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Circulation Rachel Muheim Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Circulation medium Animals without a circulatory system: – no true “blood” Invertebrates with an open circulatory system: – Hemolymph = blood plasma and lymph Invertebrates with a closed circulatory system: – Blood in blood vessels Vertebrates: – Blood Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi A) Invertebrate circulatory systems No circulatory system: • Diffusion Sponges (Porifera); Platyhelminthes; Radiata (Cnidaria and Ctenophora); many endoparasites Circulatory system: • Open circulatory system Arthropods all molluscs, apart from Cephalopodes • Closed circulatory system Nemertea Annelida Cephalopodes (all vertebrates) Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Development of open and closed circulatory systems Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Invertebrates with closed circulatory systems Nemertea Annelida Cephalopodes Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Closed circulatory system in Nemertea Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Closed circulatory system in Annelids Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Closed circulatory system in molluscs (cephalopods) Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Invertebrates with open circulatory systems Molluscs (except for cephalopods) Arthropods Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Open circulatory system in molluscs (bivalves) Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Open circulatory system in arthropods Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi B) Vertebrate circulatory systems Lancets (Amphioxus) Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi From single to double circulation Single circulation in fish Double circulation in tetrapods Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Evolution of the aortic arches in the vertebrate circulatory system Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Vertebrate circulatory system Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Two-chambered heart of fishes Heart with two chambers in series: an atrium and a ventricle Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Three-chambered heart of amphibians Heart with three chambers: two atria, but only one ventricle Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Four-chambered heart of crocodiles, birds and mammals Four chambered heart with two completely separated circuits: Blood from the lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → pumps blood to body in the systemic circuit Blood from the body → right atrium → right ventricle → pumps blood to lungs in the pulmonary circuit Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi Air breathing and diving in amphibians and aquatic reptiles Example: Crocodiles with two completely separated circuits air breathing Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi diving Animal circulatory systems No circulatory system: • Diffusion over short distances of <1 mm Sponges (Porifera) Radiata (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) Platyhelminthes many endoparasites Circulatory system: • Open circulatory system Heart and arteries release the hemolymph into the hemocoel • Closed circulatory system Heart, arteries, veins and capillaries; blood stays in a closed system of blood vessels Arthropodes all molluscs, apart from Cephalopodes Nemertea Annelida Cephalopodes Vertebrates Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi