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TOBACCO NOTES ADDICTION • Each day in the United States, • 3,200 teenagers smoke their first cigarette • 2,100 teenagers and young adults who were occasional smokers become daily smokers • Yet 9 out of 10 teenagers do not smoke FOUR STAGES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE 1 • Experimentation • User uses a substance “just to try it” 2 • Regular Use • User develops habit of regularly using substance 3 4 • Tolerance • User’s body needs more and more of substance to achieve the same effects • Dependency and Addiction • User relies on the substance to function or feel “normal” • Habit interferes with personal responsibilities and relationships Tobacco I. What’s in a cigarette? 1. Stimulant – drug that increases the functioning of the (CNS). - Increased HR, BP, Breathing, etc. 2. Nicotine – Addictive substance in cigarettes. 3. Carcinogen – Cancer causing substances. 4. Carbon Monoxide – Colorless, odorless, poisonous gas. 5. Tar – Thick, dark, sticky, fluid produced when tobacco burns. II. Immediate effects on the user - Yellow teeth - Premature aging - Yellowing fingertips - Bad breath - Smelly hair - Gum disease, tooth damage Immediate Effects continued…. - Decrease taste buds - decrease sense of smell - Loss of $$ III. Effects on the body 1. Stroke – Lack of oxygen to the brain HOW NICOTINE AFFECTS THE HEART Nicotine enters bloodstream Blood vessels narrow and adrenaline is released Heart and breathing rates, and blood pressure increase Heart works harder to pump blood through body Blood flow restricted by buildup of fatty deposits in vessel walls Increased risk of heart attack or stroke 2. Emphysema - Air sacs burst - Can’t absorb oxygen 3. Chronic Bronchitis - Tar covers the cilia in airways, causing them to become paralyzed CRITICAL THINKING Which balloon best represents a smoker’s lung? The balloon on the right is more like a lung damaged by smoking, which can’t hold as much oxygen as a healthy lung thinkstock.com/iStock/Piotr Marcinski; thinkstock.com/iStock/T.W. van Urk 4. Asthma - Bronchial Tubes Constrict 5. Cancer - uncontrolled cell growth IV. Effects on the non Smoker 1. Passive Smoke – (Second hand) The smoke that is inhaled by those who aren’t smoking 2. Mainstream smoke – Smoke inhaled and exhaled by the smoker 3. Sidestream Smoke – Smoke from the burning tip Tobacco During Pregnancy - Low birth weight - Premature birth - Respiratory problems - SIDS - Still birth - Small fetal growth - Increased behavioral/Intellectual problems - passed through breastfeeding PREGNANT WOMEN AND SMOKING • Women who smoke while pregnant raise the risk their children will • be born prematurely • have a low birth weight • die of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) • develop behavioral problems thinkstock.com/iStock/Chris Williams Smokeless Tobacco - 10 times the carcinogens into blood stream - 1 can of chewing tobacco = 60 cigarettes (nicotine) - Leukoplakia – small white, leathery patches on the inside of the mouth from chewing tobacco. - Non-cancerous when they appear, but can become if untreated BENEFITS OF QUITTING • Within days of quitting, • blood pressure and heart rate decrease • coughing abates • Within a year of quitting, • risk of heart attack and cancer decrease shutterstock.com/Gang Liu TREATING NICOTINE ADDICTION • Nicotine replacement • Examples: Nicotine gum and nicotine patch • Medication • Drugs help smokers cope with withdrawal symptoms shutterstock.com/bikeriderlondon TREATING NICOTINE ADDICTION • Self-Management Strategies – Stimulus control, or avoiding tempting situations – Response substitution, or substituting smoking with stress management, relaxation, and coping skills shutterstock.com/Oguz Dikbakan PREVENTION • Close to 90% of adults who smoke regularly had their first cigarette by 18 years of age • Prevention is the best way to reduce the smoking rate SMOKING AND YOUR WALLET • Pack of cigarettes costs between $5 and $14, depending on local tax rates • Cost of a pack-a-day habit at $7 a pack: • $213 per month • $2,557 per year • $25,570 per decade https://www.quitnow.ca/quitting/calculate-my-savings SOCIAL COSTS OF TOBACCO USE • One-half million adults will die prematurely from smoking this year • Total economic costs due to tobacco are over $289 billion a year —2014 Surgeon General’s Report shutterstock.com/baur Thank You For Vaping: The E-Cigarette Debate https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_DsHCic534