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TribalSummitReport:November9-10,2016 NativeWatersonAridLands(NWAL;http://nativewaters-aridlands.com)seekstoenhanceclimate resiliencyoftribalcommunitiesoftheGreatBasinandAmericanSouthwestbybuildingthecapacityto developandimplementreservation-wideplans,policiesandpracticesinsupportofsustainable agricultureandwatermanagement.Duringthecourseofthisfive-year(2015-2020)project,researchers, extensionexpertsandmembersoftribalcommunitiesmeetannuallyataTribalSummittoshare informationrelatedtoclimatechange,climateadaptation,agriculture,waterresources,andother topics.ThefollowingreportdescribeshighlightsofthesecondannualTribalSummit,whichwasheldon November9-10,2016attheSouthPointHotelCasinoinLasVegas,Nevada. Speakersatthisyear’sSummitincludedrepresentativesfromtheAguaCalienteBandofCahullaIndians, UteIndianTribe,GilaRiverIndianCommunity,YeringtonPaiuteTribe,PyramidLakePaiuteTribe,Duck ValleyShoshone-PaiuteTribe,JicarillaApacheTribe,ColoradoRiverIndianTribes,HopiTribe,White MountainApacheNation,PuebloofZuni,NavajoNation,theSaltRiverMaricopaIndianCommunity,and theCheyenneRiverSioux.OtherspeakerscamefromagenciesanduniversitiesincludingtheU.S. GeologicalSurvey(USGS),BureauofIndianAffairs(BIA),theInstituteforTribalEnvironmental Professionals(ITEP),NativeAmericanRightsFund(NARF),FirstAmericansLandGrantConsortium (FALCON),SalishKootenaiCollege,theUniversityofArizona,theUniversityofNevada,RenoandOhio University.SummitattendeescamefromcommunitiesandreservationslocatedacrossArizona,Nevada, Colorado,California,NewMexico,Utah,SouthDakota,Montana,Wisconsin,Georgia,andOhiotoshare intwodaysofworkshopsandtalks.Morethan100peoplewereinattendance. Wednesday,November9(DayOne) PreconferenceBreakoutSession:BIAClimateProgram,TrainingOpportunitiesandTribal ClimateResilienceExamplesinAridEnvironments OnthefirstdayoftheTribalSummit,apreconferenceworkshopintroducedattendeestotherange climateplanningandadaptationresourcesthatareavailabletotribes,includingclimateprojections, programs,trainings,andotheropportunities. NWALteammemberMichaelDettingerpresentedclimate changeprojectionsfortemperatureandprecipitationfornineIndianreservationsintheGreatBasinand SouthwesternUS(ColoradoRiver,DuckValley,GilaRiver,Hopi,NavajoNation,PyramidLakePaiute, UintahandOuray,WalkerLake,andZunireservations).Hisprojections,whichareconstructedusing15 climatemodelsandtwoemissionsscenarios,extendthroughtheyear2100andshowincreasesin temperatureatallninereservations,changesinprecipitationthatvarybylocation(wetterinnorthern locations/drierinsouthernlocations),andincreasesinprecipitationextremes(floodsanddroughts). 1 JohnMosleyandJoeJojolafromtheBureauofIndianAffairs(BIA)presentedanoverviewofBIAclimate programs,andsharedexamplesofgrantsthathavebeengiventovarioustribesforuseinclimate changestudiesorclimateadaptationplanning.TheBIAoperatestheTribalClimateResilienceProgram (TCRP),whichprovidestribeswithfundingfortrainingsandadaptationprojects,technicalsupport,and youthengagementprograms.TheBIAalsoadministerstheTribalClimateResilienceResourceGuide,an onlinehubofinformationontrainings,funding,planningandotherresourcesthatareavailablefor tribesontheweb. NickiCooleyandKarenCozettofromtheInstituteforTribalEnvironmentalProfessionals(ITEP) discussedmethodsforcreatingclimatechangemitigationandadaptationplans.Theypresentedan