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Bio 230 - Microbiology - Spring 2011
Learning Guide 01
http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/index.php?module=Book&func=displaychapter&chap_id=32&theme=Printer
One does not have to "see bacteria" to
know that they exist and that they are
responsible for "chemical
transformation" and infectious disease.
What do you know that supports this
statement?
John Snow
1854
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http://clareverse.files.wordpress.com/2006/12/613px-snow-cholera-map.jpg
IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS
(July 1, 1818 - August 13, 1865)
In 1841 (30 years before the GERM THEORY of disease was
established) young doctor IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS was hired
to run a maternity ward in a Vienna hospital.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_Semmelweis
http://users.stlcc.edu/kkiser/resizeLeeuw.gif
http://www.nndb.com/people/356/000087095/robert-hooke-1.jpg
http://lane.stanford.edu/graphics/portals/history/HookeMicroscope800x1209px.jpg
The Francesco Redi experiment 1668
History of Spontaneous Generation
Year
1668
1745
1768
1859
1870
1877
Event
Francesco Redi attacks spontaneous generation and disproves it
for large organisms
John Needham adds chick broth to a flask and boils it, lets it
cool and waits. Microbes grow and he proposes it as an example
of spontaneous generation.
Lazzaro Spallanzani repeats Needham's experiment, but
removes all the air from the flask. No growth occurs.
Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flasks show that spontaneous
generation does not occur.
Thomas H. Huxley gives his "Biogenesis and Abiogenesis"
lecture. The speech offered powerful support for Pasteur's claim
to have experimentally disproved spontaneous generation.
John Tyndall publishes his method for fractional sterilization,
showing the existence of heat-resistant bacterial spores.
What is this?
http://web.ukonline.co.uk/b.gardner/kochwife.gif
http://media.wiley.com/Lux/26/8326.nfg002.jpg
http://www.bact.wisc.edu/themicrobialworld/anthrax.html
Bacillus anthracis. Gram stain. 1500X.
http://www.usal.es/~revistamedicinacine/Indice_2005/Revista/numero%202/esp/carpeta_padres_microb/Foto%2010%20a%20Robert%20K
och%20(1406.jpg
Lister, Joseph
BRITISH SURGEON
1827–1912
http://www.chemistryexplained.com/images/chfa_03_img0510.jpg
Differential staining of blood cells. These figures show the type of
differential staining that gave Paul Ehrlich his idea for a "Magic
Bullet". Different parts of the cells in these three pictures stain
differently with a stain composed of the same mixture of dyes.
Erlich search for a magic bullet to cure syphilis, which in the late
19th century was a scourge as terrible as AIDS is today. In the final
stages of syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease its victim suffered
horribly and eventually died insane as the brain was destroyed by the
infection. Over many years he tested 100s of chemicals and finally in
1910 he found one, he named SALVARSAN or compound 606, that
killed the syphilis organisms without killing the host (usually).
The treatment, however, had many problems,
causing long lasting health complications for those
individuals who used it. In addition, despite
Treponema being quite sensitive to salvarsan, the
physician had to administer it intravenously for
optimum effectiveness.
Martinus Willem Beijerinck was the
father of Enrichment culture, a procedure
which allows for the selective isolation of
organisms from nature.
(March 16, 1851 - January 1, 1931)
http://en.citizendium.org/images/thumb/4/48/BacterConjugation.gif/350px-BacterConjugation.gif
http://www2.bc.cc.ca.us/bio16/images/pilus.jpg
http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v2/n8/images/nrg0801_634a_f3.gif
Highlights in the History of Microbiology
http://users.stlcc.edu/kkiser/History.page.html#Timeline
A Brief History of Microbiology
http://www.microbiologybytes.com/introduction/History.html
MICROBIOLOGY 101/102 INTERNET TEXT
CHAPTER I: A BRIEF HISTORY OF
MICROBIOLOGY
http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/pages/Chap1.html
Antecedents of Escherichia coli B have been traced through publications,
inferences, and personal communication to a strain from the Institut Pasteur in
Paris used by d'Herelle in his studies of bacteriophages as early as 1918 (a strain
not in the current collection). This strain appears to have passed from d'Herelle to
Bordet in 1920, and from Bordet to at least three other laboratories by 1925. The
strain that Gratia received from Bordet was apparently passed to Bronfenbrenner
by 1924 and from him to Luria around 1941. Delbrück and Luria published the first
paper calling this strain B in 1942. Its choice as the common host for phages T1–
T7 by the phage group that developed around Delbrück, Luria, and Hershey in the
1940s led to widespread use of B along with E. coli K-12, chosen about the same
time for biochemical and genetic studies by Tatum and Lederberg. Not all currently
available strains related to B are descended from the B of Delbrück and Luria; at
least three strains with somewhat different characteristics were derived
independently by Hershey directly from the Bronfenbrenner strain , and a strain
that appears to have passed from Bordet to Wollman is in the current Collection of
the Institut Pasteur. The succession of manipulations and strains that led from the B
of Delbrück and Luria to REL606 and BL21 (DE3) is given, established in part
through evidence from their recently determined complete genome sequences.
The End