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March 25, 1911?. R. D. BRUEGGÉR 2,417,910 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed'June 2o, 1942 @n /9 ' 2 sheets-sheet 1 _ /7 24 26 /6 50 l March 25, 1947. R_ D_ BRUE-GGER , 2,417,9Í0 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed June 20, 1942 HI 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Mar. 25, 1947 Ui? sie ES 2,417,910 iN'rEnNAncoUs'rioN ENGINE Robert l). Bgruegger, Chicago, Ill. Application .lune 2i), 1942, Serial No. 447,751 2 Claims. (Cl. 'Z4-44) l 2 This invention relates to an internal combus tion engine, and more particularly to an engine equipped with an improved mechanism for trans mitting power from the pistons to the crank shaft of the arc of the crank shafts while the upward stroke of the piston encompasses a smaller por or crank shafts. ` tion of the arc. In the embodiment of the invention described herein and referring particularly to Fig. 1, the internal combustion engine may be equipped with An object of the invention is to provide in an internal combustion engine, increased power with a conventional cylinder block l@ and a cylinder conventional piston and cylinder construction. head l i. The cylinder block lil includes a jacket Another object is to pro-vide a longer stroke for i2 fo-r water’ or other cooling medium and pro the piston in an internal combustion engine with vides a cylinder wall i3 within which maybe -out increasing the displacement in the received a valve l of the sleeve type. crank shaft. Still another object is to provide The sleeve valve iii may be cf the conventional . mechanism for increasing the portion of the are construction well known in the 'art and will not be of the crank shaft in which the piston is under described in detail herein. The valve may include power, and at thesame time to decrease the por 15 a pair of cylindrical sleeves i5 and It, one dis tion of the arc of the crank shaft in which the posed within the other within the cylinder wall. piston accomplishes the return stroke. A further The sleeve i5 may be equipped with apertures Il object is to provide for the more rapid expulsion and i8, while the inner sleeve It may be provided of exhaust gases in an internal combustion engine with apertures i@ and 2c. Connecting rods 2l by providing in combination with a crank shaft 20 and 22 mounted on crank arms of suitable crank which rotates at a uniform speed, a piston which shafts are connected to the sleeves l5 and I6 moves more rapidly on the upward .stroke than respectively and are adapted to reciprocate the on the downward stroke. sleeves vertically within the cylinder i3. When Another object of the invention is to provide the piston 23 in the cylinder i3 is at the upper a mechanism in an internal combustion engine portion of its exhaust stroke, the openings Il and for transmitting power from the pistons to the 253 are adapted to be brought into register so as to crank shafts and at the same time avoiding any bring the inlet port 2t into communication with tendency of the piston to move laterally within the chamber 25 at the upper portion of the cylin-_ the cylinder. Still another object is to provide a der. Similarly, when the piston 23 is at the dual crank shaft construction wherein the tend 30 lower portion oi its power stroke, the openings I8 cncy toward lateral thrust of the piston rod and ' and i9 are adapted to be brought into register the piston secured thereto is balanced. A further to permit communication between the exhaust object is to reduce cylinder wear and to make port 2t and the chamber 25 at the upper portion feasible the use of valves of the sleeve type in an of the cylinder. internal combustion engine by reason of the 35 The cylinder head il may be of conventional elimination of side thrust in the pist-on. construction and is mounted on the block I0, the Other features and advantages will appear gasket 2l serving to seal the junction. A spark from the following specification and drawings, plug 28 is received within the head and extends in which» into the chamber 25 at the upper portion of the Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the im~ 40 cylinder. ` proved engine showing a single piston and the `The piston 23 may also be of conventional con dual crank shaft construction; and Fig. 2 is a struction and is provided with piston rings 29 and similar vertical sectional view of a modiñed form with a wrist pin 3G, to Iwhich the elongated piston oi the invention. rod Si is pivotally attached. ` The invention contemplates a dual crank shaft 45 To the cylinder block lli may be secured the construction wherein the pistons are equipped crank case 32, which in turn receives the crank with depending piston rods which are pivotally case pan 33, in accordance with conventional con secured to laterally-extending connecting rods struction. A pair of crank shafts Si and 35 are secured to the crank shafts. The dual crank disposed on opposite sides of the piston rod 3| shafts are disposed on opposite sides of the piston ‘ and may be supported by suitable bearings (not in order to balance any tendency for lateral shown) of the conventional type. The crank thrust of the piston within cylinder. The shafts 3d and 35 _are equipped with crank arms 35 linkage between the piston and the crank shafts and 3l respectively and counterbalances 38 and is so constructed that the down 'stroke 0r power 39 opposite the crank arms. Bearings ¿ill and 4| stroke of the piston encompasses a large portion 55 or" conventional construction pivotally support the 2,417,910 3 4 connecting rods 42 and 43, which at their oppo reaches the bottom of its stroke, the valves l5 site ends are pivotally mounted at 44 and 45 re spectively on the lower end of the piston