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Biology 12 Name: Blood Vessels and Lymphatics Practice Exam - Key A: Blood Vessels 1. Describe and differentiate among the five types of blood vessels. Characteristics Cross section Arteries/Arterioles 3 layers – thick middle layer of smooth muscle Veins/Venules 3 layers – middle smooth muscle layer is thinner Capillaries 1 cell layer thick Highest blood pressure Lower blood pressure Lower blood pressure Highest blood velocity Blood velocity low but higher than capillaries due to movements of the body Lowest blood velocity Lower surface area than capillaries Lower surface area than capillaries Highest surface area No valves Have 1 way valves No valves but have sphincters to close off capillaries Pressure Velocity Surface Area Valves 2. Distinguish between Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation. Pulmonary: blood flow to and from the lungs Systemic: blood flow to and from the body and head Label the major blood vessels on the diagram. 4. Vessels which have walls made of endothelial cells and which are only one cell thick are a) arterioles b) venules c) lymph veins d) capillaries 5. Which of the following carries oxygenated blood? a) renal vein b) hepatic vein c) pulmonary artery d) pulmonary vein 6. Which of the following is not part of the systemic circulation? a) a vein carrying food from the intestine to the liver b) an artery carrying oxygen to the arms c) a vein carrying oxygen to the heart d) a vein carrying carbon dioxide to the right ventricle 7. The blood supply to the intestines is the job of the a) hepatic portal vein b) mesenteric artery c) renal vein d) iliac artery 8. The blood supply to the liver is the job of the a) hepatic portal vein b) mesenteric artery c) renal vein d) iliac artery 9. Which of the following receives fatty acids from the lymph vessels? a) hepatic vein b) iliac vein c) subclavian vein d) jugular vein 10. Which of the following organs is associated with the pulmonary circulation? a) kidney b) pancreas c) liver d) lungs 11. In which vessels is the blood pressure the highest? a) arteries b) arterial c) lymph d) capillaries 12. Which of the following represents the path of a red blood cell as it leaves the left ventricle, flows through the legs, and returns to the right atrium? a) aorta, iliac vein, vena cava, iliac artery b) aorta, iliac vein, iliac artery, vena cava c) aorta, iliac artery, vena cava, iliac vein d) aorta, iliac artery, iliac vein, vena cava 13. Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system? a) remove fats from blood b) site of infection fighting cells c) control water levels in blood d) produce plasma proteins 14. A blood vessel which has a thick middle layer of elastic and muscle fibers is most likely a a) vein b) artery c) venule d) capillary 15. The major portion of the circulatory system is called the a) systemic system b) pulmonary c) hepatic portal system d) coronary system 16. In the following diagram, the capillaries are represented by a) b) c) d) A B C D 17. The vein which carries the most oxygenated blood is the a) carotid b) coronary c) renal d) pulmonary 18. Blood pressure falls of drastically in the capillaries because a) the capillaries contain valves b) the capillaries collect lymph c) they have a total large cross-sectional area d) all of these 19. Describe Capillary-tissue Fluid Exchange a) At the arterial end of the capillary bed Nutrients like H2O, O2, glucose, amino acids, vitamins etc. diffuse from the capillaries into the extra cellular fluid (ECF) and then diffuse into the cells. Blood pressure is greater than osmotic pressure - water is forced into extra cellular fluid and into the tissues. b) At the venous end of the capillary bed Wastes like H2O, CO2, NH3, and urea diffuse from the cells into the extra cellular fluid (ECF) and then diffuse into the capillaries. Blood pressure drops in capillaries (larger surface area); osmotic pressure is greater than blood pressure. (Plasma proteins help make blood hypertonic), therefore, water also diffuses back into blood. B: Lymphatic System 20. Describe the functions of Lymph Capillaries, Veins, Nodes and lacteals. function Lymph Capillaries drain excess fluid from the tissues Lymph Veins drain excess fluid from the tissues - lymph veins have 1 way valves Lymph Nodes filter viruses and bacteria and remove cellular debris Lacteals absorb fats in the villi C: Application 21. The table below shows the changes in blood flow to various parts of the body while at rest and during different levels of exercise. Explain the blood flow to the following organs at the different levels of exercise. Skeletal muscles: Blood flow to muscles increases to supply more O2 and glucose to the cells. Cells can produce more energy (ATP) for increased muscle activity (contraction). Intestine: Blood flow to intestines decreases so that blood can be diverted to muscles. Skin: Blood flow to skin increases during fairly strenuous exercise to help release heat from the blood and increase sweat gland activity. Blood flow to skin decreases during maximum exertion so that blood can be diverted to muscles Brain: Blood flow to brain remains constant because brain needs constant supply of oxygen and glucose to produce constant supply of ATP.