Download Closed circulatory system

Circulation
Rachel Muheim
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Circulation medium
Animals without a circulatory system:
– no true “blood”
Invertebrates with an open circulatory system:
– Hemolymph = blood plasma and lymph
Invertebrates with a closed circulatory system:
– Blood in blood vessels
Vertebrates:
– Blood
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
A) Invertebrate circulatory systems
No circulatory system:
• Diffusion
Sponges (Porifera);
Platyhelminthes;
Radiata (Cnidaria and
Ctenophora);
many endoparasites
Circulatory system:
• Open circulatory system
Arthropods
all molluscs, apart from
Cephalopodes
• Closed circulatory system
Nemertea
Annelida
Cephalopodes
(all vertebrates)
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Development of open and closed circulatory systems
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Invertebrates with closed circulatory systems
Nemertea
Annelida
Cephalopodes
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Closed circulatory system in Nemertea
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Closed circulatory system
in Annelids
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Closed circulatory system
in molluscs (cephalopods)
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Invertebrates with open circulatory systems
Molluscs (except for cephalopods)
Arthropods
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Open circulatory system in
molluscs (bivalves)
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Open circulatory system in arthropods
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
B) Vertebrate circulatory systems
Lancets (Amphioxus)
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
From single to double circulation
Single circulation in fish
Double circulation in tetrapods
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Evolution of the aortic arches in the
vertebrate circulatory system
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Vertebrate circulatory system
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Two-chambered heart of fishes
Heart with two chambers in series: an atrium and a ventricle
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Three-chambered heart of amphibians
Heart with three chambers: two atria, but only one ventricle
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Four-chambered heart of crocodiles, birds and mammals
Four chambered heart with two completely
separated circuits:
Blood from the lungs → left atrium →
left ventricle → pumps blood to body in
the systemic circuit
Blood from the body → right atrium →
right ventricle → pumps blood to lungs in
the pulmonary circuit
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
Air breathing and diving in
amphibians and aquatic reptiles
Example:
Crocodiles with two completely
separated circuits
air breathing
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi
diving
Animal circulatory systems
No circulatory system:
• Diffusion
over short distances of <1 mm
Sponges (Porifera)
Radiata (Cnidaria and Ctenophora)
Platyhelminthes
many endoparasites
Circulatory system:
• Open circulatory system
Heart and arteries release the
hemolymph into the hemocoel
• Closed circulatory system
Heart, arteries, veins and
capillaries; blood stays in a closed
system of blood vessels
Arthropodes
all molluscs, apart from Cephalopodes
Nemertea
Annelida
Cephalopodes
Vertebrates
Lund University / Faculty of Science / Department of Biology / BIO B02 – Zoologi