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Weather
S4E3. Students will differentiate between the states of water and how they relate to the water
cycle and weather.
a. Demonstrate how water changes states from solid (ice) to liquid (water) to gas (water vapor/steam) and
changes from gas to liquid to solid.
b. Identify the temperatures at which water becomes a solid and at which water becomes a gas.
c. Investigate how clouds are formed.
d. Explain the water cycle (evaporation, condensation, and precipitation).
e. Investigate different forms of precipitation and sky conditions. (rain, snow, sleet, hail, clouds, and fog).
S4E4. Students will analyze weather charts/maps and collect weather data to predict weather
events and infer patterns and seasonal changes.
a. Identify weather instruments and explain how each is used in gathering weather data and making
forecasts (thermometer, rain gauge, barometer, wind vane, anemometer).
b. Using a weather map, identify the fronts, temperature, and precipitation and use the information to
interpret the weather conditions.
c. Use observations and records of weather conditions to predict weather patterns
throughout the year.
d. Differentiate between weather and climate.
S4E3 a & b
Changing states of matter
Solids, liquids, and gas oh my! Experiment
Mr. Parr's States of Matter
Identify the temperature a liquid
becomes a gas and a solid.
What temperature does water become a
gas?
What temperature does water become a
solid?
S4E3c
Clouds
Clouds form in air that is relatively high in
humidity (the air contains a lot of water
vapor). As warm air is forced up, it cools.
Some o the water vapor begins to
condense on dust and other particles in
the air. As more and more water
condenses, a cloud forms. A cloud is
basically dust and condensed water.
Clouds close passage
Cloud Song
Experiment with
Shaving Cream Clouds.
Water covers most of Earth’s surface. This
is why many people call Earth the water
planet. Most of Earth’s water is in oceans.
That water is salty. You can’t drink it. You
can’t use it to grow plants. People need
fresh water to drink, wash, and grow
plants.
Most of Earth’s freshwater is frozen. It is in
big sheets of ice called glaciers. Earth
does have some fresh water in rives and
lakes. There is even fresh water
underground. People pump it up to Earth’s
surface.
S4E3d
The Water Cycle
Water is always moving. It goes from
Earth’s surface into the air. Then it
comes back down again. This is called
the water cycle.
First, the sun warms Earth’s water. Some
water changes from a liquid to a gas.
This gas, called water vapor, moves up
into the air.
In the air, the water vapor cools. It changes back to
liquid water. In the clouds, water droplets join to
make larger drops. When the drops become
heavy enough, they fall back to Earth.
The drops may fall into an ocean, a lake, or a river.
They may soak into the ground. Or they may be
warmed by the sun and become water vapor
again.
HSP Water Cycle
Mr. Parr Water Cycle Song
Evaporation
Evaporation is what happens when a
liquid changes into a gas. Liquid water
evaporates. It changes to water vapor.
Water vapor is invisible. It mixes with
other gases in the air.
Water boils and becomes water vapor at
100 degrees C or 212 degrees F.
Condensation
Condensation is what happens when a
gas changes into a liquid. Water vapor
cools. It changes to a liquid. Water
droplets mix with bits of dust in the air.
This makes clouds. Very high clouds
may have tiny bits of ice because the
water drops froze.
Precipitation
The water that forms in clouds return to
Earth as precipitation. Precipitation is
water that falls from the atmosphere to
Earth’s surface.
Can you name the different forms of
precipitation and sky conditions?
Precipitation
The water that forms in clouds return to
Earth as precipitation. Precipitation is
water that falls from the atmosphere to
Earth’s surface.
Can you name the different forms of
precipitation and sky conditions?
Different forms of
precipitation and sky
conditions
Rain, snow, sleet, hail, clouds, and fog.
HSP Precipitation
Precipitation close passage and foldable.
Experiment
Water cycle in a bucket.
Observe and Infer (page 117)
S4E4a
EQ: How can I identify weather
instruments used to predict and measure
weather?
Meteorology is the study of weather. We
use many tools to forecast, or predict,
future weather.
The weather instruments are
thermometer, barometer, anemometer,
wind vane, and rain gauge
Thermometer
A thermometer is a
weather tool used to
measure the temperature.
Wind Vane
By observing wind vanes,
we can know the direction
of the wind. Knowing the
direction of the wind is an
important part in
predicting the weather.
Anemometer
Wind speed is an
important part of
weather.
An anemometer
is a weather tool
that measures
wind speed.
Barometer
Barometers are
important to
measuring air pressure.
Air pressure can help
you predict good or
bad weather.
Rain Gauge
A rain gauge is a
weather tool used to
collect rain.
Using measurements
on the side of the rain
gauge, you can see
how many inches it
rained.
