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Physical Science Learning Standards: Semester 1
Learning Standard #1: I will learn to observe, collect data, and analyze data to
solve problems
(Chapters 1, throughout year)
Targets: Ch 1 Introduction to Matter (and continued throughout year)
Learning Strategies
I will:
1. Learn to identify and describe the skills scientists use in their work.
2. Learn to explain how scientific hypotheses can be tested.
3. Learn to state why safety rules in the laboratory are important.
4. Learn to distinguish among a scientific hypothesis, theory, and law.
Learning Standard #2: I will learn about properties and principles of matter.
Learning Standard #3: I will predict properties of elements and outcomes of
chemical reactions using the periodic table.
(Chapters 2-8)
Targets: Ch 2 Solids, Liquids, Gases
Learning Strategies
I will:
1. Learn about properties and principles of matter.
2. Learn to explain that a substance can be identified by its properties.
3. Learn to explain why elements are called the building blocks of matter.
4. Learn to distinguish between chemical and physical changes.
5. Learn to explain the difference between weight and mass.
6. Learn to calculate the density of substances using SI units for mass and volume.
7. Learn to identify atoms as the smallest particles of an element.
8. Learn to describe Dalton’s theory of atoms.
9. Learn to explain that chemical bonds are what hold atoms together in
molecules.
10. Learn to define and differentiate solids, liquids, and gases in terms of shape
and volume.
Targets: Ch 3 Atoms and the Periodic Table
Learning Strategies
I will:
1. Learn to compare the particle motion in solids, liquids, and gases.
2. Learn to define the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas and state
Boyle’s Law.
3. Learn to define the relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas.
4. Learn to define the relationship between volume and temperature of a gas and
state Charles’s Law.
5. Learn to construct and interpret graphs for Charles’s and Boyle’s laws.
6. Learn to explain that thermal energy always flows from a warmer substance to
a cooler substance.
7. Learn to identify examples of changes in state, and explain how thermal energy
is involved in each example.
Targets Ch 4 Chemical Bonding
Learning Strategies
I will:
1. Explain the differences between and atom and ion.
2. Describe how an ionic bond forms.
3. Identify the properties of ionic compounds.
4. Describe how a covalent bond forms.
5. Identify the properties of molecular (covalent) compounds.
6. Distinguish between polar and non-polar covalent compounds.
Targets: Ch 5 Chemical Reactions
Learning Strategies
I will:
1. Understand that chemical reactions create new products with completely
different properties from the reactants.
2. Compare endothermic and exothermic reactions.
3. Explain how chemical bonds are changed during a chemical reaction.
4. Be able to read, understand, and balance chemical reactions.
5. Learn the principle of conservation of mass.
6. Learn synthesis, decomposition, and replacement chemical reactions.
7. Learn chemical reactions require activation energy to start the reaction and
catalyst can lower this energy without affecting the outcome of the reaction.
8. Learn the affects of concentration, surface area, temperature, and catalysts on
chemical reactions.
Targets: Ch 6 Acids, Bases, and Solutions
Learning Strategies
I will:
1. Compare and contrast solutions, suspensions, and colloids.
2. Describe how solute, solvent, and solution are related.
3. Learn how solutes affect the boiling and freezing points of solvents.
4. Learn the properties of acids and bases and be able to use a pH chart to classify a
substance as an acid or base.
5. Learn an acid plus a base is a neutralization reaction and I will be able to write a
chemical equation that represents a neutralization reaction.
6. Learn that ions dissociate when acids and bases are dissolved in water.
7. Learn factors that affect the solubility of a solute.
Targets: Ch 7: Carbon Chemistry
Learning Strategies
I will:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Explain how carbon can form bonds in many different arrangements
List and compare the different forms of pure carbon
Identify the properties of organic compounds.
Define hydrocarbons and describe the kinds of carbon chains.
Define and name examples of substituted hydrocarbons.
Targets: Ch 8: Exploring Materials – Radioactive elements
Learning Strategies
I will:
1. Describe radioactive decay and the emissions produced during decay.
2. Explain why half-life is a useful property of radioactive isotopes.
3. Identify uses and dangers of radioactive isotopes.
4. Explain isotopes in terms of mass numbers.
Learning Standard #4: The student will investigate the laws of force and motion.
(Chapters 9-11)
Targets: Ch 9: Motion
Learning Strategies
I will:
1. Explain when an object is in motion and how motion is relative to a reference
point.
2. Calculate an object's speed and velocity using SI units of distance
3. Graph motion showing changes in distance as a function of time.
4. Explain the slow movement of Earth’s plates and calculate their speed.
5. Describe what happens to the motion of an object as it accelerates.
6. Calculate acceleration of an object and graph changing speed and distance of an
acceleration object.
Targets: Ch 10: Forces
Learning Strategies
I will:
1. Explain how balanced and unbalanced forces are related to motion
2. State Newton's first law of motion and define inertia.
3. State Newton's second law of motion and explain how force and mass are related
to acceleration.
4. Describe friction and identify the factors that determine the friction force
between two surfaces.
5. Describe the effects of gravity and air resistance on an object in free fall.
6. Explain how mass differs from weight
7. State the law of universal gravitation
8. State Newton's third law of motion.
9. Define and calculate momentum and state the law of conservation of momentum.
10. Describe the forces that keep a satellite in orbit.
Targets: Ch 11: Forces in Fluids
Learning Strategies
I will:
1. Define and calculate pressure
2. Identify and explain examples of balanced pressures
3. State how pressure changes with altitude and depth
4. State Pascal's principle and recognize applications of the principle
5. Explain how a hydraulic device can multiply force
6. Define the buoyant force and its effect
7. Explain how the density of an object determines whether it floats or sinks
8. State Bernoulli's principle