Download Unit 1 test review and answer key 16

Grade 9 Science
Unit 1 “Space” Test Review
Name: _________________
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
statement true.
____
1. Earth spins on its axis from west to east, which is why the Sun appears to rise in the east and set in
the west.
____
2. Ancient people were able to see the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus.
____
3. A celestial body is a natural object in space such as a comet.
____
4. As the planets revolve around the Sun, they move at the same rate along the ecliptic.
____
5. Galileo was the first to use the scientific method and apply it to astronomy.
____
6. Kepler was able to predict the motion of the planets by using a circle for each planet’s orbit.
____
7. The speed of a planet as it revolves around the Sun is constant.
____
8. Saturn and Uranus can be seen only by observing through telescopes.
____
9. The outer planets have large rocky surfaces.
____ 10. The path that the Sun follows each day is called the ecliptic.
____ 11. Asteroids and comets move along the ecliptic in the same way as the planets do.
____ 12. The Jovian planets are Mars, Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune.
____ 13. The terrestrial planets are larger in size and have larger orbits than the Jovian planets.
____ 14. The diameter of the Sun is about 10 times that of Earth.
____ 15. The Sun has no solid surface but is a complex system of gases.
____ 16. Sunspots increase or decrease in size on an 11-year cycle.
____ 17. A long-period comet can become a short-period comet.
____ 18. The brightness of a comet in the night sky depends only on its size.
____ 19. A “shooting star” is a comet that moves at high speed.
____ 20. Pluto is the largest dwarf planet.
____ 21. A dwarf planet has enough gravity to clear its orbit of debris left over from the formation of the
solar system.
____ 22. Radio telescopes reveal characteristics of celestial objects that cannot be studied using an optical
telescope.
____ 23. A solar prominence is a large loop of slightly cooler gas that extends out from the Sun’s surface.
____ 24. A solar wind is a stream of high-energy particles.
____ 25. To find life in other solar systems, optical telescopes would be more useful than radio telescopes.
____ 26. The electromagnetic spectrum consists of only the energy that forms visible light.
____ 27. A galaxy does not change its position within the universe.
____ 28. Light from stars can be collected and then divided into individual spectral patterns using a
spectroscope.
____ 29. There are four basic shapes of galaxies: spiral, elliptical, regular, and irregular.
____ 30. A spiral galaxy looks like a pinwheel from above.
____ 31. Elliptical galaxies contain some of the oldest stars in the universe.
____ 32. Stars are formed within a nebula from the dust and gases found there.
____ 33. Interstellar matter is made up of gas (mostly hydrogen) and dust.
____ 34. A high mass star has 12 or more times the mass of the Sun.
____ 35. An astronomical unit is the distance from Earth to the Sun.
____ 36. Astronomical units are used to measure distances between different types of star systems.
____ 37. The light from a star that is travelling away from Earth will be red-shifted.
____ 38. According to the Big Bang theory, the universe will end in a Big Crunch.
____ 39. The Stellar Collision theory is the more likely explanation of the formation of our solar system.
____ 40. Eventually, a dwarf star collapses in on itself causing a supernova.
____ 41. A black hole is called “black” because only light can escape its gravitational pull.
____ 42. Quasars are thought to be the brightest objects in the universe.
____ 43. The key factor that determines the life path of a star is its mass.
____ 44. Our Sun has a smaller mass and is farther away from Earth than Betelgeuse.
Completion
Complete each statement.
45. Copernicus’ view of the solar system with the Sun at the centre is called the
____________________ model.
46. The path taken by a celestial body around another body such as a star or a planet is called a(n)
____________________.
47. A natural object observed in space such as a planet or a star is called a ____________________.
48. After Aristotle observed that the star patterns in the night sky did not change, he concluded that
Earth was ____________________.
49. Celestial bodies include the Sun, Moon, stars, asteroids, comets, and ____________________.
50. Aristotle introduced the concept of a ____________________ universe with Earth at its centre.
51. It was ____________________ who discovered that white light, when passed through a prism, is
split into a spectrum of colors.
52. The constellation shown is called ____________________.
53. A meteor burning up in Earth’s atmosphere is called a ____________________.
54. While orbiting in the International Space Station, a condition known as ____________________
is experienced by all objects in space.
