Download Dred Scott Decision - White Plains Public Schools

Union in Crisis
SWBAT
• Explain the role of compromise in
the preservation of the Union
Do Now
“I hold it to be a good…and it will
continue to prove so if not disturbed
by the …spirit of abolition” – John C.
Calhoun
• What does Calhoun support?
• What did southerners claim about
northern industry workers?
Compromise
• California Gold Rush
 California needs government to
bring order to chaos
 Petition to join union as a free
state
• Concerns over balance of nonslave/slave states in Congress
• South wants North to enforce Fugitive
Slave Law of 1793
Missouri Compromise
Compromise
• What did the Missouri Compromise establish?
• New compromise  Compromise 1850:
- Henry Clay’s Solution:
1. California is admitted as a free state (N)
2. People in New Mexico & Utah would
decide for themselves whether or not to
have slavery (popular sovereignty)
3. New, harsher, Fugitive Slave Act- all
citizens must assist in return of slaves who
escaped from their owners (S)
Compromise
- Popular Sovereignty- people are
the source of government & are
permitted to decide for themselves to
enter the Union as a free or slave state
Fugitive Slave Images
• From viewing and discussing the
following images, what can you
conclude about the consequences
for slaveholders, freed blacks,
fugitive slaves after the new Fugitive
Slave Act was passed?
Compromise
• How do you think the citizens of the
free states viewed the compromise?
- The Fugitive Slave Act angered
northerners b/c they felt they now
had to support slavery
- Some “fugitive slaves” were really
free blacks, kidnapped and sold into
slavery
Compromise
• Responses:
NORTH: Underground Railroad, “Uncle
Tom’s Cabin”
SOUTH: Wrote own version of
southern life, claimed only mentally
ill slaves ran away
• Underground Railroad and Fugitive Slave
Act
Fugitive Slave Act
• “[W]hen a person held to service or labor in any State or
Territory of the United States, (has) heretofore or shall
hereafter escape into another State or Territory of the United
States, the person or persons to whom such service or labor
may be due … may pursue and reclaim such fugitive person,
either by procuring a warrant from some one of the courts,
judges, or commissioners … for the apprehension of such
fugitive from service or labor, or by seizing and arresting such
fugitive…”
• QUESTION: Explain two ways the Fugitive Slave Act
of 1850 protected slave owners?
Compromise
• Conclusion: Compromise of 1850- Not effective:
1. North infuriated with Fugitive
Slave Act
2. Did not settle issue of
slavery in the Western territories
3. Doesn’t solve issue of slavery at
all!
Compromise
• New compromise  Kansas-Nebraska Act,
1854:
A. Overturned Missouri Compromise
B. Divided LA Purchase into 2 territories
(Kansas & Nebraska)
C. Allowed popular sovereignty to decide
slavery issue in Kansas & Nebraska
- meant to unite nation but caused further
division
*led to “Bleeding Kansas”- mini civil war
Knowledge Check
Before the Civil War, the principle of popular
sovereignty was proposed as a means of…
A. allowing states to secede from the Union
B. permitting voters to nullify federal laws
C. deciding the legalization of slavery in a new
state
D. overturning unpopular decisions of the
Supreme Court
Wrap Up
• How did the Compromise of 1850
appease both the North and the
South at the time?
Slavery and the Making of America
• Slavery and the Making of America:
The Challenge of Freedom
• Slavery and the Making of America:
Seeds of Destruction
• See Handout- 1 Page Response Due
Thursday 
**Take notes on back of handout**
1850s Political Parties &
the Dred Scott Decision
SWBAT
• Analyze Supreme Court ruling of
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Do Now:
• What are the 2 most popular
political parties in the US today? Can
you name a third?
Political Parties of the 1850s
• Democratic Party (1800-present)
- opposed strong central government
- divided over slavery in the 1850s
• Whig Party (1834-1852)
- favored economic development
- opposed Andrew Jackson
- antislavery members left in 1850s
Political Parties of the 1850s
• “Know-Nothings”
(1843-1856)
- opposed to
immigration
- joined by
antislavery Whigs
- took pro-slavery
platform in 1856
Political Parties of the 1850s
• Free-Soil Party (1847-1854)
- worked to prevent slavery
in the west
- formed by antislavery
Democrats & antislavery
Whigs
- absorbed into new
Republican Party
Political Parties of the 1850s
• Republican Party (1854present)
- opposed to slavery
- opposed to KansasNebraska Act
- absorbed the Free-Soil Party
Rise of New Republican Party
• Grew rapidly in the North
• Called for a repeal of the Kan.-Neb.
