Download Inheritance Study Sheet

Inheritance Study Sheet
Key Terms
• purebred
• cross-pollinating
• gene
• Mendelian Genetics
• F2 generation
• Punnett square
• sex-linked traits
• trisomy
• true-breeding
• complete dominance
Name
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hybrid
homozygous
dominant
probability
Principle of Segregation
monohybrid cross
polygenic
pedigree
autosomal chromosomes
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•
•
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•
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heterozygous
recessive
P generation
genotype
dihybrid cross
non-disjunction
inheritance
sex chromosomes
trait
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self-pollinating
allele
Blending Theory
F1 generation
phenotype
incomplete dominance
codominance
genetics
karyotype
Study Questions
1. Explain the relationship between genes, proteins and traits.
2. Compare and contrast and give examples of each of the following:
genes, alleles, traits, chromosomes
genotype, phenotype
dominant, recessive, codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, polygenic traits
homozygous, heterozygous, purebred, and hybrid genotypes
3. Use a Punnett square to predict the probability of gamete genotypes.
4. Use a Punnett square to predict the probability of genotypes and phenotypes of a cross between two parents.
5. Use a pedigree to find the genotypes of members of a family.
6. Use a pedigree and Punnett square to identify X-linked traits.
7. Explain how non-disjunction results in genetic diseases.
8. Explain how crossing-over affects linkage of genes.
9. Explain how the environment can influence genetic traits.
10. Explain the genetics of human Blood Type.
Biology.com Activities 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 12.2, 12.3
1. www.biology.com
2. Click on Biology book (left w/ iguana eye)
3. Click on Web Site
4. Login: bioyang, Password: tigers
5. Click on Biology book again
6. Click on assigned unit, then assigned section(s)
Website(s) to check out:
Early Ideas on Inheritance
1. What was the first theory of inheritance?
2. Who came up with the current ideas of inheritance?
3. Which organisms were used to study inheritance?
4. What were the phenotypes of the parental generation?
5. What were the phenotypes of the F1 generation?
6. What were the phenotypes of the F2 generation?
7. What was Mendel able to conclude?
Genes, Alleles, Genotypes, Phenotypes, and Gametes
8. What is the difference between genes and alleles?
9. If the gene is hair color, what are the possible alleles?
10. What are the two types of alleles?
11. How many alleles make up a genotype?
12. Where do these alleles come from in a genotype?
13. What are the two types of genotypes?
14. Give an example of a genotype.
15. Give an example of a phenotype.
16. How many alleles for each trait are found in a gamete?
17. What is the name of the principle that states this?
18. If a parent’s genotype is BbEe, what are the allele combinations in the 4 gametes that can be made?
19. If a parent’s genotype is Bb, what are the allele combinations in the 2 gametes that can be made?
Monohybrid vs. Dihybrid Cross
20. Which type of cross compares the offspring differing in one trait?
21. Which type of cross compares the offspring differing in two traits?
22. Which type of cross contains one allele in each gamete?
23. Which type of cross contains two alleles in each gamete?
24. Which type of cross would you use if you wanted to see the probability of your offspring having brown
hair and brown eyes?
25. Which type of cross would you use if you wanted to see the probability of your offspring having type O
blood?
26. How many possible phenotypes are shown in a monohybrid cross (assume complete dominance)?
27. How many possible phenotypes are shown in a dihybrid cross (assume complete dominance)?
Modes of Inheritance
28. Which mode of inheritance expresses only the dominant or recessive allele?
29. Which mode of inheritance partially expresses both alleles?
30. Which mode of inheritance fully expresses both alleles?
31. Which 2 modes of inheritance are shown by blood types?
32. Which mode of inheritance varies depending on whether the individual is male or female?
33. Which mode of inheritance contains a wide variety of phenotypes?
34. Which mode of inheritance only has 2 possible phenotypes?
35. Which mode of inheritance has 3 possible phenotypes?
Sex Determination
36. What is the genotype of a female?
37. What is the genotype of a male?
38. Which chromosome do the eggs carry?
39. Which chromosome do the sperm carry?
40. In humans, does the father or mother determine the sex of the baby?
Blood Types
41. Name the alleles involved in blood types.
42. What are the possible genotypes for type A blood?
43. What are the possible genotypes for type B blood?
44. What are the possible genotypes for type AB blood?
45. What are the possible genotypes for type O blood?
46. Which blood type expresses codominance?
47. Which blood types can type A give to?
48. Which blood types can type B give to?
49. Which blood types can type AB give to?
50. Which blood types can type O give to?
X-Linked Traits
51. If a trait is X-linked recessive, what genotype must a female be to express the trait? Male?
52. If a trait is X-linked dominant, what genotype must a female be to express the trait? Male?
53. Does a female carrier express an X-linked trait?
54. Does a male carrier express an X-linked trait?
**MAKE SURE YOU DO LOTS OF PUNNETT SQUARES AS PRACTICE TO HELP YOU STUDY FOR
THE TEST. THERE ARE MORE WORKSHEETS ON THE WEBSITE.
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Blending theory- parents DNA mixed in the offspring
Gregor Mendel
pea plants
tall, short
all tall
75% tall, 25% short
Blending does not occur; Parents pass an allele for each gene to the offspring, which remain separate
8. Genes are segments of DNA that code for a particular trait, while alleles are the different forms of that
gene.
9. brown, blonde
10. dominant, recessive
11. two
12. one from each parent
13. homozygous, heterozygous
14. TT, Tt, tt
15. tall, short
16. one
17. principle of segregation
18. BE, Be, bE, be
19. B, b
20. monohybrid
21. dihybrid
22. monohybrid
23. dihybrid
24. dihybrid
25. monohybrid
26. two
27. four
28. complete dominance
29. incomplete dominance
30. codominance
31. multiple alleles, codominance
32. X-linked traits
33. multigene traits
34. complete dominance
35. incomplete dominance
36. XX
37. XY
38. X
39. half the sperm carry X, half the sperm carry Y
40. father
41. IA, IB, i
42. IAIA, IAi
43. IBIB, IBi
44. IAIB
45. ii
46. AB
47. A, AB
48. B, AB
49. AB
50. A, B, AB, O
51. XcXc; XcY
52. XcXc or XcX; XcY
53. only if the trait is dominant
54. yes, whether the trait is dominant or recessive