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Plate Tectonics Notes Chapters 5 & 6 Notes (page 3) Defining Mountains –A landform is any physical feature on Earth’s solid surface –Elevation is the height of land above or below sea level Mountain Systems –A group of mountains that share the same shape are called a Mt. Range –Mt. St. Helens is a volcano in the Cascade Mt. range Mountain Development –Young Mts.-sharp, jagged peaks with steep slopes –Mature Mts. – rounded peaks with less sloped peaks –Old Mts. – almost flat with no jagged peaks, rolling hills and large valleys Notes page 7 Volcanism –Any movement of magma inside the Earth –The opening from which lava flows through is called a vent Craters and Calderas –The deep pit at the top of a volcano is a crater –A vent that collapses is called a caldera The Story of Paricutin –A volcano in Mexico that formed in 1943 Notes page 9 Tremors and Shakes –An earthquake is a sudden, strong movement of Earth’s crust Focus and Epicenter –The place on Earth’s surface that is directly above the focus is called the Epicenter –Shakes the Hardest at the Epicenter Causes of Earthquakes –Earthquakes are associated with faulting –Rocks Slip and release energy to form waves –The waves are called seismic waves Measuring Earthquakes –A seismograph is an instrument that detects and measures earthquakes Zones of Activity •There are three major zones of volcanic and earthquake activity on Earth: NOTES page 13 –the Ring of Fire – the Mid-Atlantic Ridge –Eurasian-Melanesian belt Ring of Fire •Forms a circle around the Pacific Ocean Mid-Atlantic Ridge •Long chain of underwater volcanic mountain chain •Iceland is a part of this chain that sticks out of the water Eurasian-Melanesian Belt •Earthquake belt in Europe and Asia formed from colliding plates Notes page 24 Tectonic Plates Lithosphere makes up Earth’s crust Lithosphere broken into large pieces called Tectonic plates 7 large plates and about 14 small Floating Plates Plates float on the athenosphere Theory of Plate Tectonics Earth’s lithospehre is broken into plates that float on the upper mantle Notes page 27 Convection Currents •A convection current is the movement of a gas or a liquid caused by differences in temperature and density Inside the Mantle •Scientists think that giant convection currents in Earth’s supper mantle cause the tectonic plates to move Plate Boundaries and Movements Notes page 30 Earthquakes • Earthquakes often occur where two tectonic plates slide past each other. Mountain Building • When tectonic plates collide, sometimes the crust crumples up to form mountains. Volcanoes • Volcanoes often form near subduction zones because of the melting that occurs as the plate is forced down into the hotter mantle. Islands • Some islands are formed when tectonic plates move over hot spots.