overviewofITEP’sadaptationplanningprocess,andsharedresourcesthattribescanusetocreatetheir ownassessmentsandadaptationplans.Sessionattendeeswerethenaskedtosharetheirown experienceswithclimateplanningandadaptation. WEB RESOURCES ! ! ! ! ! BIATribalClimateResilienceProgram(TCRP):http://bia.gov/WhoWeAre/BIA/climatechange/ BIATribalClimateResilienceResourceGuidehttps://toolkit.climate.gov/tribal/ ITEPTribesandClimateChangewebsite:http://www7.nau.edu/itep/main/tcc/Home/ ITEPAdaptationPlanningToolkit:http://www7.nau.edu/itep/main/tcc/Resources/adaptation USClimateResilienceToolkit(NOAA):https://toolkit.climate.gov/#steps OpeningBlessing&TribalWaterRights The2016TribalSummitformallyopenedwithablessingfromClaytonHonyumptewaoftheHopiTribe, andanoverviewoftribalwaterrightsbyHeatherWhitemanRunsHim.WhitemanRunsHimisastaff attorneyfortheNativeAmericanRightsFundinBoulder,CO,anddiscussedfoundationalcasesintribal waterrights,approachesforquantifyingrights,emergingissues,andcasestudiesfromdifferent reservations.Inordertoplanforthefuture,tribesneedtoknowthatwaterwillbeavailable,said WhitemanRunsHim.Tribescanquantifytheirwaterrightsthroughadjudication/litigation,orthrough settlements,whichtendtobemoreflexible.Inadditiontoensuringwaterofsufficientquantitytomeet theneedsoftribes,waterqualityisalsoanissueofgreatimportance.WhitemanRunsHimbelievesthat theinternationaltrendtowardrecognizingahumanrighttocleandrinkingwatercanbeapowerful advocacytoolfortribesinthefuture. BreakoutSession1:GroundwaterandSurfaceWaterRelationshipsAffectingReservation Environments Thefirstbreakoutsession,ledbyNWALteammembersStaciEmmandVickiHebb,exploredhistorical andpresent-daychallengesrelatedtowaterrightsandwaterqualityontribalreservations.Some presentersdiscussedongoinglegaldisputesrelatedtogroundwaterandsurfacewaterrights,and methodsforquantifyingthoserights.Forothers,problemsrelatedtopollutionandchemical contaminationofwatersourceswereofmoreimmediateconcern. TomDavis,ChiefPlanningandDevelopmentOfficerfortheAguaCalienteBandofCahullaIndians(Palm Springs,CA)providedbackgroundonanongoingwaterrightsdisputeinwhichtheAguaCalientetribe wantstousetheirfederallyreservedwaterrightstoaccessandhelpmanagelocalgroundwater. 2 Althoughthetribeholdsfederallyreservedwaterrights,theserightshavenothistoricallybeenapplied togroundwater,andthetribehashadtobuywaterfromlocalwateragencies.BartPowaukee,Water QualityCoordinatorfortheUteIndianTribeinFortDuchesne,UT,spokeaboutwaterresourcesandoil andgasproductiononUtetriballands,includingpipelinesthatrunclosetorivercorridors.Drinking wateronthereservationcomesprimarilyfromgroundwater,andwaterqualitytestingshowspresence ofarsenic,uraniumandothercontaminants.GinnyHatch(EnvironmentalDirector)andDietrick McGinnis(Consultant)fromtheYeringtonPaiuteTribeinYerington,NValsospokeaboutgroundwater contaminationissues.InYerington,aplumefromthenearbyAnacondaMinepollutedthetribe’s groundwaterwithuranium,arsenic,seleniumandothercontaminants,creatingmanagementchallenges. BreakoutSession2:InvigoratingTribalEconomiesthroughInnovativeWaterResource Use Thesecondbreakoutsession,moderatedbyNWALteammembersLorettaSingletaryandBonnieColby, exploredwaysinwhichtribesarestrengtheningtheireconomiesthroughinnovativewaterresourceuse. SpeakersMervinWright(PyramidLakePaiuteTribe),ReggiePremo(DuckVallyShoshone-PaiuteTribe), WainwrightVelarde(JicarillaApacheTribe)andAmandaBererra(ColoradoRiverIndianTribes)provided