55. The space vehicle sent to explore Mars is called a ________________________.
56. Optical telescopes collect ____________________ and radio telescopes collect
____________________.
57. Energy emitted from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation is called
____________________.
58. Material that is found in space between the stars is called ____________________.
59. The process in which hydrogen atoms combine to form helium atoms is called
____________________.
60. The massive explosion at the end of the life of a high mass star is called a
____________________.
61. The material from a collapsed star forms a ____________________, which is so dense that its
strong gravitational pull allows nothing to escape.
62. White light splits into bands of colors called a ____________________.
63. The main evidence for the Big Bang theory is the phenomenon called the
____________________.
64. Energy that is radiated in the form of waves is referred to as ____________________.
65. A distance of about 9.5 trillion km is known as a(n) ____________________.
66. The distance from Earth to the Sun is one ____________________ .
Matching
Match each term with the most appropriate description.
a. asterism
f. revolution
b. celestial body
g. telescope
c. magnitude
h. zodiacal constellation
d. circumpolar constellation
i. ellipse
e. astrolabe
j. retrograde
____ 67. a pattern of stars that never appears to set below the horizon
____ 68. a smaller group of stars that forms a pattern within a constellation
____ 69. a natural object in space
____ 70. the 12 star patterns that appear along the ecliptic
____ 71. the shape of the orbit that planets travel around the Sun
____ 72. an instrument used to provide magnified views of celestial objects
____ 73. one complete motion of a planet around the Sun
____ 74. refers to the brightness of a star
Match each individual with the most appropriate description.
a. Aristotle
d. Kepler
b. Copernicus
e. Newton
c. Galileo
f. Ptolemy
____ 75. discovered the retrograde motion of Mars
____ 76. used a telescope to prove that the Sun is the centre of the solar system
____ 77. proposed a geocentric universe because the pattern of stars did not change
____ 78. developed a model of the heliocentric universe
Match each celestial object with the most appropriate description.
a. asteroid
d. meteor
b. comet
e. moon
c. dwarf planet
f. meteorite
____ 79. an orbiting companion of a planet
____ 80. a meteoroid that burns up as it passes through Earth’s atmosphere
____ 81. has a long dust tail
____ 82. smaller than a planet but massive enough for its own gravity
____ 83. a small body that is believed to be leftover remains from the formation of the solar system
____ 84. a meteoroid large enough not to burn up entirely as it passes through Earth’s atmosphere, and
therefore reaches Earth’s surface
Match each term to the most appropriate description.
a. rover
d. reflecting telescope
b. probe
e. refracting telescope
c. radio telescope
f. satellite
____ 85. a movable device designed to land on a planet or a moon and carry out tests
____ 86. uses a set of lenses to gather and focus light
____ 87. uses a series of mirrors to collect light and project the image to an eyepiece lens
____ 88. a vehicle carrying scientific instruments that travels to celestial bodies and analyzes distant objects
in space
____ 89. a large receiver that collects and focuses radio signals coming from distant objects onto a receiver
____ 90. an electronic device put in orbit around Earth in order to relay information
Match each star with the most appropriate description.
a. black dwarf
d. red giant
b. neutron star
e. white dwarf
c. red dwarf
____ 91. a high mass star that uses a lot of energy and burns out faster than other stars
____ 92. a dense, burned-out star that is made up mostly of carbon and oxygen
____ 93. a low mass star that burns its hydrogen fuel very slowly and may last 100 billion years
____ 94. a low mass, hot, and dim star that burns out quietly
____ 95. a star that forms from the remaining core of a supernova
Match each image with the correct galaxy.
a.
c.
b.
____ 96. irregular galaxy
____ 97. spiral galaxy
____ 98. elliptical galaxy
Match each term with the most appropriate description. All terms may not be used.
a. quasar
d. galaxy
b. black hole
e. nebula
c. supernova
f. star
____ 99. a collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity
____100. a collapsed star that is so dense that light cannot escape
____101. a region of extremely high energy
____102. a cloud of dust and hydrogen gas
____103. a massive explosion that occurs when a high mass star collapses
Match each term with the most appropriate description.
a. astronomical unit
c. light-year
b. revolution
d. rotation
____104. the average distance between Earth and the Sun
____105. the distance that light travels in one Earth year
____106. the process of Earth orbiting the Sun
____107. the process of Earth spinning on its axis
Short Answer
108. Why do people in the northern hemisphere see the North Star (Polaris) as fixed in one spot in the
night sky?
