Download March 25, 1911?. R. D. BRUEGGÉR 2,417,910

March 25, 1911?.
R. D. BRUEGGÉR
2,417,910
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Filed'June 2o, 1942
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March 25, 1947.
R_ D_ BRUE-GGER
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2,417,9Í0
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Filed June 20, 1942
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2 Sheets-Sheet 2
Patented Mar. 25, 1947
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2,417,910
iN'rEnNAncoUs'rioN ENGINE
Robert l). Bgruegger, Chicago, Ill.
Application .lune 2i), 1942, Serial No. 447,751
2 Claims. (Cl. 'Z4-44)
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This invention relates to an internal combus
tion engine, and more particularly to an engine
equipped with an improved mechanism for trans
mitting power from the pistons to the crank shaft
of the arc of the crank shafts while the upward
stroke of the piston encompasses a smaller por
or crank shafts.
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tion of the arc.
In the embodiment of the invention described
herein and referring particularly to Fig. 1, the
internal combustion engine may be equipped with
An object of the invention is to provide in an
internal combustion engine, increased power with
a conventional cylinder block l@ and a cylinder
conventional piston and cylinder construction.
head l i. The cylinder block lil includes a jacket
Another object is to pro-vide a longer stroke for
i2 fo-r water’ or other cooling medium and pro
the piston in an internal combustion engine with
vides a cylinder wall i3 within which maybe
-out increasing the
displacement in the
received a valve l of the sleeve type.
crank shaft. Still another object is to provide
The sleeve valve iii may be cf the conventional .
mechanism for increasing the portion of the are
construction well known in the 'art and will not be
of the crank shaft in which the piston is under
described in detail herein. The valve may include
power, and at thesame time to decrease the por 15 a pair of cylindrical sleeves i5 and It, one dis
tion of the arc of the crank shaft in which the
posed within the other within the cylinder wall.
piston accomplishes the return stroke. A further
The sleeve i5 may be equipped with apertures Il
object is to provide for the more rapid expulsion
and i8, while the inner sleeve It may be provided
of exhaust gases in an internal combustion engine
with apertures i@ and 2c. Connecting rods 2l
by providing in combination with a crank shaft 20 and 22 mounted on crank arms of suitable crank
which rotates at a uniform speed, a piston which
shafts are connected to the sleeves l5 and I6
moves more rapidly on the upward .stroke than
respectively and are adapted to reciprocate the
on the downward stroke.
sleeves vertically within the cylinder i3. When
Another object of the invention is to provide
the piston 23 in the cylinder i3 is at the upper
a mechanism in an internal combustion engine
portion of its exhaust stroke, the openings Il and
for transmitting power from the pistons to the
253 are adapted to be brought into register so as to
crank shafts and at the same time avoiding any
bring the inlet port 2t into communication with
tendency of the piston to move laterally within
the chamber 25 at the upper portion of the cylin-_
the cylinder. Still another object is to provide a
der. Similarly, when the piston 23 is at the
dual crank shaft construction wherein the tend 30 lower portion oi its power stroke, the openings I8
cncy toward lateral thrust of the piston rod and
' and i9 are adapted to be brought into register
the piston secured thereto is balanced. A further
to permit communication between the exhaust
object is to reduce cylinder wear and to make
port 2t and the chamber 25 at the upper portion
feasible the use of valves of the sleeve type in an
of the cylinder.
internal combustion engine by reason of the 35
The cylinder head il may be of conventional
elimination of side thrust in the pist-on.
construction and is mounted on the block I0, the
Other features and advantages will appear
gasket 2l serving to seal the junction. A spark
from the following specification and drawings,
plug 28 is received within the head and extends
in which»
into the chamber 25 at the upper portion of the
Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the im~ 40 cylinder.
