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CNIDARIA THOSE PESKY ANIMALS WITH STINGING CELLS!!! CNIDARIA MEANS “STINGING CELL” BASIC ORGANISM TYPES SEA ANEMONE HYDRA JELLYFISH CORAL 1. RADIAL SYMMETRY TENTACLES CENTRAL MOUTH AND STOMACH SURROUNDED BY TENTACLES PROVIDES FOOD & PROTECTION FROM ALL SIDES MOUTH 2. BODY HAS ONE OPENING • FOOD ENTERS THE MOUTH & IS DIGESTED IN THE STOMACH FOOD IN • WASTES ARE EXCRETED THROUGH THE MOUTH • GAMETES (SPERM/EGG) ARE RELEASED FROM THE MOUTH WASTES, GAMETES OUT 3. NERVE NET THERE IS NO BRAIN NERVES COVER THE BODY BUT CAN NOT TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BODY PARTS. anemone feeding - 45 sec 4. FEEDING BEHAVIOR • CNIDARIANS ARE PASSIVE CARNIVORES THEY DO NOT ACTIVELY HUNT! 4. FEEDING BEHAVIOR A. TENTACLES – SURROUND THE MOUTH AND ARE USED FOR PROTECTION & TO CATCH PREY B. CNIDOCYTES - COVER THE TENTACLES, THEY CONTAIN NEMATOCYSTS C. TRIGGER - RELEASE THE NEMATOCYST WHEN TOUCHED D. NEMATOCYSTS - STINGING THREADS A. TENTACLES D. NEMATOCYST C. TRIGGER B. CNIDOCYTE catching food – 2:12 5. TWO TISSUE LAYERS 1. EPIDERMIS – OUTER LAYER 2. GASTRODERMIS – STOMACH CAVITY MESOGLEA – JELLY-LIKE MATERIAL BETWEEN TISSUE LAYERS. **JELLYFISH HAVE A THICK LAYER TO HELP THEM FLOAT** POLYP CHARACTERISTICS 1. LOCOMOTION - STATIONARY 2. TENTACLES – EXTEND UPWARD 3. MOUTH – ON TOP OF BODY 4. MESOGLEA – VERY LITTLE 5. PEDAL DISK – FOR ATTACHMENT 6. EXAMPLES – HYDRA, CORAL, SEA ANEMONES RINGED ANEMONE RETRACTED ANEMONE sea anemone fight – 1:22 MEDUSA CHARACTERISTICS 1. LOCOMOTION – MOBILE/FLOAT 2. TENTACLES – HANG DOWNWARD 3. MOUTH – UNDERNEATH BODY 4. MESOGLEA – A LOT HELPS FLOAT 5. STATOCYSTS – SPECIAL CELLS FOR BALANCE 5. ORAL ARMS – TO HOLD PREY 6. EXAMPLES – JELLYFISH MOON JELLYFISH LION’S MANE JELLYFISH SEA WASP or BOX JELLYFISH jellyfish video – 4:38 REPRODUCTION OF CORALS CORAL REEFS ARE BUILT BY MILLIONS OF CORAL POLYPS OVER THOUSANDS OF YEARS EACH POLYP CREATES A “CUP” OF CALCIUM CARBONATE TO LIVE IN POLYPS ARE CONNECTED OLD SKELETONS “CUPS” ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION CORALS REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY BUDDING, THIS PROCESS HELPS A COLONY TO GROW SEXUAL REPRODUCTION CORALS REPRODUCE SEXUALLY ONCE A YEAR BY RELEASING GAMETES INTO THE WATER. THIS PRODUCES NEW COLONIES CORAL SPAWNING – 2:55 CORAL TYPES – 1:02 HARD CORALS REEF BUILDERS – USE CALCIUM FOR SKELETON EACH SPECIES HAS A UNIQUE COLONY & CUP DESIGN EXAMPLES: BRAIN, ELKHORN, STAR Day – polyps retracted BRANCHING CORAL Night – polyps feeding Day – polyps retracted BOULDER CORAL Night – polyps feeding BOULDER CORAL POLYPS LETTUCE CORAL ROSE CORAL FLOWER CORAL w/ ARROW CRAB SOFT CORALS SECRETE CALCIUM SPICULES IN A FLEXIBLE SUBSTANCE CALLED GORGONIN EX: SEA FANS, SEA WHIPS GIANT SEA WHIP DAN SEA PLUME PURPLE SEA FAN DEEP-SEA FAN FIRE CORALS & HYDRAS NOT TRUE CORALS THEY ARE HYDRA WHICH CREATE A HARD STRUCTURE FIRE CORAL STINGS RESULT IN EXTREMELY PAINFUL BURNS ON THE SKIN FERN HYDROID HERMIT CRAB WITH HYDRA PORTUGUESE MAN 0F WAR ACTUALLY A COLONY OF 4 TYPES OF POLYPS 1. create the float 2. make the tentacles 3. digests the food 4. perform reproduction MUTUALISM MUTUALISM BETWEEN CNIDARIANS AND OTHER ORGANISMS IS COMMON. EACH ORGANISM HELPS THE OTHER TO SURVIVE, LIKE BEST FRIENDS. symbiosis – 3:16 1. ANEMONES & JELLYFISH with FISH or SHRIMP BENEFIT FOR THE ANEMONE OR JELLYFISH: • PREY IS ATTRACTED TO OTHER ANIMAL • KEEP ANEMONE/JELLY CLEAN & HEALTHY BENEFIT FOR FISH OR SHRIMP: • GET PROTECTION & FOOD SCRAPS 2. SEA ANEMONE & HERMIT CRABS BENEFIT FOR ANEMONE • MOBILITY & EXTRA FOOD FROM CRAB BENEFIT FOR HERMIT CRAB • PROTECTION & CAMOUFLAGE Coral Bleaching video – click once to play 3. CORAL & ZOOXANTHELLAE ALGAE ALGAE CELLS LIVE IN THE TISSUES OF THESE ANIMALS. THEY PRODUCE FOOD (GLUCOSE) FOR THE CORAL THE CORAL PROVIDES A HOME CORAL BLEACHING DUE TO STRESS, CORALS EXPEL THE ALGAE FROM THEIR BODIES & TURN WHITE (ALGAE GAVE THEM COLOR). THEY WILL STARVE & DIE WITHOUT THE ALGAE. COMB JELLIES PHYLUM CTENOPHORA BASIC CHARACTERISTICS: • DO NOT HAVE STINGING CELLS • HAVE FUSED PLATES OF CILIA (LOOKS LIKE A “COMB”) • USE CILIA TO FILTER WATER • TENTACLES HAVE STICKY MUCUS TO CATCH FOOD • MANY CREATE LIGHT USING BIOLUMINESCENCE COMB JELLY VIDEO Up Close & Personal with a Sea Anemone TENTACLES – capture prey & carry food to the mouth STOMACH – cavity where digestion occurs BODY WALL – has muscles for contraction & expansion GONADS – produce sperm & egg cells for sexual reproduction MOUTH RING – expands & contracts to open & close around different food SEPTA – walls which secrete enzymes & absorb nutrients PEDAL DISK – muscular tissue for attachment to surface ACONTIA – filaments used for defense (sting) & digestion (produce enzymes)