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The History of Space Exploration Information Sheet
October 4, 1957
January 31, 1958
March 5, 1958
October 1, 1958
January 2, 1959
March 3, 1959
September 12, 1959
October 4, 1959
April 12, 1961
May 5, 1961
August 6, 1961
February 20, 1962
December 14, 1962
June 16, 1963
July 31, 1964
March 23, 1965
June 3, 1965
July 14, 1965
December 4, 1965
February 3, 1966
March 1, 1966
June 2, 1966
August 14, 1966
April 23, 1967
Sputnik 1 – The first artificial satellite sent into orbit around the Earth.
Launched by the U.S.S.R.
Explorer 1 – The first U.S. satellite is launched into orbit.
Explorer 2 – The second U.S. satellite is launched. The rocket
malfunctions and fails to reach orbit.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is established in
the U.S. It replaces the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics.
Luna 1 – the U.S.S.R. launches the first satellite to orbit the sun.
Pioneer 4 – It’s launched by the U.S. and designed to pass close to the
moon and establish a sustained orbit around the sun.
Luna 2 – Launched by the U.S.S.R. and designed to hit the moon on
September 13th. It carried the Soviet coat of arms and becomes the
first man-made object to impact another celestial object.
Luna 3- It’s launched by the U.S.S.R. - it orbited the moon and
photographed 70 percent of the moons far side.
Vostok 1- Launched by the U.S.S.R. and carried Cosmonaut Yuri
Gagarin around the Earth for one orbit. Gagarin is the first man in
space.
Freedom 7 – Project Mercury carries Alan B. Shepard into space. He
becomes the first U.S. Astronaut into space.
Vostok 2 – Launched by the U.S.S.R. – Carried Cosmonaut Gherman
Titov on the first day-long Soviet space flight.
Friendship 7 – Project Mercury carries John H. Glenn, Jr. and orbits
the Earth three times.
Mariner 2 – Launched by the U.S., it becomes the first planetary
spacecraft as it flies past Venus and orbits the sun.
Vostok 6 – It carries the first woman into space, Soviet Cosmonaut
Valentia Tershkova. She orbits the Earth 48 times.
Ranger 7 – Launched by the U.S. – sends the first close range pictures
of the moon.
Gemini 3 – Astronauts Virgil Grissom and John W. Young made 3
orbits around the Earth. This was the first manned Gemini flight.
Gemini 4 - Edward White II is the first astronaut to make a spacewalk.
Mariner 4 – U.S. planetary spacecraft sends first close-range images of
Mars.
Gemini 7 carries Frank Borman and James A. Lovell, Jr., around the
Earth 206 times.
Luna 9 – The first Soviet spacecraft to successfully land on the Moon.
Venera 3 – The first spacecraft to reach another planet. It landed on
Venus but failed to transmit any data.
Surveyor 1 – The first U.S. spacecraft to land on the Moon
Lunar Orbiter 1 – U.S. spacecraft is the first to take a photo of the
Earth from the moon.
Soyuz 1 – Launched from the Soviet Union carrying Vladimir Komarov.
On April 24 the spacecraft crashes, killing Komarov. He becomes the
first person to person to die during the exploration of space.
October 18, 1967
October 11, 1968
December 21, 1968
July 20, 1969
July 31, 1969
April 11, 1970
December 15, 1970
April 19, 1971
May 30, 1971
July 30, 1971
July 15, 1972
May 14, 1973
November 3, 1973
June 24, 1974
December 26, 1974
July 4, 1974
October 12, 1975
July 20, 1976
September 29, 1977
September 1, 1979
April 12, 1981
Venera 4 – Sends capsule through the atmosphere of Venus, sending
back information about its composition.
Apollo 7 – first manned Apollo mission with Walter M. Schirra, Donn
Eisele and Walter Cunningham. It orbited the Earth.
Apollo 8 – first Apollo to use the Saturn V rocket. Frank Borman,
James A. Lovell Jr., and William A. Anders orbited the moon 10 times
then returned safely.
Apollo 11 - Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, Jr. make the first
manned soft landing on the Moon. Armstrong is the first person to
walk on the moon. Michael Collins orbits the moon in the command
module.
Mariner 6 – U.S. planetary spacecraft sends back high resolution
images of the Martian surface
Apollo 13 – on their way to the moon, James A. Lovell Jr., John
Swigert, and Fred W. Haise Jr., have an oxygen tank explosion. Moon
landing is not accomplished but astronauts are able to return safely to
Earth.
Venera 7 – Soviet planetary spacecraft is the first to land on Venus
and transmit information. It transmitted for 23 minutes before being
destroyed by the extreme conditions on the planet.
Salyut 1 – The first Soviet space station is launched and remains in
orbit until May 28, 1973.
