Download Cnidaria Notes

CNIDARIA
THOSE PESKY
ANIMALS WITH
STINGING CELLS!!!
CNIDARIA MEANS “STINGING CELL”
BASIC ORGANISM TYPES
SEA ANEMONE
HYDRA
JELLYFISH
CORAL
1. RADIAL SYMMETRY
TENTACLES
CENTRAL MOUTH
AND STOMACH
SURROUNDED BY
TENTACLES
PROVIDES FOOD &
PROTECTION FROM
ALL SIDES
MOUTH
2. BODY HAS ONE OPENING
• FOOD ENTERS THE
MOUTH & IS DIGESTED
IN THE STOMACH
FOOD IN
• WASTES ARE EXCRETED
THROUGH THE MOUTH
• GAMETES (SPERM/EGG)
ARE RELEASED FROM THE
MOUTH
WASTES,
GAMETES
OUT
3. NERVE NET
THERE IS NO BRAIN
NERVES COVER
THE BODY BUT
CAN NOT TELL
THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN BODY
PARTS.
anemone feeding - 45 sec
4. FEEDING BEHAVIOR
• CNIDARIANS ARE
PASSIVE CARNIVORES
THEY DO NOT
ACTIVELY HUNT!
4. FEEDING BEHAVIOR
A. TENTACLES – SURROUND THE MOUTH AND
ARE USED FOR PROTECTION & TO CATCH PREY
B. CNIDOCYTES - COVER THE TENTACLES,
THEY CONTAIN NEMATOCYSTS
C. TRIGGER - RELEASE THE NEMATOCYST
WHEN TOUCHED
D. NEMATOCYSTS - STINGING THREADS
A. TENTACLES
D. NEMATOCYST
C. TRIGGER
B. CNIDOCYTE
catching food – 2:12
5. TWO TISSUE LAYERS
1. EPIDERMIS –
OUTER LAYER
2. GASTRODERMIS –
STOMACH CAVITY
MESOGLEA –
JELLY-LIKE MATERIAL BETWEEN
TISSUE LAYERS.
**JELLYFISH HAVE A THICK
LAYER TO HELP THEM FLOAT**
POLYP CHARACTERISTICS
1. LOCOMOTION - STATIONARY
2. TENTACLES – EXTEND UPWARD
3. MOUTH – ON TOP OF BODY
4. MESOGLEA – VERY LITTLE
5. PEDAL DISK – FOR ATTACHMENT
6. EXAMPLES – HYDRA, CORAL,
SEA ANEMONES
RINGED ANEMONE
RETRACTED ANEMONE
sea anemone fight – 1:22
MEDUSA CHARACTERISTICS
1. LOCOMOTION – MOBILE/FLOAT
2. TENTACLES – HANG DOWNWARD
3. MOUTH – UNDERNEATH BODY
4. MESOGLEA – A LOT HELPS FLOAT
5. STATOCYSTS – SPECIAL CELLS
FOR BALANCE
5. ORAL ARMS – TO HOLD PREY
6. EXAMPLES – JELLYFISH
MOON
JELLYFISH
LION’S MANE
JELLYFISH
SEA WASP or BOX JELLYFISH
jellyfish video – 4:38
REPRODUCTION OF CORALS
CORAL REEFS ARE BUILT BY MILLIONS OF
CORAL POLYPS OVER THOUSANDS OF YEARS
EACH POLYP CREATES A “CUP” OF
CALCIUM CARBONATE TO LIVE IN
POLYPS ARE
CONNECTED
OLD SKELETONS
“CUPS”
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
CORALS REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY BUDDING,
THIS PROCESS HELPS A COLONY TO GROW
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
CORALS REPRODUCE SEXUALLY ONCE A YEAR
BY RELEASING GAMETES INTO THE WATER.
