Download Part I. Aim # 7 Inorganic and Organic Molecules Part II. Aim # 8

Name: ________________________________
Date: ___________________
Period: ________
Living Environment Unit 2 Biochemistry and The Cell Study Guide
Due Date: _______________ Test Date: ___________
Unit 2 Important Topics:
Aim # 7: Inorganic and Organic Molecules
Aim # 8: Organic Macromolecules
Aim # 9: Digestion and Synthesis
Aim # 10: Enzymes
Aim # 11: Life Processes
Aim # 12: Cell Theory
Aim # 13: Cell Organelles
Directions: Use Aim # 7-13 (Unit 2) to complete this study guide.
Part I. Aim # 7 Inorganic and Organic Molecules
1. Fill out the Venn diagram below to compare and contrast Organic and Inorganic Molecules.
 For your differences be sure to include the description and at least three examples of each. Include two
similarities.
ORGANIC
INORGANIC
Part II. Aim # 8 Organic Macromolecules
2. Fill out the Chart below and on the next page to describe the four main organic macromolecules.
Organic
Macromolecule
Building Blocks
(monomers)
Two examples
One function
1) Carbohydrate
2)
3)
4) Nucleic Acids
Amino Acids
Fats and oils
Stores and passes on genetic
information
Part III. Aim # 9 Synthesis and Digestion
3. Describe the difference between the process of digestion and the process of synthesis.
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4. Simple complex describes the process of synthesis/digestion (circle one).
5. Complex  simple describes the process of synthesis/digestion (circle one).
6. Which process (synthesis or digestion) is shown below? Support your answer.
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7. Which process (synthesis or digestion) is shown below? Support your answer.
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8. If the building blocks from the above picture are amino acids, then which macromolecule would the product be?
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9. If the product of the above picture is a carbohydrate, then which building blocks would attach to the enzyme?
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Part IV. Aim # 10- Enzymes
10. Which kind of macromolecule is an enzyme? __________________________________________________
11. Which two functions can an enzyme perform?
______________________________ or _________________________________
12. An enzyme’s shape is very specific and very important. Why is its shape so important?
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13. Label the substrate, enzyme, and product/s below. Explain what would happen if this enzyme were to change
shape.
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14. Which two environmental factors influence enzyme activity? _________________________ and ________
15. If an enzyme denatures (changes shape), can it still complete its function (job) at an optimum rate? Support your
answer.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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16. Use the diagram below to
answer the following
questions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
At which pH does pepsin work at any optimum rate? ______
At which pH does amylase work at any optimum rate? ______
At which pH does arginase work at any optimum rate? ______
Which type of macromolecule are pepsin, amylase, and arginase?
____________________________________
e. Which pH do none of these enzymes work at?
f. Do these enzymes work best in similar environments? Support your
answer. ________________________________________________________________
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Part V. Aim # 11 Life Processes
17. Match the following definitions with the appropriate vocabulary word.
Vocab
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Definition
______ the process by which organisms produce new organism of
the same type
______ an organisms reaction to a change in the external or internal
environment
______ all the chemical reactions that occur within the cells of an
organism
______ the removal of all wastes produced by the cells of the body
______ The movement (of something) from one place to another
______ the process that breaks down large food molecules into
simpler molecules that the organism can use
______ a life process that involves combining simple substances into
more complex substances
______ the process in which nutrients are broken apart, releasing the
chemical energy stored within them
______ an increase in the size or number of cells
______ any change in the environment that causes an organism to
react
______ the basic unit of structure and function that makes up all
organisms
______ the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for
health and growth
______ the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal
environment even when the external environment changes
A. Cell
B. Metabolism
C. Homeostasis
D. Reproduction
E. Nutrition
F. Transport
G. Digestion
H. Synthesis
I.
Respiration
J. Growth
K. Excretion
L. Stimuli
M. Response
18. List the four main characteristics of life.
1.
c.
2.
d.
19. Although a cloud can grow in size, release materials from it and sometimes form more clouds, it is
nonliving. Explain 3 reasons why clouds are nonliving.
1.
2.
3.
Part VI. Aim #12 Cell Theory/Organization
20. List the three main points of the cell theory.
a.__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
21. Compare and Contrast Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. In your answer be sure to:
1.
Include two differences and two similarities.
PROKARYOTES
22. Do all cells have the same structure? ___________________
23. Do all cells have the same job? ________________________
EUKARYOTES
24. List the following vocabulary words in order from smallest (simplest) to largest (most complex).
Word Bank: tissue, organ, organism, cell, organ system
a. __________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________
d. __________________________________________________________
e. __________________________________________________________”
25. In the blank provided, write the capital letter of the definition in Column B that best matches the vocabulary word in
Column A.
Column A

_____Cell

_____Tissue
Column B

_____Organ

_____Organ System

_____Organism
A.
A group of cells
B.
The basic unit of life
C.
Any living thing
D.
A group of organs
E. A group of tissues
Part VI. Aim # 13 Cell Organelles
26. Define organelle: ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
27. Complete the chart below. Make sure you know the functions of each of these organelles. The functions that are BOLDED
are very important!
Structure/ Organelle
Function
Jellylike substances that the organelles float in
Contains DNA and controls most of the cell processes
Small area within the nucleus where ribosomes are made
Helps the cell divide
Protein filaments in the cytoplasm that help the cell move and maintain shape.
Long whip like structure to help the cell move
Stores materials such as food, water, and wastes
Found in
Animal Cell
Found in
Plant Cell
Structure/Organelle
Function
Found in
Animal Cell
Found in
Plant Cell
Contains enzymes to digest and get rid of substances in the cell.
Synthesize (makes) proteins
Short hair like structures that help the cell move
The site of photosynthesis (Using sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen
from carbon dioxide and water)
Extracts energy from nutrients (cellular respiration)
Membrane system that transports proteins. Some have ribosomes attached and
some have do not.
Flattened sacks that modify, package, and send proteins from the rough ER
out of the cell.
A rigid structure that protects and supports the plant cell
Separates the inside contents of the cell from the outside, regulates
materials entering and leave the cell, and allows for communication
between cells
28. Directions: Complete the Venn Diagram Below comparing and contrasting Plant cells and Animal cells by placing
the terms in the correct location.
Nucleus
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Large Vacuole
Small vacuoles
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Rectangular shaped
Spherical shape
Eukaryotic Cells
Cytoplasm
Performs Photosynthesis
Performs Cellular Respiration
Does not Perform Photosynthesis
PLANT CELL
ANIMAL CELL
29. For part a, b and c, label the names of each cell type below as well as their organelles.
a)
b)
H
(dots)
G
c) Label the organelles based on the diagrams above
A=
B=
C=
D=
E=
F=
G=
H=
30. Fill out the chart below.
Life Process
Excretion
Synthesis
Regulation
Reproduction
Respiration
Nutrition
Transport
Carried out by which organelle/s (write their name)