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proved engine showing a single piston and the
`The piston 23 may also be of conventional con
dual crank shaft construction; and Fig. 2 is a
struction and is provided with piston rings 29 and
similar vertical sectional view of a modiñed form
with a wrist pin 3G, to Iwhich the elongated piston
oi the invention.
rod Si is pivotally attached.
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The invention contemplates a dual crank shaft 45 To the cylinder block lli may be secured the
construction wherein the pistons are equipped
crank case 32, which in turn receives the crank
with depending piston rods which are pivotally
case pan 33, in accordance with conventional con
secured to laterally-extending connecting rods
struction. A pair of crank shafts Si and 35 are
secured to the crank shafts. The dual crank
disposed on opposite sides of the piston rod 3|
shafts are disposed on opposite sides of the piston ‘ and may be supported by suitable bearings (not
in order to balance any tendency for lateral
shown) of the conventional type. The crank
thrust of the piston within
cylinder. The
shafts 3d and 35 _are equipped with crank arms 35
linkage between the piston and the crank shafts
and 3l respectively and counterbalances 38 and
is so constructed that the down 'stroke 0r power
39 opposite the crank arms. Bearings ¿ill and 4|
stroke of the piston encompasses a large portion 55 or" conventional construction pivotally support the
2,417,910
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connecting rods 42 and 43, which at their oppo
reaches the bottom of its stroke, the valves l5
site ends are pivotally mounted at 44 and 45 re
spectively on the lower end of the piston rod 3l.
The connecting rods 42 and 43 should be of such
length that when the piston 23 is at the top of
its stroke, as shown in full lines in Fig. 1, the
and I6 are shifted so that the apertures i8 and
i9 are brought into alignment and bring the
chamber 25 into communication with the eX
f
crank arms 36 and 31 are disposed at a relatively
small angle above the horizontal on the outside
portion of the cycle of each. As shown, this an
haust port 26. As the piston rises to the upper
portion of the cylinder, the exhaust gases are
forced out of the cylinder through the exhaust
port 26.
When the piston is at the top of its stroke,
gle is in the neighborhood of 25°. Preferably, 10 the connecting rods and crank arms are in the
position shown in full lines in Fig. 1. As the pis
the angle is between 5° and 65° with respect to the
ton moves downwardly on its power stroke, the
horizontal.
piston rod 3l moves downwardly and carries with
The crank shafts 34 and 35 are equipped re
it the connecting rods 42 and 43, which in turn
A large gear 48
of the internal-external type is arranged to mesh 15 draw the crank arms 36 and 31 of the crank
shafts 34 and 35 about an arc until the position
with the gears 46 and 41, the internal gear 49
shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1 is reached at the
meshing with the gear 46, and the external gear
bottom of the piston stroke. It will be noted
50 meshing with the gear 41. The large gear 48
that during the downward stroke of the piston,
is mounted on a shaft 5I, which may be used as
spectively with gears 46 and 41.
a power takeoff for the engine.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in
the crank arms travel through an arc of approxi
mately 217°.
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After the piston reaches the bottom of its
stroke, the crank shaft 34 continues to rotate in
valves, and the dual crank shafts are provided
a clockwise position, while the crank shaft 35
with gears which mesh directly with each other
to synchronize the movement of the crank shafts. 25 continues to rotate in a counter-clockwise posi
tion. This rotation brings the crank arms back
In this construction, the cylinder block 52 is pro
~ to the original position shown in full lines in Fig.
vided with a jacket 53 for water or other cooling
1. During this movement, the crank arms travel
liquid, and forms a cylinder 54 receiving the con
through an arc of approximately 143°.
ventional piston 55. The cylinder head 55 is also
Since the crank shafts rotate at uniform speed,
of conventional construction'and receives a spark 30
the upward movement of the piston which is en
plug 41 and valves 58 of the conventional type.
compassed by asmaller arc in the rotation of the
The valves are operated by a cam shaft 59 in ac
crank shaft must be carried out more rapidly than
cordance with the usual practice in internal com
the downward stroke of the piston. Accordingly,
bustion engines.