THIS PRODUCES NEW COLONIES
CORAL SPAWNING – 2:55
CORAL TYPES – 1:02
HARD CORALS
REEF BUILDERS –
USE CALCIUM FOR SKELETON
EACH SPECIES HAS A UNIQUE
COLONY & CUP DESIGN
EXAMPLES:
BRAIN,
ELKHORN,
STAR
Day – polyps
retracted
BRANCHING
CORAL
Night – polyps
feeding
Day – polyps
retracted
BOULDER
CORAL
Night – polyps
feeding
BOULDER CORAL POLYPS
LETTUCE
CORAL
ROSE
CORAL
FLOWER CORAL w/ ARROW CRAB
SOFT CORALS
SECRETE CALCIUM SPICULES IN A FLEXIBLE
SUBSTANCE CALLED GORGONIN
EX: SEA FANS,
SEA WHIPS
GIANT SEA WHIP
DAN
SEA PLUME
PURPLE SEA FAN
DEEP-SEA FAN
FIRE CORALS & HYDRAS
NOT TRUE CORALS
THEY ARE HYDRA WHICH
CREATE A HARD STRUCTURE
FIRE CORAL STINGS RESULT IN EXTREMELY
PAINFUL BURNS ON THE SKIN
FERN HYDROID
HERMIT CRAB WITH HYDRA
PORTUGUESE MAN 0F WAR
ACTUALLY A COLONY
OF 4 TYPES OF POLYPS
1. create the float
2. make the tentacles
3. digests the food
4. perform reproduction
MUTUALISM
MUTUALISM BETWEEN CNIDARIANS AND
OTHER ORGANISMS IS COMMON.
EACH ORGANISM HELPS THE OTHER TO
SURVIVE, LIKE BEST FRIENDS.
symbiosis – 3:16
1. ANEMONES & JELLYFISH with FISH or SHRIMP
BENEFIT FOR THE ANEMONE OR JELLYFISH:
• PREY IS ATTRACTED TO OTHER ANIMAL
• KEEP ANEMONE/JELLY CLEAN & HEALTHY
BENEFIT FOR FISH OR SHRIMP:
• GET PROTECTION & FOOD SCRAPS
2. SEA ANEMONE & HERMIT CRABS
BENEFIT FOR ANEMONE • MOBILITY & EXTRA FOOD FROM CRAB
BENEFIT FOR HERMIT CRAB • PROTECTION & CAMOUFLAGE
Coral Bleaching video – click once to play
3. CORAL & ZOOXANTHELLAE ALGAE
ALGAE CELLS LIVE IN THE
TISSUES OF THESE ANIMALS.
THEY PRODUCE FOOD
(GLUCOSE) FOR THE CORAL
THE CORAL PROVIDES A HOME
CORAL BLEACHING
DUE TO STRESS, CORALS EXPEL THE ALGAE
FROM THEIR BODIES & TURN WHITE (ALGAE
GAVE THEM COLOR). THEY WILL STARVE &
DIE WITHOUT THE ALGAE.
COMB JELLIES
PHYLUM CTENOPHORA
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS:
• DO NOT HAVE STINGING CELLS
• HAVE FUSED PLATES OF CILIA
(LOOKS LIKE A “COMB”)
• USE CILIA TO FILTER WATER
• TENTACLES HAVE STICKY
MUCUS TO CATCH FOOD
• MANY CREATE LIGHT USING
BIOLUMINESCENCE
COMB JELLY
VIDEO
Up Close & Personal
with a
Sea
Anemone
TENTACLES –
capture prey & carry
food to the mouth
STOMACH –
cavity where
digestion occurs
BODY WALL –
has muscles for
contraction &
expansion
GONADS – produce
sperm & egg cells for
sexual reproduction
MOUTH RING –
expands & contracts
to open & close
around different food
SEPTA – walls which
secrete enzymes &
absorb nutrients
PEDAL DISK –
muscular tissue for
attachment to surface
ACONTIA –
filaments used for defense (sting) &
digestion (produce enzymes)