Download Ch. 7 Review Sheet w/ans

Chapter 7 – Review Topics
Electromagnetic Radation
• types (x-rays, gamma, visible etc.)
• c = 
Nature of Matter
• E = h
• quantization
• dual theory –
waves (diffraction)
particles (photoelectric effect)
• deBroglie, Planck, Einstein
Energy levels/transitions
• continuous/line spectra
• Lyman/Balmer/Paschen
• E = -2.178 x 10-18 J (1/n2)
• Bohr’s Model vs. Quantum Mechanical Model
Quantum Mechanical Model
• wave function/orbitals
• Heisenberg/Schrodinger/deBroglie
• quantum #’s
• electron configuration
• orbital notation
• order of filling - Aufbau/ Hund/ Pauli
• Hydrogen vs. polyelectronic atoms
Periodic Table
• organization – groups, element types etc.
• relation to electronic structure of atoms
• valence/ core electrons
• trends – ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radii, Zeff, shielding
• metallic properties
• element reactivity
• mp/bp
• metal properties
• flame tests
• reactions
AP Chem Ch. 7 Review Sheet
Atomic Structure & Periodicity
1. Consider the element cobalt
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Give the orbital diagram (beyond Ar) for Co and Co3+.
Give the quantum numbers for all the d electrons in the Co atom; In the Co3+ ion.
How many unpaired electrons are there in the Co atom? In the Co3+ ion?
How many p electrons are there in the Co atom? In the Co3+ ion?
There is a line in the cobalt spectrum at 345.35 nm. In what region of the spectrum
(ultraviolet, visible, or infrared) is this line found? What is the frequency of the line? What
is the energy difference between the two levels responsible for this line, in kilojoules per
mole?
2. Consider the element Strontium
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
What is the outer electron configuration of Sr?
Compare Sr to Ca and Rb in atomic radius and first ionization energy.
How does the Sr2+ ion compare in size to the Sr atom? To the Ba2+ ion?
As successive electrons are removed from the Sr atom, where does the largest jump in
ionization energy occur?
How does strontium compare to sulfur in electrical conductivity? Malleability? Luster?
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of strontium with oxygen; with water.
Give the formulas of strontium hydride; strontium nitride; strontium sulfide.
Electrolysis of strontium chloride gives strontium metal and chlorine gas. What mass of
the chloride must be electrolyzed to form one kilogram of strontium? One liter of Cl2 (g)
at STP?
ANSWERS:
1. a. 1s22s23s23p64s23d7; 1s22s23s23p64s23d7
b.
4s
3d
Co
() ()()( )( )( )
3+
Co
( ) ()( )( )( )( )
c. Co: 3,2,2,1/2; 3,2,2,-1/2; 3,2,1,1/2; 3,2,1,-1/2; 3,2,0,1/2; 3,2,-1,1/2; 3,2,-2,1/2 (other
combinations are possible) Co3+: 3,2,2,1/2; 3,2,2,-1/2; 3,2,1,1/2; 3,2,0,1/2; 3,2,-1,1/2; 3,2,2,1/2 (other combinations are possible)
d. 3;4
e. UV; 8.681 x 1014/s; 346.3 kJ/mol
f. 412 kJ
2. a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
5s2
Atomic Radius: Ca < K < Rb
AND
IE’s Rb<K<Ca
Sr2+ is smaller than either Sr or Ba2+
between the second and third ionization energies
better electrical conductor, more malleable, higher luster
2 Sr (s) + O2 (g) --> 2 SrO (s); Sr (s) + 2 H2O --> Sr2+ (aq) + 2 OH- (aq) + H2 (g)
SrH2; Sr3N2
1.809 kg; 7.08 gthis line, in kilojoules per mole?