»The crank ease 6D and crank case pan 6| in 35 the exhaust gases in the cylinder at the end of
the power stroke 0f the piston are removed more
clude the dual crank shafts 62 and 53. The con
rapidly than is possible in the conventional in
necting rod and piston arm construction are the
ternal combustion engine.
same as that shown in Fig. l and need not be
The movement of the crank arms of the crank
again Vdescribed in detail.
The crank shafts 62 and 63 are equipped with 40 shafts through a large portion of the arc of the
gears 64 and 65 which are arranged to mesh with
same during the down stroke of the piston means
that on the power stroke of the piston, a greater
each other to synchronize the movement of the
crank shafts. A suitable housing 66 may be pro
portion of the arc of movement of the crank
arms is encompassed, and accordingly greater
vided at one end of the crank case for enclosing
the large gears 64 and 65. By reason of the mesh
power will be obtained from this power stroke. At
ing of the gears 64 and 65 to synchronize the
the same time, a longer piston stroke is possible
movements of the crank shafts 62 and 63, the
for a given crank arm radius than would be
power takeoff from the engine may be made at
possible with the conventional type of linkage.
The length of arc through which the crank
either of the crank shafts 62 or 63.
In the construction shown in Fig. 2, the piston
arm may pass on the down stroke of the piston
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rod 61 may be considerably shorter than the pis
may be varied as desired. The crank arm, how
ton rod 3|, shown in Fig. l, since no space ac
ever, is preferably disposed at a substantial angle
commodations need be made within the crank
of at least 10° or 20° above the horizontal when
case for the sleeve valves. In other respects, the
the piston is at the top of its stroke in order that
piston rod 61 corresponds to the piston rod 3i.
a dead center position which might lock the pis- `
ton at the top of its stroke will not be reached.
Operation
If desired, the portion of the arc through which
In the operation of the embodiment of the in
the crank arm passes on the down stroke of the
vention shown in Fig. 1, the gasoline or fuel is
piston may be decreased by arranging the crank
introduced through the inlet port 24 and through
arms at a greater angle than shown with re
60
the apertures l1 and 20 in the sleeve valve i4
spect to the horizontal when the piston is at'
into the chamber 25 at the top of the cylinder
the top of its stroke. However, it is preferable
I3. The apertures I1 and 20 are brought into
to use as great an arc as possible for the down l
alignment when the piston is at the top of its
stroke of the piston without approaching the
stroke so that as the piston is drawn downwardly
center position which is reached when the
within the cylinder I3, the fuel is drawn into the 65 dead
crank arm is in horizontal position when the
cylinder. When the piston reaches the bottom of
piston is at the top of its stroke. In varying the
its stroke, the sleeves l5 and I5 are shifted to
position of the crank arm when the piston is at
the position shown in Fig. 1 wherein the aper
the top of its stroke, the length of the connect
tures l1 and 20 are out of alignment. The pis
ton is then moved to the upper portion of the 70 ing rod which joins the crank arm and the pis
ton rod must, of course, be suitably varied.
cylinder, compressing the fuel within the cham
The crank shafts 34 and 35 are preferably dis
ber 25 at the upper portion of the cylinder. The
posed above the lower end of the piston rod, even
firing of the spark plug causes the fuel to be fired,
when the piston rod is in upper position as shown
and the piston is forced downwardly Within the
cylinder on its power stroke. When the piston 75 in full lines in Fig. 1. If theI crank shafts 34
Fig. 2, the engine is equipped with poppet type
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and 35 are placed below the piston rod 3l and
on opposite sides thereof, the linkage between
and 63. Either of the crank shafts 62 or 63 may
be used as the power takeoff for the engine.
