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Ecological Succession Interdependence within Environmental Systems Part I: Ecological Succession Read the article in your Student Guide, then answer the following questions. 1. What is ecological succession? ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the two major types of ecological succession? ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is a “pioneer species?” Give an example. ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. What type of succession is occurring since the 2011 Texas wildfires? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 5. What final ecological stage will exist in Bastrop County after many years of succession? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 6. On a separate sheet of paper, create a Venn Diagram using the following descriptors to compare and contrast primary and secondary succession: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) Can reach a climax community Forms on exposed rock No soil Organisms are currently there Pioneer species will emerge No previous living organisms living there Most common type h) i) j) k) l) Occurs after volcanic eruptions Occurs after a hurricane Occurs with glaciers Occurs after a wildfire Gradual change in the environment 1 Ecological Succession Interdependence within Environmental Systems Part II: Succession Stations After visiting each station, answer the following questions. Station 1: Mount St. Helens – Before and After 1. What are two characteristics of a volcanic eruption? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. How would these animal populations be affected by the habitat destruction caused by this volcanic eruption? a) b) c) Eagles: _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Trout: _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Wolves: _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. After some time, various organisms would return and establish themselves at this site as pioneer species. Would all of the organisms be the same ones that were there before the eruption? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Station 2: Hurricane Katrina 1. Describe three characteristics associated with a hurricane. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. How were organisms in the locations pictured affected by the hurricane? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. How would the storm surge from the hurricane affect plant life? Animal life? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2 Ecological Succession Interdependence within Environmental Systems Part II: Succession Stations, continued Station 3: Forest fire 1. What are two characteristics of a forest fire? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. The forest fire was a catastrophic event that caused habitat destruction. However, sometimes this can be helpful in an environment. What are the possible benefits for organisms that survived and new organisms that will appear in the forest? a) b) c) A population of deer: _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Plant species: _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A climax community old growth forest: _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Station 4: Kilauea Lava Flow 1. Describe two characteristics of a lava flow. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. What challenges exist for pioneer species plant seeds that are blown onto an area newly covered with lava? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Would you expect to see pollinators such as butterflies and other insects in this area six months after the volcanic eruption? Why, or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3 Ecological Succession Interdependence within Environmental Systems Part II: Succession Stations, continued Station 5: Indonesian Tsunami 1. Describe the cause of a tsunami. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Make sketches of what you predict the landscape will look like as succession occurs after the Indonesian tsunami. 2 years 5 years 10 years 20 years Station 6: Strip Mines 1. What is strip mining? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Will the land that has undergone the strip mining process return to its original state after reclamation? Explain. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. How might strip mining affect the diversity of species in an area? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 4 Ecological Succession Interdependence within Environmental Systems Part III: Field Investigation and Technology Connections 1. What type of data are you collecting during this investigation (qualitative or quantitative)? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why are you collecting this type of data in this investigation? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. List the safety precautions and rules your teacher provides while working in the field. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Use the space below to plan your presentation with your group. 5 Ecological Succession Interdependence within Environmental Systems Reflections and Conclusions 1. What is a climax community? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe how the destruction of a habitat by a natural disaster might affect species diversity. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe how the destruction of a habitat by a natural disaster might affect the diversity of a population. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. How would the destruction of a habitat by human causes affect the diversity of numbers of species or populations of species? Give an example. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. How do biological competition and limiting factors affect species and populations during succession? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. Why is species diversity important in an ecosystem? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Using the following terms, create a graphic organizer. Use additional paper if necessary. Terms: biodiversity, habitat destruction, succession, primary succession, secondary succession, climax community, limiting factor, natural disasters 6