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Download Global Atlas of Avian Mitochondrial Diversity Opens Research Vistas
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All Birds Barcoding Initiative: Global Atlas of Avian Mitochondrial Diversity Opens Research Vistas Mark Y. Stoeckle, Rockefeller University Allan J. Baker, Royal Ontario Museum Cameron Coffran, Rockefeller University Kevin C.R. Kerr, Royal Ontario Museum Pablo Tubaro, Museo Argentino Dario Lijtmaer, Museo Argentino Jan T. Lifjeld, University of Oslo Per Ericson, Swedish Museum ABBI public: 13,000 records, 3,000 species • Includes first rapid-release, largest museum-based survey—NMNH 3,000 records, 1,400 species ABBI private: 12,000/1,000 Collection locations for avian barcode records with GPS coordinates (BOLD) Avian barcode library is a research tool • What can we do with it? Woodpecker Finch (Camarhynchus pallidus) dislodging grub with stick, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador Large-Scale Patterns in Biodiversity Klee diagram--heat map of a matrix • Indicator vector correlations, similar to distances • Scalable to large sets of sequences Sirovich et al, PLoS ONE 2009, 2010 http://phe.rockefeller.edu/barcode/klee.php Large-Scale Patterns in Biodiversity Klee discontinuities mark species boundaries Family Gaviidae—Loons (5/5 world species) (31 barcodes, ordered by NJ) Large-Scale Patterns in Biodiversity Klee discontinuities mark taxonomic divisions • Suggests higher-level taxa are objective entities 9,500 barcodes, 2,800 species Large-Scale Patterns in Biodiversity Klee discontinuities occur at multiple scales • Suggests similar processes shape species, higher taxa within class family genus species COI Nucleotide and Protein Evolution Nucleotide variability shows long-tailed distribution • Suggests mathematical pattern in evolution 9,500 sequences; 2,800 species COI Nucleotide and Protein Evolution Amino acid variability long-tail pattern similar to nt • Variable sites appear not related to 2o structure 9,500 sequences; 2,800 species COI amino acid variability Kerr Mol Ecol Res 2011 COI Nucleotide and Protein Evolution “Highly variable” positions highly constrained • Variation follows taxonomic groups • Suggests compensatory changes at other sites Population Biology Among animals, birds have best life history data • Puzzle: what determines intraspecific variation? Barcode Library = Research Opportunities • Early bird gets the worm! photo NoA<<I Zia Lee Acknowledgments Population Biology: Beyond Simple Indices • Shared variants usually geographic, hybrid clusters • Singleton variants evenly distributed, may reflect incomplete sampling, data errors, or rare variants 214 species in 8 families, 4-79 individuals/species MAXIMUM intraspecific distance (nucleotides) Population Biology: Beyond Simple Indices Variants differ in predicted amino acid changes • Suggests multiple processes contribute to diversity COI Nucleotide and Protein Evolution • Few amino acid differences, other than the few highly variable sites • Pseudogenes are outliers * There is more to be learned! (2300 barcodes, 700 species) Multiple clusters that differ by geographic range • Likely reproductively isolated populations • Are candidate species Multiple clusters shared among species • Likely hybridization (not ancestral polymorphisms) These are the times that Multiple clusters NOT geographic, hybrid • Likely mixing of previously isolated populations • Similar to hybridization Barcoding 101: What are exceptions to 1 species = 1 cluster? • Taxonomy is changing—many species have been or will be redefined