rod 3l. The connecting rods 42 and 43 should be of such length that when the piston 23 is at the top of its stroke, as shown in full lines in Fig. 1, the and I6 are shifted so that the apertures i8 and i9 are brought into alignment and bring the chamber 25 into communication with the eX f crank arms 36 and 31 are disposed at a relatively small angle above the horizontal on the outside portion of the cycle of each. As shown, this an haust port 26. As the piston rises to the upper portion of the cylinder, the exhaust gases are forced out of the cylinder through the exhaust port 26. When the piston is at the top of its stroke, gle is in the neighborhood of 25°. Preferably, 10 the connecting rods and crank arms are in the position shown in full lines in Fig. 1. As the pis the angle is between 5° and 65° with respect to the ton moves downwardly on its power stroke, the horizontal. piston rod 3l moves downwardly and carries with The crank shafts 34 and 35 are equipped re it the connecting rods 42 and 43, which in turn A large gear 48 of the internal-external type is arranged to mesh 15 draw the crank arms 36 and 31 of the crank shafts 34 and 35 about an arc until the position with the gears 46 and 41, the internal gear 49 shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1 is reached at the meshing with the gear 46, and the external gear bottom of the piston stroke. It will be noted 50 meshing with the gear 41. The large gear 48 that during the downward stroke of the piston, is mounted on a shaft 5I, which may be used as spectively with gears 46 and 41. a power takeoff for the engine. In the embodiment of the invention shown in the crank arms travel through an arc of approxi mately 217°. l ' After the piston reaches the bottom of its stroke, the crank shaft 34 continues to rotate in valves, and the dual crank shafts are provided a clockwise position, while the crank shaft 35 with gears which mesh directly with each other to synchronize the movement of the crank shafts. 25 continues to rotate in a counter-clockwise posi tion. This rotation brings the crank arms back In this construction, the cylinder block 52 is pro ~ to the original position shown in full lines in Fig. vided with a jacket 53 for water or other cooling 1. During this movement, the crank arms travel liquid, and forms a cylinder 54 receiving the con through an arc of approximately 143°. ventional piston 55. The cylinder head 55 is also Since the crank shafts rotate at uniform speed, of conventional construction'and receives a spark 30 the upward movement of the piston which is en plug 41 and valves 58 of the conventional type. compassed by asmaller arc in the rotation of the The valves are operated by a cam shaft 59 in ac crank shaft must be carried out more rapidly than cordance with the usual practice in internal com the downward stroke of the piston. Accordingly, bustion engines. »The crank ease 6D and crank case pan 6| in 35 the exhaust gases in the cylinder at the end of the power stroke 0f the piston are removed more clude the dual crank shafts 62 and 53. The con rapidly than is possible in the conventional in necting rod and piston arm construction are the ternal combustion engine. same as that shown in Fig. l and need not be The movement of the crank arms of the crank again Vdescribed in detail. The crank shafts 62 and 63 are equipped with 40 shafts through a large portion of the arc of the gears 64 and 65 which are arranged to mesh with same during the down stroke of the piston means that on the power stroke of the piston, a greater each other to synchronize the movement of the crank shafts. A suitable housing 66 may be pro portion of the arc of movement of the crank arms is encompassed, and accordingly greater vided at one end of the crank case for enclosing the large gears 64 and 65. By reason of the mesh power will be obtained from this power stroke. At ing of the gears 64 and 65 to synchronize the the same time, a longer piston stroke is possible movements of the crank shafts 62 and 63, the for a given crank arm radius than would be power takeoff from the engine may be made at possible with the conventional type of linkage. The length of arc through which the crank either of the crank shafts 62 or 63. In the construction shown in Fig. 2, the piston arm may pass on the down stroke of the piston 50 rod 61 may be considerably shorter than the pis may be varied as desired. The crank arm, how ton rod 3|, shown in Fig. l, since no space ac ever, is preferably disposed at a substantial angle commodations need be made within the crank of at least 10° or 20° above the horizontal when case for the sleeve valves. In other respects, the the piston is at the top of its stroke in order that piston rod 61 corresponds to the piston rod 3i. a dead center position which might lock the pis- ` ton at the top of its stroke will not be reached. Operation If desired, the portion of the arc through which In the operation of the embodiment of the in the crank arm passes on the down stroke of the vention shown in Fig. 1, the gasoline or fuel is piston may be decreased by arranging the crank introduced through the inlet port 24 and through arms at a greater angle than shown with re 60 the apertures l1 and 20 in the sleeve valve i4 spect to the horizontal when the piston is at' into the chamber 25 at the top of the cylinder the top of its stroke. However, it is preferable I3. The apertures I1 and 20 are brought into to use as great an arc as possible for the down l alignment when the piston is at the top of its stroke of the piston without approaching the stroke so that as the piston is drawn downwardly center position which is reached when the within the cylinder I3, the fuel is drawn into the 65 dead crank arm is in horizontal position