Mariner 9 – The first spacecraft to survey Mars from orbit.
Apollo 15 – Astronauts David Scott and James Irwin drive the first
lunar rover on the moon.
Pioneer 10 – U.S. deep space probe was the first man-made object to
travel through the asteroid belt.
Skylab Workshop is launched by the U.S. and maintained by three
crews.
Mariner 10 – U.S. spacecraft that flies by Venus and Mercury.
Salyut 3 – Soviet spacecraft was the first military space station. It
stays in orbit until January 1975.
Salyut 4 – The first Soviet civilian space station. It stays in orbit until
February 2, 1977.
Apollo 18 and Soyuz 19 doc and becomes the first international
spacecraft rendezvous in space.
Venera 9 and 10 – Soviet spacecraft sends pictures of the Venusian
surface to Earth.
Viking 1 – U.S. planetary spacecraft sends back pictures of the surface
of Mars.
Salyut 6 space station is launched with a crew of cosmonauts from
Poland, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Bulgaria, Hungary, Vietnam, Cuba,
Mongolia, and Romania
Pioneer 11 – flies within 13,000 miles of Saturn and takes the first
close-up images.
STS – 1 – The U.S. Space Shuttle program begins with Columbia.
June 19, 1981
May 13, 1982
April 4, 1983
June 19, 1983
January 1983
January 1986
January 28, 1986
March 1986
March 4, 1989
July 12, 1989
April 24, 1990
October 6, 1990
September 25, 1992
February 1994
March 22, 1995
December 7, 1995
February 17, 1996
January 12, 1997
February 10, 1997
July 4, 1997
August 7, 1997
October 15, 1997
June 2, 1998
July 3, 1998
The European Space Agency launches its third Ariane rocket.
Salyut 7 – Two Soviet Cosmonauts Anotoly Berezovoi and Valentin
Lebedev are the first to inhabit the Soviet space station.
STS -6 – The space shuttle Challenger lifts off for its first mission.
Crew – Paul Weitz, Karol Bobko, Donald Peterson, and Story Musgrove
STS – 7 – Challenger mission launches with the first American woman
in space – Sally K. Ride
Infrared Astronomical Satellite finds a dust ring around the star Vega
that turns out to be the formation of another solar system.
Voyager 2- flies past Uranus
STS -51 – The space shuttle Challenger explodes shortly after liftoff.
The crew consisted of Christa McAuliffe, Gregory Jarvis, Judy Resnik,
Francis Scobee, Ron McNair, Mike Smith, and Ellison Onizuka.
Spacecraft from the U.S.S.R, Japan, and western Europe fly by
Halley’s comet.
STS – 30 – The space shuttle Atlantis deploys the Magellan spacecraft.
Phobos 2 – Soviet planetary spacecraft orbits Mars and collects data
on its surface, atmosphere, and magnetic field.
STS – 31 – The space shuttle Discovery deploys the Edwin P. Hubble
Space Telescope (HST)
STS – 41 – The space shuttle Discovery launches the Ulysses
spacecraft which flies toward Jupiter to slingshot towards the sun to
collect solar data.
The U.S. launches the Mars Observer. All goes well until three days
before orbital insertion. All contact is lost on August 21, 1993.
STS – 60 – Russian Cosmonaut, Sergei Krikalev, is a crew member on
the space shuttle.
Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov returns to Earth after spending 438 days in
space setting a new record.
Galileo spacecraft arrives at Jupiter. It drops a probe into the
atmosphere and orbits for two years.
Discovery spacecraft is launched by NASA to study asteroids.
Space Shuttle Atlantis docks with the Russian spacecraft, Mir.
Russian Mir space station fire breaks out. The fire is quickly contained
before serious damage occurs.
Mars Pathfinder lands on Mars and begins taking images of the
Martian surface.
Mir space station has a near collision with an orbital satellite. The
satellite misses Mir by 500 meters.
Cassini/ Huygens spacecraft is launched to explore Saturn. The
mission is a joint project between the U.S. and the European Space
Agency.
Space Shuttle Discovery becomes the last shuttle to dock with Mir.
Nozomi probe to Mars. This is Japans first planetary mission and the
first launched by another country other than the U.S. or the U.S.S.R./
Russia.
October 29, 1998
November 20, 1998
February 20, 1999
May 27, 1999
November 19, 1999
December 19, 1999
January 9, 2001
March 23, 2001
September 22, 2001
February 12, 2001
April 21, 2001
February 1, 2003
October 15, 2003
January 3, 2004
June 21, 2004
January 14, 2005
January 15, 2006
March 6, 2009
December 8, 2010
John Glenn is aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery and becomes the
oldest human to go into space at age 77.
The first section of the International Space Station is launched aboard
a Russian rocket.