Act & Fugitive Slave Law
• “OK” with slavery continuing as long
as it was confined to the old slave
states
• Lincoln runs for President in 1860 as
a Republican
Dred Scott Decision
• With sectionalism
tensions running high,
Dred Scott, a slave,
sued for his freedom
b/c he was taken to a
free state, lived on free
soil for 4 years where
slavery was banned
Dred Scott Decision
• Read the case: Dred Scott v. Sandford,
1857
• Answer the questions that follow with
a partner
Dred Scott Decision
• Abolitionists and Northerners
believed the “Slave Power”
infiltrated the Supreme Court
 Strengthening Southern
power in government
• Missouri Compromise nullified
• Declared slaves were property
• Strengthened opposition to
slavery in the North
• Many felt it settled the issue of
slavery once and for all
Wrap Up
• Did the Dred Scott v. Sandford Case
make the Civil War inevitable?
Explain your answer.
• Why might Fredrick Douglass felt
that the decision might end slavery
sooner? What do you think other
reactions to the case might have
been?
Lincoln-Douglas
Debates
SWBAT
• Compare positions of Lincoln &
Douglas on issue of slavery
Do Now:
• List 5 things that come to mind
when you hear “Abraham
Lincoln”
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• 1858- Lincoln & Douglas held 7 debates
while competing for a Senate seat
• Abraham Lincoln
1. 1858-Abraham Lincoln, a
Republican, challenged Democrat
Stephen Douglas for a seat in Senate
2. “Honest Abe” was self-taught
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
3. Believed slavery was morally,
socially, & politically wrong. African
Americans should have same rights
contained in Declaration of
Independence
“Life, Liberty, Pursuit of
Happiness”
4. Opposed to slavery in all territories
5. Was not an abolitionist
6. Opposed the Dred Scott decision
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• Stephen Douglas
1. Wanted to settle the slavery issue
with popular sovereignty
2. Supported the Dred Scott Decision
“This Union was established on the
right of each State to do as it pleased
on the question of slavery, and every
other question” – Steven Douglas, 1858
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• Read the summary of the debates
& answer the questions that follow
John Brown’s Raid
• Harpers Ferry, VA, October 1859
John Brown’s Raid
• Believed time had come to liberate slaves
• Led a group of men to rob a federal
armory in Harpers Ferry, VA
• Hoped to arm slaves with ammunition &
encourage a slave rebellion
• PROBLEM! No slaves show up!
 Brown is arrested & killed
• Hailed as a martyr by the North & hated
by the South
Wrap Up
• Why do you
think
abolitionists
chose to
launch an
attack at
Harpers
Ferry?
Lincoln, Secession
& War
SWBAT
• Analyze why southern states
seceded from the Union
Do Now:
• How did Stephen Douglas feel the
issue of slavery should be
resolved?
Election of 1860
• Current Issues:
- John Brown’s Raid
- Dred Scott Decision
- Fugitive Slave Law
- How did each event effect how
those in the North and South felt?
Election of 1860
• Democratic Party split on issue of
slavery
- Southern Dems- supported
slavery in territories
- Northern Dems- supported
popular sovereignty
Election of 1860
Candidate
Abraham Lincoln
Stephen Douglas
John Breckenridge
John Bell
Platform
Slavery must not be allowed
in territories
Popular Sovereignty should
decide issue of slavery in
territories when they
become states
Fed Gov. must protect
slavery
Fed Gov. should support
slavery and also defend the
Union
Election of 1860
• Who’s who? Explain why?
Election of 1860
• Lincoln Wins!
• Why was Lincoln able
to win the 1860
Election without a
single electoral vote in
the South?
Election of 1860
Union Collapses
November 6, 1860: Lincoln Elected President
December 20, 1860: South Carolina secedes
January 9, 1861: Mississippi secedes
January 10, 1861: Florida secedes
January 11, 1861: Alabama secedes
January 19, 1861: Georgia secedes
January 26, 1861: Louisiana secedes
February 1, 1861: Texas secedes
March 4, 1861: Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated
• What can you conclude about
the 1860 election decision
from the information and
dates listed?
Union Collapses
• Southerners outraged that a Pres.
could gain office without a single
electoral vote from the south
 S. Carolina secedes right after
Lincoln is wins the election
 six other states soon follow
• The Confederate States of America
was established
Union Collapses
 Form a new constitution modeled
after US Constitution BUT stressed
independence of each state
Union Collapses
• Crittenden Compromise- called for a
division of the nation along the
Missouri Compromise line all the way
to California
• Would Republicans
pass this in
Congress? Explain.
 FAILED
COMPROMISE!
Civil War Begins
• Lincoln’s Inaugural Address:
- No intention of interfering with
slavery in states where it already
exists
- Did intend on preserving the
Union
- There would be no war unless
the South started it
Civil War Begins
• South seized federal forts & arsenals
within their border
• Only 4 remained in Union control
- Ft. Sumter- most important
Civil War Begins
• Lincoln had to resupply troops at Ft.
Sumter
• South suspicious he would also send
arms
• April 1861- Union refused to
surrender the fort to the South
 Confederates fired
 Civil War began
Civil War Begins
Civil War Begins
Wrap Up
• Why was the Crittenden
Compromise unacceptable to
Lincoln?
• How did the Union finally
collapse into a civil war?