when the cylinder. When the piston reaches the bottom of piston is at the top of its stroke. In varying the its stroke, the sleeves l5 and I5 are shifted to position of the crank arm when the piston is at the position shown in Fig. 1 wherein the aper the top of its stroke, the length of the connect tures l1 and 20 are out of alignment. The pis ton is then moved to the upper portion of the 70 ing rod which joins the crank arm and the pis ton rod must, of course, be suitably varied. cylinder, compressing the fuel within the cham The crank shafts 34 and 35 are preferably dis ber 25 at the upper portion of the cylinder. The posed above the lower end of the piston rod, even firing of the spark plug causes the fuel to be fired, when the piston rod is in upper position as shown and the piston is forced downwardly Within the cylinder on its power stroke. When the piston 75 in full lines in Fig. 1. If theI crank shafts 34 Fig. 2, the engine is equipped with poppet type 2,417,910 and 35 are placed below the piston rod 3l and on opposite sides thereof, the linkage between and 63. Either of the crank shafts 62 or 63 may be used as the power takeoff for the engine. Although the invention has been described in connection with certain specific embodiments, it will be understood that changes and modiiìcations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. the crank arms and the piston must of necessity be of much greater length and would ordinarily require'additional support. Preferably, the crank shafts are placed as close to the piston rod 3l as possible so that the angle formed between the connecting rod and the piston rod is as small as possible. As shown, when the piston is at the I claim: 1. In an internal combustion engine, a piston, a piston rod depending therefrom, a pair of bottom of its stroke, the angle formed between the connecting rod and the piston rod is ap proximately 21°. As the crank shafts are moved away from the piston rod 3l and the angle >be tween the connecting rods and the piston rod is increased, the effectiveness of the drive connec tion is decreased. Although the engine has been described in con nection with a vertical cylinder having crank shafts below the same and above the lower ends of the piston rod, the entire engine may, if de-sired, be turned at an angle and may be ar crank shafts symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of the piston rod, a pair of connecting rods pivotally connecting said crank shafts with the lower end of said piston rod, the connecting rods being symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of the piston rod whereby lateral thrust on the piston rod is balanced, and gear means carried by each of said crank shafts, and an internal~ external gear arranged to mesh with said gear 20 means to synchronize the rotation of said crank ranged with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder in the horizontal plane. Accordingly, in refer ring to the various parts and elements of the structure as above or below or to either side of other elements, a structure in which the en gine is disposed in a different plane is, of course, intended to be included, and such reference is used only in connection with the relative loca tion of the various parts and elements of the engine. By reason of the disposition of the dual crank shafts on opposite sides of the pist-on rod 3l and the symmetrical linkages provided between the crank shafts and the piston rod 3i, the crank . shafts serve to balance each other with respect to lateral thrust on the piston rod 3l and piston 23 carried thereby. Accordingly, substantially all lateral or side thrust of the piston 23 within the cylinder I3 is eliminated. This makes it feasible to use sleeve valves within the cylinder without shafts. ' 2. In an internal combustion engine, a piston mounted for reciprocation within a cylinder, a piston rod depending from the piston and extend ing from the cylinder, a pair of rotatable crank shafts symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of said piston rod and above the lower portionv of the same, a crank arm carried by each of said crank shafts, each of the crank arms being disposed at an angle between 10° and 60° with respect to the horizontal when the piston is at the upper end of its stroke, a connecting rod piv otally secured at one end to each of said crank arms and extending downwardly therefrom to a portion of the piston rod below the crank shafts, means for pivotally securing each connecting rod to the piston rod, gear means carried by each of said crank shafts, and an internal-external gear arranged to mesh with said gear means to syn chronize the rotation of said crank shafts. ROBERT D. BRUEGGER. dimculty as to wear on the valves as a result of side thrust of the piston. The internal-external gear 48 serves to syn REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the chronize the movement of the crank shafts S4 45 ñle of this patent: and 35 and provides on the shaft 5| a power take I UNITED STATES PATENTS off for the engine. The operation of the embodiment shown in Number Name Date Fig. 2 is substantially the same as that shown in 810,347 Porter et al _______ __ Jan, 16, 1906 Fig. 1 except that the poppet valves 58 of the 50 1,527,296 Dudas ___________ __ Feb. 24, 1925 conventional type are used for introducing the 1,569,582 Scott ____________ __ Jan. 12, 1926 fuel into the cylinder and for withdrawing the 1,701,439 Canfield __________ __ Feb. 5, 1929 exhaust gases therefrom. The gears 66 and S5, 1,612,196 Kuechler _________ __ Dec. 28, 1926 which are arranged to mesh with each other, syn 867,648 Erickson _________ __ Oct. 8, 1907 chronize the movement of the crank shafts 62 55 1,095,675 Rietti ____________ __ May 5, 1914