examplesofinnovativewateruseontriballands,whichincludedfisheriesprojects,waterleases,and improvedwaterconveyance/deliverystructuresforagriculture.Onekeythemethatemergedfromthis sessionwasthatisimportantfortribestosecureandquantifytheirwaterrightsinordertoeffectively managewaterresourcestoinvigoratetribaleconomies. Thursday,November10(Day2) TribalCollegesandUniversities(TCU)ProgramsandInternships TheseconddayoftheTribalSummitbeganwithpresentationsfromVirgilDupuis(SalishKootenai College)andJohnPhillips(FALCON)aboutTribalCollegesandUniversities(TCU)programs,andan overviewoftheinternshipsandopportunitiesthatareavailabletostudentswhoareinterestedin hydrology,waterresources,rangemanagementandotherdisciplines. TribalCollegesandUniversitiesaretriballycharteredschoolsattendedprimarilybyNativeAmerican students,andgovernedbyaNativeAmericanBoardofRegents.Therearecurrently37TCUinstitutions intheUS,operatingin16states.Topareasofstudyincludenaturalresources,business,healthand wellness,andyouthdevelopment.OneopportunityavailabletostudentsistheNWAL/TCUinternship program,inwhichstudentsarepairedwithNWALresearchpartnerstodocollaborativeresearch.Salary supportandstipendsareavailableforfacultyandstudentsintheinternshipprogram. WEB RESOURCES ! TribalCollegesandUniversities(fromUSDepartmentofEducationwebsite): http://sites.ed.gov/whiaiane/tribes-tcus/tribal-colleges-and-universities/ ! FirstAmericansLand-GrantConsortium(FALCON): https://portalcentral.aihec.org/falcon/Pages/default.aspx 3 BreakoutSession3:TribalRangelandandLivestockConservationPractices Thethirdbreakoutsession,moderatedbyNWALteammembersTrentTeegerstromandMattLivingston, focusedonsuccesses,challenges,barriers,andsolutionsforsustainingandexpandingeconomically viableagriculturalproductionandranchingontriballands.PresentersJinwonSeo(DuckValley Shoshone-PaiuteTribe),CalvertCurley(BureauofIndianAffairs–NavajoRegion),RobinsonHonani (HopiTribe)andSistoHernandez(MountainApacheNation)discussedchallengesfacedontheir reservationssuchaslandtenureissues,rangelandhabitatdegradation,andfundingcuts.Todealwith thesechallenges,ranchersandlandmanagersareexploringsolutionssuchashabitatconservation measures,waterpipelines,livestockassociations,livestockinventories,impoundmentsforcapturing feralandescapedanimals,rangemanagementplans,atraditionalfisheriesrecoveryproject,andmore. BreakoutSession4:TraditionalKnowledgeandEcology Thefourthbreakoutsession,ledbyNWALteammembersBeverlyRamseyandKarlettaChief, exploredbestpracticesinNativeAmericanagricultureforclimateresiliencythatincorporatestraditional knowledge.ThePuebloFarmingProjectteamillustratedtheuseoftraditionalknowledgetoidentify idealfarmingsitesinsouthwesternColoradotogrowHopi-helddrought-resistantcorn,andare usingcomputeraidedre-constructedagriculturalindicestoincreaseclimateresiliency.TheBlackMesa WaterCoalitionexplainedthatclimateresiliencyinagriculturalpracticesisadecolonizedperspectiveto landmanagementthatemphasizesfoodsovereigntyandsupportingtheengagementofeldersand youthtopasstraditionalknowledge.TheZuniProjectdiscusseddecadesoldeffectiveriparian agriculturecenteredaroundthematriarchofagrandmotherandnetworkofextendedfamilyandthe forcingofethnocentricEuropeanpatriarchalvaluesofsingleunithomesandthattherevitalizationof