Download Blood Vessels Exam Key

Biology 12
Name:
Blood Vessels and Lymphatics Practice Exam - Key
A: Blood Vessels
1. Describe and differentiate among the five types of blood vessels.
Characteristics
Cross section
Arteries/Arterioles
3 layers – thick middle
layer of smooth
muscle
Veins/Venules
3 layers – middle
smooth muscle layer is
thinner
Capillaries
1 cell layer thick
Highest blood
pressure
Lower blood pressure
Lower blood pressure
Highest blood velocity
Blood velocity low but
higher than capillaries
due to movements of
the body
Lowest blood velocity
Lower surface area
than capillaries
Lower surface area
than capillaries
Highest surface area
No valves
Have 1 way valves
No valves but have
sphincters to close off
capillaries
Pressure
Velocity
Surface Area
Valves
2. Distinguish between Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation.
Pulmonary: blood flow to and from the lungs
Systemic: blood flow to and from
the body and head
Label the major blood vessels on the diagram.
4. Vessels which have walls made of endothelial cells and which are only one cell thick are
a) arterioles
b) venules
c) lymph veins
d) capillaries
5. Which of the following carries oxygenated blood?
a) renal vein
b) hepatic vein
c) pulmonary artery
d) pulmonary vein
6. Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation?
a) a vein carrying food from the intestine to the liver
b) an artery carrying oxygen to the arms
c) a vein carrying oxygen to the heart
d) a vein carrying carbon dioxide to the right ventricle
7. The blood supply to the intestines is the job of the
a) hepatic portal vein
b) mesenteric artery
c) renal vein
d) iliac artery
8. The blood supply to the liver is the job of the
a) hepatic portal vein
b) mesenteric artery
c) renal vein
d) iliac artery
9. Which of the following receives fatty acids from the lymph vessels?
a) hepatic vein
b) iliac vein
c) subclavian vein
d) jugular vein
10. Which of the following organs is associated with the pulmonary circulation?
a) kidney
b) pancreas
c) liver
d) lungs
11. In which vessels is the blood pressure the highest?
a) arteries
b) arterial
c) lymph
d) capillaries
12. Which of the following represents the path of a red blood cell as it leaves the left ventricle,
flows through the legs, and returns to the right atrium?
a) aorta, iliac vein, vena cava, iliac artery
b) aorta, iliac vein, iliac artery, vena cava
c) aorta, iliac artery, vena cava, iliac vein
d) aorta, iliac artery, iliac vein, vena cava
13. Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
a) remove fats from blood
b) site of infection fighting cells
c) control water levels in blood
d) produce plasma proteins
14. A blood vessel which has a thick middle layer of elastic and muscle fibers is most likely a
a) vein
b) artery
c) venule
d) capillary
15. The major portion of the circulatory system is called the
a) systemic system
b) pulmonary
c) hepatic portal system
d) coronary system
16. In the following diagram, the capillaries are represented by
a)
b)
c)
d)
A
B
C
D
17. The vein which carries the most oxygenated blood is the
a) carotid
b) coronary
c) renal
d) pulmonary
18. Blood pressure falls of drastically in the capillaries because
a) the capillaries contain valves
b) the capillaries collect lymph
c) they have a total large cross-sectional area
d) all of these
19. Describe Capillary-tissue Fluid Exchange
a) At the arterial end of the capillary bed
Nutrients like H2O, O2, glucose, amino acids, vitamins etc. diffuse from the capillaries into
the extra cellular fluid (ECF) and then diffuse into the cells.
Blood pressure is greater than osmotic pressure - water is forced into extra cellular fluid
and into the tissues.
b) At the venous end of the capillary bed
Wastes like H2O, CO2, NH3, and urea diffuse from the cells into the extra cellular fluid
(ECF) and then diffuse into the capillaries.
Blood pressure drops in capillaries (larger surface area); osmotic pressure is greater than
blood pressure. (Plasma proteins help make blood hypertonic), therefore, water also
diffuses back into blood.
B: Lymphatic System
20. Describe the functions of Lymph Capillaries, Veins, Nodes and lacteals.
function
Lymph Capillaries drain excess fluid from the tissues
Lymph Veins
drain excess fluid from the tissues - lymph veins have 1 way valves
Lymph Nodes
filter viruses and bacteria and remove cellular debris
Lacteals
absorb fats in the villi
C: Application
21. The table below shows the changes in blood flow to various parts of the body while at rest
and during different levels of exercise. Explain the blood flow to the following organs at the
different levels of exercise.
Skeletal muscles:
Blood flow to muscles increases to supply more O2 and glucose to the cells. Cells can produce
more energy (ATP) for increased muscle activity (contraction).
Intestine:
Blood flow to intestines decreases so that blood can be diverted to muscles.
Skin:
Blood flow to skin increases during fairly strenuous exercise to help release heat from the blood and
increase sweat gland activity.
Blood flow to skin decreases during maximum exertion so that blood can be diverted to muscles
Brain:
Blood flow to brain remains constant because brain needs constant supply of oxygen and glucose
to produce constant supply of ATP.