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Theme № 14.
Political science, its subject and
place in the social sciences.
Plan:
• 1. The emergence and establishment of
political science as a science.
• 2. Item category, the laws and methods
of political science.
• 3. Functions of political science and its
place in the social sciences.
• Political science is a social science and
plays an extremely important role and
studies on socio - political and spiritual
life. Mastery of political science is
especially important at the present stage
of development of our society, where
there are no ORDINARY processes that do
not fit into the framework of traditional
views
• Representations and understandings,
when one long, difficult transition
from totalitarianism to a new
democratic state, changing the
political structure, political and social
relations of power, acts multivariate
political relations between different
social groups and strata of society.
• History of political thought is more
than two and a half millennia. It is
known that in politics as the art of
government, have shown keen
interest in such pillars of the social political thought of antiquity, like
Aristotle, Plato, Cicero, Democritus,
etc.
• Then and later were written fundamental
works and paths whose names speak for
themselves - "Policy "," State "," law ","
Republic ", etc. They explored issues of power,
social and state structure, the development of
various social and political forces, relations
between the individual and society.
• A significant contribution to the establishment
of political science as a science and discipline
was the work of Italian political philosopher
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527gg.) In contrast
to the ancient thinkers, he considered the
doctrine of politics as an independent sphere
of law. In the center of his political doctrine of
Machiavelli posed the problem of the
government, subservient to political studies
solve practical problems of public life.
• Origin of the term "policy" is related to the
ancient Greek city - state, which was called
the policy. Policy - a type of society vennogo
device, developed in ancient Greece and
Rome. Polis organization was based on the
economic and political sovereignty of free
community of owners and producers, buyout
spread throughout the city-state (state)
territory.
• The subject of political science is
primarily a phenomenon of political
power. Political science studies the
nature of political power, its
institutions, laws of their occurrence,
operation, development and change
its character.
• Fundamental objects of study of
political science are:
• State, power and power relations;
• political systems and political relations
• political processes and political parties,
movements;
• political culture, the media,
• political behavior and political leadership;
• the international community and
international relations;
• political assessment of the political situation,
etc.
• Political science, as well as other social liberal arts, has its category. By category
of political science are: political power,
political relations, power relations,
political system of society, political
parties, political interest, political culture,
political ideology, political behavior;
• Interethnic relations, democracy, the
opposition, the social movement, political
pluralism, etc.
• Political science as an independent science
has its own system of rules that characterize
the most significant and sustainable
development trends and the use of political
power. In general, all of the laws, depending
on the scope display.
The first group
• A political - economic laws that reflect the
relationship between the economic base of
society and political power as a element of the
superstructure. However, The political power
is independent, which opens opportunities for
political influence on economic processes.
However, the independence of political power
is not absolute.
• The second group of laws - political social. They characterize the
development of political power as a
particular social system. Here the rule is
to strengthen government.
• Third group of patterns can be called
political - psychological. These patterns
reflect the relationships between the
individual and the power
• Of political - psychical patterns are the
most interesting achievement, retention,
and strengthen the power of the political
leader.
• Fourth group - foreign laws. This group
reflects the principles, methods, ways,
methods and mechanisms for solving
various problems of international
relations.
• In the study of political phenomena
and processes of political science
uses a variety of methods. The most
important of these are:
• Dialectical method - allows us to
consider the processes and
phenomena of the political sphere in
their growth and development,
relationships with each other;
• Sociological method, a set of
methods, techniques and principles
specific to the collection and
analysis of the facts of real political
life and acting a certain conclusion
that has practical value for the
government, political parties,
government agencies, etc.
• System method - considering the
political sphere of society as a set of
integrity consisting of elements that
are in relationships and connections
with each other and the
environment. Systematic method
allows objective assessment of what
is happening in society political
events and processes.
• Comparative method - is to compare
two or more objects that share common
features. This method allows you to
determine by comparing the general and
the particular political phenomena in a
variety of different political systems and
to identify the main trends in the
development of political processes and
relationships
• Behaviorist method (from the
English. Behaviour - behavior,
action) - is to analyze the political
behavior and actions of
individuals, groups and
individuals.
• Responsibilities of the political science is
not a formal, because it is about asking
her social role, the main tasks of the
society, the most important areas and
activities of the science. The main
functions of political science are:
• Methodological - it reveals the common
patterns politics, political relations,
develops techniques and methods for the
analysis of political processes and events;
• Theoretical - cognitive - allows to
discover the objective laws of social political development, difficulties,
contradictions, really assess the situation
prevailing in various stages and phases of
political development of society;