Although the invention has been described in
connection with certain specific embodiments, it
will be understood that changes and modiiìcations
may be made without departing from the spirit
and scope of the invention.
the crank arms and the piston must of necessity
be of much greater length and would ordinarily
require'additional support. Preferably, the crank
shafts are placed as close to the piston rod 3l as
possible so that the angle formed between the
connecting rod and the piston rod is as small as
possible. As shown, when the piston is at the
I claim:
1. In an internal combustion engine, a piston,
a piston rod depending therefrom, a pair of
bottom of its stroke, the angle formed between
the connecting rod and the piston rod is ap
proximately 21°. As the crank shafts are moved
away from the piston rod 3l and the angle >be
tween the connecting rods and the piston rod is
increased, the effectiveness of the drive connec
tion is decreased.
Although the engine has been described in con
nection with a vertical cylinder having crank
shafts below the same and above the lower ends
of the piston rod, the entire engine may, if de-sired, be turned at an angle and may be ar
crank shafts symmetrically disposed on opposite
sides of the piston rod, a pair of connecting rods
pivotally connecting said crank shafts with the
lower end of said piston rod, the connecting rods
being symmetrically disposed on opposite sides
of the piston rod whereby lateral thrust on the
piston rod is balanced, and gear means carried
by each of said crank shafts, and an internal~
external gear arranged to mesh with said gear
20 means to synchronize the rotation of said crank
ranged with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder
in the horizontal plane. Accordingly, in refer
ring to the various parts and elements of the
structure as above or below or to either side
of other elements, a structure in which the en
gine is disposed in a different plane is, of course,
intended to be included, and such reference is
used only in connection with the relative loca
tion of the various parts and elements of the
engine.
By reason of the disposition of the dual crank
shafts on opposite sides of the pist-on rod 3l and
the symmetrical linkages provided between the
crank shafts and the piston rod 3i, the crank .
shafts serve to balance each other with respect
to lateral thrust on the piston rod 3l and piston
23 carried thereby. Accordingly, substantially all
lateral or side thrust of the piston 23 within the
cylinder I3 is eliminated. This makes it feasible
to use sleeve valves within the cylinder without
shafts.
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2. In an internal combustion engine, a piston
mounted for reciprocation within a cylinder, a
piston rod depending from the piston and extend
ing from the cylinder, a pair of rotatable crank
shafts symmetrically disposed on opposite sides
of said piston rod and above the lower portionv
of the same, a crank arm carried by each of
said crank shafts, each of the crank arms being
disposed at an angle between 10° and 60° with
respect to the horizontal when the piston is at
the upper end of its stroke, a connecting rod piv
otally secured at one end to each of said crank
arms and extending downwardly therefrom to
a portion of the piston rod below the crank shafts,
means for pivotally securing each connecting rod
to the piston rod, gear means carried by each of
said crank shafts, and an internal-external gear
arranged to mesh with said gear means to syn
chronize the rotation of said crank shafts.
ROBERT D. BRUEGGER.
dimculty as to wear on the valves as a result of
side thrust of the piston.
The internal-external gear 48 serves to syn
REFERENCES CITED
The following references are of record in the
chronize the movement of the crank shafts S4 45 ñle of this patent:
and 35 and provides on the shaft 5| a power take
I UNITED STATES PATENTS
off for the engine.
The operation of the embodiment shown in
Number
Name
Date
Fig. 2 is substantially the same as that shown in
810,347
Porter et al _______ __ Jan, 16, 1906
Fig. 1 except that the poppet valves 58 of the 50 1,527,296
Dudas ___________ __ Feb. 24, 1925
conventional type are used for introducing the
1,569,582
Scott ____________ __ Jan. 12, 1926
fuel into the cylinder and for withdrawing the
1,701,439
Canfield __________ __ Feb. 5, 1929
exhaust gases therefrom. The gears 66 and S5,
1,612,196
Kuechler _________ __ Dec. 28, 1926
which are arranged to mesh with each other, syn
867,648
Erickson _________ __ Oct. 8, 1907
chronize the movement of the crank shafts 62 55 1,095,675
Rietti ____________ __ May 5, 1914