Download Diplomacy and Wartime Reconstruction

Diplomacy and Wartime
Reconstruction
Abby Gordon
Period 6
King
Cotton
– Phrase frequently used by
Southerners prior to the Civil War
indicating the political and economic
importance of cotton production.
– The concept was first suggested in
David Christy’s book Cotton is King.
– The south was confident of success if
secession from the United States
would lead to war
The
Cotton
Gin
– The invention of the cotton gin in 1793, cotton surpassed tobacco as the dominant cash crop in the Southern agricultural society. – It soon began to make up more than half of the total U.S. exports The Trent
Affair (1861)
– An incident during the American Civil War involving the doctrine of freedom of the seas. – Nearly precipitated war between America and Great Britain. – On November 8, 1861, Captain Charles Wilkes, commanding the Union freight San Jacinto seized the neutral British ship (in regards to the civil war) called the Trent. Confederates were seeking support from England and France. The Trent
Affair: Effects
– This unauthorized seizure aroused
protest and demands for war in Britain.
– The British demanded an apology and the
release of the two British men seized.
• 
The confederacy had high hopes of
international intervention from either
Britain of France.
They were hoping these two powerful
countries would aid them in defeating
the union.
Southern View:
International Intervention
•  The Union government tried to block the
international intervention in American
Civil War from France and England.
They threatened war if any of the
nations tried to grant official recognition
to the Confederate States of America.
Neither country did.
Northern View: International
Intervention
In 1861, the confederate states were trying to get England
to intervene in the war, so the south voluntary cut off
cotton trade to England.
It was thought that this would cripple them economically, so
that Britain would be forced to enter the war in order to
get cotton
England had enough surplus quantity of cotton, so this
attempt was unsuccessful.
Southern Voluntary Restriction of
Cotton
Why did the
Battle of
Antietam delay
Europe’s
intervention
into the war?
– Many victories over the summer of
1862 by the Confederate army had
the cotton-hungry French and
English close to recognizing the
Confederate States of America and
intervention to help the
confederates finish the war.
– Once new of the defeat at Antietam
reached over seas, the European
powers stepped away and remained
neutral. Especially because of the
Emancipation Proclamation.
•  Britain was prevented from recognizing
the South because of economic and
humanitarian rationales: This includes
economic ties to the union, and
abolitionist sentiment.
Slavery had been outlawed in Britain,
so assisting a war that was fighting for
slavery was not favorable among the
people.
What two factors kept Europe from
recognizing the South? Why?
Lincoln’s 10%
Plan
– On December 8, 1863, Lincoln issued
his plan for reunification of the
Confederate States of America and
the United States of America.
– This was created late in the war,
when it was clear that some state
governments were ready to be
rebuilt.
The 10% Plan:
Part 1
– The proclamation allowed for a full
pardon and restoration of property to all
engaged in the war.
– This had an exception to all of the
confederate officials and military leaders
Reconstruction:
Part 2
– The plan allowed for a new state
government to be formed for each
confederate state when at least 10% of
the eligible voters had taken an oath of
allegiance to the United States.
– This is not a very large percentage,
because Lincoln wanted to make it very
easy for states to rejoin the Union, given
that this was his original goal when
elected: preservation of the union.
Reconstruction:
Part 3
– Lastly, the southern states who were
admitted through the second part of the
10% plan were encouraged to enact plans
to deal with he freed slaves.
– This was only under the condition that
their freedom was not compromised.
Southern
Reaction to the
10% Plan
– The 10% Plan was easy for most
Southerners to agree with.
– For some of them the third part and the
emancipation was not so easy to grasp. (It
ended up that slavery took a legal form
with the Black codes and Scallywags)
– Radical Republicans believed that this bill was
too soft on the Confederate states.
Why did radical
republican
oppose Lincoln
– Some believed that because it was like the union
was acting like nothing happened. Radical
Republicans believed that now they had won the
war, the South should have to pay.
– Lincoln believed the opposite, however because
he wanted to move on from the civil war very
quickly .
–  On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor and
confederate sympathizer, fatally shot President Abraham
Lincoln.
Assassination of
Lincoln
–  The attack came only five days after Confederate General
Robert E. Lee surrendered his massive army at
Appomattox Courthouse.
–  This ultimately ended the war and ended slavery,
something that confederate supporters were not very
happy about.
Wade- Davis Bill
– In replacement of Lincoln’s 10% Plan, the WadeDavis Bill was created by Senator Benjamin F.
Wade and Representative Henry Winter Davis in
1864.
– Lincoln originally vetoed this bill, but after his
assassination, the bill was brought back to life.
– Also known as the 50% Plan.
Parts of the
Wade-Davis Bill
–  The Wade- Davis Bill required that 50 Percent of a state’s
white males take a loyalty oath to be readmitted to the
Union.
–  In addition, states were required to give blacks the right
to vote.