109. Compare the geocentric model and the heliocentric model of the universe.
110. a) What is an asterism?
b) Give an example.
111. a) What are the two groups into which the planets are divided? List the planets in each group.
b) What are the main differences between the two groups of planets?
112. How was the model of the universe proposed by Copernicus different than the one proposed by
Ptolemy?
113. a) How are the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars classified?
b) Identify two features that these planets have in common.
114. a) What is a dwarf planet? In your answer make sure you explain why a planet would be classified
as a dwarf planet.
b) Give an example.
115. How is Pluto similar to the eight planets in our solar system? How is it different?
116. Why is Pluto no longer considered a planet?
117. What are “shooting stars?”
118. The photograph shows a celestial body called Ida. The smaller dot is its moon called Dactyl. Ida is
about 50 km by 23 km and orbits between Mars and Jupiter. What type of celestial body is it?
119. You pick up a black, heavy rock that your brother identifies as a meteor. Could he be correct?
120. Explain how black holes can be detected if they emit no light.
121. How can the spectrum of a star be used to determine whether the star is moving away from our
galaxy?
122. Briefly describe how a black hole is thought to form.
Grade 9 Unit 1 test review
Answer Section
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: T
2. ANS: F
Ancient people were able to see the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn (not Uranus).
3. ANS: T
4. ANS: F
As the planets revolve around the Sun, they move at different rates along the ecliptic.
(Planets travel in different orbits with different orbital speeds.)
5. ANS: T
6. ANS: F
Kepler was able to predict the motion of the planets by using an ellipsis for each planet’s orbit.
7. ANS: F
The speed of a planet as it revolves around the Sun is not constant.
8. ANS: F
Neptune can be seen only by observing through telescopes.
9. ANS: F
The outer planets have large gaseous surfaces.
10. ANS: T
11. ANS: F
Asteroids (not comets) move along the ecliptic in the same way as the planets do.
12. ANS: F
The Jovian planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
13. ANS: F
The terrestrial planets are smaller in size and have smaller orbits than the Jovian planets.
14. ANS: F
The diameter of the Sun is about 110 times that of Earth.
15. ANS: T
16. ANS: F
Sunspots increase or decrease in number on an 11-year cycle.
17. ANS: T
18. ANS: F
The brightness of a comet in the night sky depends on its size, its distance to the Sun, and its distance to
Earth.
A “shooting star” is a meteor that moves at high speed. (This term applies to meteors that burn up when
entering Earth’s atmosphere at high speed.)
20. ANS: F
Eris is the largest dwarf planet.
21. ANS: F
A dwarf planet does not have enough gravity to clear its orbit of debris left over from the formation of the
solar system.
22. ANS: T
23. ANS: F
A solar prominence is a large loop of super-hot gas that extends out from the Sun’s surface.
24. ANS: T
25. ANS: F
To find life in other solar systems, radio telescopes would be more useful than optical telescopes. (Radio
telescopes can reveal characteristics of celestial objects that optical telescopes could not do. Radio telescopes
might be able to pick up radio signals from other planets.
26. ANS: F
Only one small part of the electromagnetic spectrum consists of the energy that forms visible light.
27. ANS: F
A galaxy is always moving within the universe.
28. ANS: T
29. ANS: F
There are three basic shapes of galaxies: spiral, elliptical, and irregular.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
ANS: T
ANS: T
ANS: T
ANS: T
ANS: T
ANS: T
MSC: Level 1
36. ANS: F
Astronomical units are used to measure distances within the solar system.
PTS: 1
37. ANS: T
MSC: Level 1
38. ANS: F
According to the Oscillating theory, the universe will end in a Big Crunch.
39. ANS: F
The Nebular hypothesis is the more likely explanation of the formation of our solar system.
40. ANS: F
Eventually, a supergiant collapses in on itself causing a supernova.
41. ANS: F
A black hole is called “black” because nothing, not even light, can escape its gravitational pull.