Soyuz TM29 lifts off for the last mission to the Mir space station.
Space Shuttle Discovery lifts off for the newly functional International
Space Station.
Shenzhou spacecraft is launched by China to test their first manned
space vehicle.
Space Shuttle Discovery launches to make the third update to the
Hubble Space Telescope (HST).
China sends a Shenshou spacecraft to Earth’s orbit. On board is a
monkey, a dog, and a rabbit.
The Mir space station falls to Earth and parts that do not burn up in
the atmosphere land in the Pacific Ocean.
Deep Space 1 launched by the U.S. flies by comet 19P/ Borrelly.
The NEAR (Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous) spacecraft is first to land
on an asteroid. It was not designed to land but NASA decided to do
this at the last minute in order to collect more data.
American businessman pays 20 million dollars to become the first
tourist on the International Space Station. The Russian space agency
transports him to and from the station.
The space shuttle Columbia burns up upon re-entry into Earth’s
atmosphere. The crew consisted of Rick D. Husband, William McCool,
Michael P. Anderson, David M. Brown, Kalpana Chowla, Laural Clark,
and Ilan Ramon.
Shenzhou 5 – First manned space mission from China. Yang Liwei
becomes the first person in space from the Chinese space program.
Spirit Rover lands on Mars and begins sending back images from the
Martian surface. The vehicle is one of several that will roll around the
surface going to different locations while collecting information.
SpaceShipOne - First private manned space flight funded by former
Microsoft Co-founder Paul Allen.
Huygens probe launched by the U.S. lands on Saturn’s largest moon
Titan and sends back images of the surface.
Stardust mission launched by the U.S. returns back the first samples
of particles from a comet Wild 2. It traveled 2.9 billion miles in its 6.5
year journey.
Kepler spacecraft is launched by the U.S with a mission to detect
planets outside of our solar system. As of 2015 over 1,000 planets
have been detected.
SpaceX become the first private space company to launch a spacecraft
into orbit and return it to the Earth.
Name: __________________________
The History of Space Exploration
1957 – 2010
Provide the appropriate information in the space provided.
Date
Mission/ Country
October 4, 1957
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is established in
the U.S. It replaces the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics.
October 4, 1959
Friendship 7 – Project Mercury carries John H. Glenn, Jr. and orbits
the Earth three times.
March 23, 1965
March 1, 1966
August 14, 1966
Apollo 8 – first Apollo to use the Saturn V rocket. Frank Borman,
James A. Lovell Jr., and William A. Anders orbited the moon 10 times
then returned safely.
July 20, 1969
July 31, 1969
Apollo 13 – on their way to the moon, James A. Lovell Jr., John
Swigert, and Fred W. Haise Jr., have an oxygen tank explosion. Moon
landing is not accomplished but astronauts return safely to Earth.
May 14, 1973
Apollo 18 and Soyuz 19 doc and becomes the first international
spacecraft rendezvous in space.
April 4, 1983
STS – 7 – Challenger mission launches with the first American woman
in space – Sally K. Ride
January 28, 1986
April 24, 1990
Mir space station fire breaks out. The fire is quickly contained before
serious damage occurs.
November 20, 1998
Space Shuttle Discovery lifts off for the newly functional International
Space Station.
November 19, 1999
The Mir space station falls to Earth and parts that do not burn up in
the atmosphere land in the Pacific Ocean.
American businessman pays 20 million dollars to become the first
tourist on the International Space Station. The Russian space agency
transports him to and from the station.
January 3, 2004
January 14, 2005
Kepler spacecraft is launched by the U.S with a mission to detect
planets outside of our solar system. As of 2015 over 1,000 planets
have been detected.
The History of Space Exploration Timeline Activity
Objective: Use the attached images and the information sheet to create a Timeline of
Space Exploration.
Supplies:
1.
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6.
The History of Space Exploration Information Sheet
Space Exploration Image Sheet
Scissors
Transparent Tape/ Glue
Two blank sheets of paper
Color pencils (optional)
Procedure:
1. Fold your blank sheets of paper in half – lengthwise.
2. Cut along the fold.
3. Tape/glue your sheets together.
4.
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6.
7.
8.
9.
Cut out the images on the image sheet.
Place them – in chronological order - on your timeline.
Write a description for each and include the date - use your information sheet.
Glue/ Tape the images down next to their description.
Decorate/ add color to your timeline (optional)
Place your name on the back of the timeline.
Note: Register Tape can be used in place of blank paper.
Space Exploration Timeline Image Sheet
Yuri Gagarin
Apollo 11 Astronauts - Neil Armstrong, Buzz
Aldren, and Michael Collins
Sally Ride
Sputnik 1
STS 31 Space Shuttle Discovery
Venera 7
Mars Spirit Rover
Kepler Spacecraft