and public
restrooms
What racist organization was created a
year after slavery was banned?
• KKK
What are 3 different ways that racist
white southerners tried to
disenfranchise African Americans from
voting?
• Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests,
Grandfather Clauses
What were the laws called that
segregated blacks and whites in the
South?
• Jim Crow Laws
Reconstruction comes to an
end in the South
White government officials
regain power in the South
Southern States begin to
implement poll taxes, literacy
tests & grandfather clauses
Disenfranchisement of most
African Americans in the South
Watch 3 minutes
Based off the clip
what can you infer
about African
American rights
post civil war in
the South?