Mr. Parr Weather Instruments Song
S4E4b
Weather Maps & Fronts
Weather maps show what the weather is
like at a certain time, such as right now.
Studying a weather maps helps scientists
make predictions about what the weather
will be like in the future. A prediction is a
guess about what will happen in the future.
Weather maps show temperature
and precipitation. They also show
other types of weather. When you
look at a weather map you will find a
key. The key tells you what each
symbol means.
A weather map shows the movement
of air masses. An air mass is a large
body of air with the same temperature
and humidity. Humidity is the amount
of water vapor in the air.
A front is where two air masses meet.
Blue triangles show a cold front.
Red half circles show a warm front.
The triangles and circles point in the
direction the front is moving.
A cold front forms where a cool air mass
moves under a warm air mass. The
warm air is pushed up quickly. It cools
and forms thick clouds. They bring heavy
rain or snow. Cold fronts move fast, so
the storms pass quickly.
A stationary front forms when two air
masses meet and stop moving. Clouds
and precipitation form at a stationary front.
A warm front forms where a warm air
mass moves over a cold air mass. The
warm air slowly sides up and over the cold
air. Stratus clouds form. They bring rain or
snow that can last for hours.
Mr. Parr Weather Front Song
Weather Forecasting
Weather maps also show air pressure.
When you look at weather maps, you
will also see circles with H’s or L’s inside
them. The H stands for high. The L
stands for low. A high is an area of high
air pressure. High pressure areas
usually bring fair weather. A low is an
area of low air pressure. Low pressure
areas usually bring storms.
Forecasting Weather
Meteorologists forecast weather. They use
measurements from tools on the ground.
They also use data from satellites in
space.
They may see small changes in
temperature and air pressure. But these
small changes can cause big changes
over time. This is why weather can not
be predicted to far into the future.
Weather Patterns & Climate
Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at
a certain time and place.
Weather in most places follows a pattern.
Weather changes from day to day. It may
generally be cool in the morning and warm in
the afternoon. It all depends on how much
sunlight you get. It also changes from season
to season. Many places have different
weather in winter, spring, summer, and fall.
Climate is the average weather of an
area over a long period of time. Climates
vary all over Earth. Some climates are
tropical. Tropical climates are warm, with
a lot of rain. Other climates are cold and
dry, such as areas near the North and
South Poles. Other climates are mild.
The temperatures are not too hot or too
cold, and they are not very wet or very
dry.
Seasonal Weather Patterns
As you know weather changes from
day to day. Similar patterns repeat
every year. In most places, winters
are colder than summers. That is
true in Georgia. Winter may not be as
cold this year as it was last year. But
you can predict that it will be colder in
December than in July.
Georgia’s weather is fairly mild.
Winters are cool, and there are cold
days. But the average temperature
in Atlanta in winter is well above
freezing. Summers in Georgia are
hot and spring and fall are mild.
Georgia gets lots of precipitation.
Most of it is rain. Snow falls at times.
You can make observations of Georgia’s
weather. An observation is information
gathered with your senses. You can
gather and study weather data. You can
also study data on past seasonal patterns.
Observations and measurements of
Georgia’s weather have been made and
recorded for many years. You can use
what you learn from these data to predict
the type of weather you will see in each
season.
For example, you might observe the
seasonal pattern that hurricanes
occur in late summer and early fall.
A hurricane is a large storm that
brings very strong winds and heavy
rain. You could use this pattern to
predict that there would more likely
be a hurricane in September than
January.
You might notice that the mountains
of Georgia sometimes have snow in
winter. You could expect to see snow
fall there in January, but you would
not expect to see it in July.
Daily Weather Changes
Weather changes with the season. It
also changes daily. The weather may
be cloudy one day, and bright and
sunny the next. One day may be hot,
and the next day may be much
cooler. These are the kinds of
changes weather forecasters predict.
The table below shows a weather forecast
for five days. To make predictions like
these for the next few days, meteorologist
use the most recent weather observations
and measurements. They also use what
they know about seasonal patterns.
Weather patterns in the U.S.
In the United States, weather usually
moves from west to east. Rain that forms
over the Pacific Ocean moves east over
California. Rainstorms that form over the
middle of the country often move to
Georgia and other east coast states within
a day or two. The daily changing weather
is due to the movement of air masses.
Georgia MOST often has hot summers. This statement describes Georgia’s
A.
B.
C.
D.
Climate.
Winds.
Currents.
Weather.
25. Which weather condition is LEAST LIKELY in August in Georgia?
A. Snow
B. Hurricane
C. Rain
D. High temperatures
S4E4c Observing and Record
Weather Conditions
Intro daily graphing of weather.