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Topic Founding of Rome Etruscans - Details According to legendRome was foundedby Romulus - He and his twin brotherwere said to have beenraisedby wolves - Legendsaysthat he killed his brotherRemus in a fight over where the city shouldbe located - Most early Etruscanswere farmers - Etruscaninfluencealong with that of the Greekshad the greatestinfluenceon the developmentof Romanreligion - The Etruscanking was ovefthrown in 509 BC and the Romansformed a Republic The Roman Senatewas composedmainly of Patricianswho madethe Roman laws and advisedthe consuls Roman Senate 300 of them madeup the Legislativebranch of the Roman government Resentmentover their power causedunrest They createda constitutioncalled The Twelve Tables- a reform which helpedto easetensionsbetweenthe Patriciansand the Plebeians Rolesin Roman Government Punic Wars - Executive- Two consulselectedfor one year, led the governmentand commanded the army - Legislative- make the laws 300 Senators most of whom were wealthy Patricians - Judicial- Eightjudges oversawcourtsand govemedthe provinces,eachhad the power to veto the other - Seriesof wars againstCarthage Rome won all of them but almost lost the secondone to Hannibal who crossedthe Alps with elephantsand almost captured Rome The gap betweenrich and poor grew Civil War Generalsbecameambitious for power and hired the poor as soldiers Somegeneralsstayedloyal to the Republic The otherssidedwith the Plebeians Conflict broke out betweengroupswithin the samecountry The strugglelastedfor yearswhen Sulla, who led the Patricianside,took power and becamea dictator Slavesmadeup the lowest and largestclass in Roman society( up to 113of society) Slaves Someslaveswere prisonersof war Otherswere bom into slavery Trade Slavescould be freed and were granted Roman citizenshipwhen they became freemen - Tradebusiestduring the Pax Romana(Roman Peace) - Used trade routeson the MediterraneanSeato travel to Spain,Africa, and westemAsia Rome's Geography - Also tradedby land in Gaul and other parts ofEurope - Tradersbrought back grain, ivory, silk, spices,gold and silver, and wild animals - Rome's location offered water, protection,and trade - 7 hills - Tiber River - Mediterranean,Adriatic, Ionian, and TyrrhenianSeas - Italianpeninsula - Alps and the Apennines Mountains Pax Romana Roman Religion - Startedby Augustus - Beginning of 200 year period of peace - Empire grew to its greatestsize - Built roads,bridges,and tunnels - CreatedstrongNavy - Tradeprospered - Greatestinfluencesfrom the Greeksand Etruscans Etruscanidea of gods in human form and rituals designedto predict the future to foretell resultsof battles,etc. Borrowed many Greek gods and changed most of their names Emperorscould becomegods Jupiter- the supremegod Caesar'srule and his deathput and end to the Republic Caesarwas assassinated by a group of Senators - - The end of the Republic - Explain the reasonsfor the collapseof the Roman Republic. Think about: - The classtensionsin Roman society - How Roman generalscausedunrest - The rule of Julius Caesar As time passedwealthy Romanswantedto gain more power and wealth, this group includedgeneralswho wantedmore power The gap betweenthe rich and poor widened Somegeneralswere supportedby Patricians Somegeneralswere supportedby Plebeians Civil war broke out betweengenerals supportedby each group Julius Caesarcameto power - he was made "Dictator for life" Concemover his growing power led to his assassination. In time, Augustusbecameemperorputting an end to the Republic Describe the government of the Roman Republic. Think about: -The LegislativeBranch - The ExecutiveBranch and the Consuls - The Judicial Branch Rome's governmenthad three branches Legislativebranchmadethe laws Made up of 300 Senators,upper-class Romans,and assembliesof Plebeians Executivebranchheadedby two elected consulswho carriedout the laws Consulsservedfor one year They commandedthe Roman armiesand had power to veto or overrule eachother The Judicial branchinterpretedthe laws Eightjudges servedfor one year They governedRome's provinces How did the lives of the wealthy Romans differ from the lives of the poor Romans? Think about: - Eachgroup'sliving conditions - What eachgroup typically ate - The daily life of the Romansin eachgroup At the height of the Roman empire Rome had about one million residents Many of the peoplewere poor and live in the city in tenements Their homeshad no running water or toilets 'Ihey ate mainly bread,olives, and fruit They often went hungry Many were unemployed On the other hand,wealthy Romanslived in large comfortablehomesin the countryside Their diet consistedof fine foods like dates. oysters,and ham. Peopleof both classeswent to the bathsto socializeand get clean They also attendedchariot racesand watched the gladiators fight to take their minds off the troublesof the times and to be entertained