traditionalagriculturalpracticesforclimateresiliencyisembeddedincultureandfamily.Finally,theSalt RiverPimaMaricopaIndianCommunityGardengaveabriefpresentationonancientDryFarming Practices,utilizedbytheHohokamincentralandsouthernArizona.Thepresentationhighlightedhow theyareusingtheirAncestorstechniquestoaddressmodernlandscapingandagriculturalneeds,by adaptingtraditionalknowledgetomakeitapplicablefortoday. WEB RESOURCES ! PuebloFarmingProject:http://www.crowcanyon.org/index.php/pueblo-farming-project ! BlackMesaWaterCoalition:http://www.blackmesawatercoalition.org/ ! SaltRiverPimaMaricopaIndianCommunityGarden: http://www.srpmic-nsn.gov/government/culturalresources/garden.asp DakotaAccessPipeline:SavingOurWaterforFutureGenerations InThursday’slunchtimetalk,ChairmanHaroldFrazieroftheCheyenneRiverSiouxTribe(EagleButte, SouthDakota)spokeaboutongoingoppositiontotheDakotaAccessPipelineattheStandingRock ReservationinNorthDakota,andthepotentialimpactstosacredgroundsandwaterresources. 4 SynthesisSession:KeyTakeaways AfinalsynthesissessionledbyNativeWatersteammemberDerekKauneckisofOhioUniversityasked participantstoshareinsightsregardingkeytakeawaysfromtheTribalSummit.Sevencommonneeds andthemesemerged. 1) Toplanforclimateresilienceinthefuture,itisimportanttoprotectresourcerights.Itisdifficultto planforthefuturewithoutknowingwhatwillbeyours.Typesofresourcerightsdiscussedduring thisconferenceincluded:TreatyRights;Waterrightsandquantification;Culturalresourcerights associatedwithwater,landandresources;Grazingrightsandwateruse;Righttoavoid harm/risk/pollution;Newrights–Intellectualpropertytoplantspeciesandculturalresources. 2) Tobetterconsolidateandshareresources,cross-tribecooperationandcoordinationareneeded. Forexample,tribescancooperateandcoordinatewhencollectingdataforclimatescenarios, ecologicaldataonlongtermsandshorttermchanges,hydrologicaldataonriverbasin systems/groundwater.Theycanalsocoordinateforgrant-writingsupport,workshopsonclimate planning,andeducationprogramdesign. 3) Thereisaneedforinnovationandnewwaysofdoingthings.Itissometimespossibletointegrate traditionalknowledgewithmoderntechnology,tofindoldwaysofdoingnewthings.Weshouldsee traditionalknowledgeaspartofthatcommonknowledgeheritageavailable,andprotectand nurtureitssurvival.ExamplesofinnovationdiscussedduringtheTribalSummitincludedwaysto usewaterresourcesdifferently,schedulingfisherieswaterallocations,tourism,boating,anduseof newirrigationtechnologies. 4) Traditionalknowledgeandmodernscientificknowledgepresentdifferentwaysofknowingthe world:howdoyoubestcombineandutilizetraditionalknowledgeandscientificdatainwaysthat areorientedtowardthefutureandknowledgeableandrespectfulofthepast? 5) Thereisaneedtolocalizebetterapplicationofsciencefortribalneeds.Weheardexceptional storiesofsuccessfulpartnershipsbuiltonREALpartnershipsandcollaborations. 6) Weneedtofindwaystorespecteachother,andcommunicateacrossprofessions,sciences, generations,anddifferentcommunities. 7) Involvingtheyouthisanimportantchallenge.Wemustdevelopnewwaystoimproveeducation towardrespectingdifferentwaysofknowingthenaturalworld,whilebeingeducatedinnewwaysin formalscientificdisciplines.Wemustlookfornewwaystoeducatethataremorerespectfulofour sharedhumanheritages. Closingblessing TheSummitclosedwithablessingfromRobinsonHonanioftheHopiTribe. 5