42. ANS: T
43. ANS: T
44. ANS: F
Our Sun has a smaller mass and is closer to Earth than Betelgeuse.
COMPLETION
45. ANS: heliocentric
46. ANS: orbit
47. ANS: celestial body
48. ANS: stationary
49. ANS: planets
50. ANS: geocentric
51. ANS: Newton
52. ANS: Leo
53. ANS: meteor or shooting star
54. ANS: microgravity or weightlessness
55. ANS: probe
56. ANS: visible light, radio waves
57. ANS: solar radiation
58. ANS: interstellar matter
59. ANS: (nuclear) fusion
60. ANS: supernova
61. ANS: black hole
62. ANS: spectrum
63. ANS: cosmological red shift
64. ANS: electromagnetic radiation
65. ANS: light-year
66. ANS: astronomical unit
MATCHING
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
D
A
B
H
I
G
F
C
75.
76.
77.
78.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
F
C
A
B
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
E
D
B
C
A
F
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
A
E
D
B
C
F
91. ANS: D
93. ANS: C
94. ANS: E
95. ANS: B
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
B
C
A
D
B
A
E
C
104.
105.
106.
107.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
A
C
B
D
SHORT ANSWER
108. ANS:
The North Star (Polaris) is almost directly above Earth’s North Pole. Earth’s axis is an imaginary line running
from the North Pole to the South Pole. As Earth rotates on its axis, the point above it appears to be fixed.
109. ANS:
- A geocentric universe has Earth at the centre and the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars revolving around it.
- A heliocentric universe has the Sun at the centre. Earth rotates on its axis once daily and rotates around the
Sun once a year.
110. a) An asterism is a smaller group of stars forming patterns within a constellation.
b) Look for one (1) example such as the Big Dipper.
111. a) The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and
Neptune.
b) The inner planets have solid cores and rocky crusts, while the outer planets have gaseous atmospheres and
no solid surfaces.
112. Copernicus proposed that the motion of the celestial bodies that earlier astronomers observed could be
explained in a much simpler way by a model in which the Sun was at the centre and Earth rotated on its axis.
Ptolemy’s theory of planets moving within wheels attached to circular spheres centred on Earth was very
complex and difficult to use.
113. a) These planets are called the inner planets or terrestrial planets.
b) Any two (2) characteristics such as the following:
- relatively small
- have solid cores and rocky crusts
- slow spinning
- small orbits
114. ANS:
a) A dwarf planet is a celestial object orbiting the Sun that is generally smaller than a planet but massive
enough for its own gravity to give it a round shape. Dwarf planets do not have enough gravity to clear their
orbits of debris left over from the formation of the solar system.
b) Any one (1) dwarf planet such as the following:
- Pluto
- Eris
115. ANS:
Answers may vary include at least 2 (2) similarities and two (2) differences, including the following:
Similarity:
- It orbits one or more stars.
- Its gravity holds it in a round shape.
Difference:
- It is not the only body occupying its orbital path.
- It does not have enough gravity to clear its orbital path of debris.
116. ANS:
Include at least 2 points such as the following:
- It is not the only body occupying its orbital path.
- It does not have enough gravity to clear its orbital path of debris.
117. ANS:
What some people call “shooting stars” are really meteors. These are meteoroids that burn up as they pass
through Earth’s atmosphere at high speed.
118. ANS:
Its size and shape indicate that it cannot be a planet or a dwarf planet. Since it orbits between Mars and
Jupiter, it must be an asteroid in the asteroid belt.
119. ANS:
He is incorrect. Even though, the chunk of rock might be from outer space, a meteoroid that survives passing
through the atmosphere and reaching Earth’s surface is called a meteorite.
120. ANS:
- The material pulled toward a black hole emits electromagnetic radiation, which can be measured.
- The gravity of black holes has an effect on passing stars and galaxies.
- Super-dense objects distort light from distant stars that are behind them.
121. ANS:
- If a star is moving farther away the lines will shift toward the red end of the spectrum.
122.
ANS:
A black hole is thought to form when a high mass star explodes as a supernova at the end of its life. The star
collapses into itself. Since the material of the collapsed star is very dense, it has a powerful gravitational pull
and nothing, not even light, can escape its gravitational force.