Download Ch 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Atoms and Ions

Name___________________________ Ch 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Atoms and Ions Dalton’s Postulates 1. 2. 3. 4. •
Atom – •
Period___________ Law of constant composition (Law of definite proportions) – •
Law of conservation of mass/matter – •
Law of multiple proportions – Subatomic particles – o Proton o Neutron o Electron Thompson’s Cathode-­‐Ray Experiment Millikan oil-­‐drop experiment Henry Becquerel and Marie Curie– Rutherford Gold Foil experiment Modern View of Atomic Structure Name___________________________ Period___________ Atomic Number -­‐ Mass Number – Example problem: How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in (a) a 138Ba atom, (b) an atom of phosphorus-­‐31? Atomic Weight (average atomic weight) – Isotopes – Example problem: Three isotopes of silicon occur in nature: 28Si (92.23%), which has an atomic mass of 27.97693 amu; 29Si (4.68%), which has an atomic mass of 28.97649 amu; and 30Si (3.09%), which has an atomic mass of 29.97377 amu. Calculate the atomic weight of silicon. (show your work!) Periodic Table •
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Periods – Groups – o Alkali metals o Alkaline earth o Halogens o Noble gases Metalloids Metals Nonmetals Name___________________________ Period___________ Molecules and Ions How many atoms are in these formulas? • Example problem: How many carbons atoms? Oxygen atoms? Hydrogen atoms? a. C2H5COOCH3 b. Ca(ClO3)2 c. (NH4)2HPO4 Molecular formula – Empirical formula – •
Example problem: From the following list, find the groups of compounds that have the same empirical formula: C2H2, N2O4, C2H4, C6H6, NO2, C3H6, C4H8. Structural formula – Molecular Compounds – Ionic Compounds – Ions – •
Cations •
Anions •
Polyatomic ions (you need to have these memorized) •
Example problem: Predict the charge expected for the most stable ion of barium and for the most stable ion of oxygen. Example problem: Which of the following compounds would you expect to be ionic: N2O, Na2O, CaCl2, SF4? •
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Example problem: Which of the following compounds are molecular: CBr4, FeS, P4O6, PbF2? Example problem: Write the empirical formulas for the compounds formed by the following ions: a. Na+ and PO43-­‐ b. Zn+2 and SO42-­‐ c. Fe3+ and CO32-­‐ Name___________________________ Naming Compounds Rules to naming ionic compounds: 1.
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Example problem: Name the following compounds:
a. NH4Br
b. Cr2O3
c. Co(NO3)2
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Example problem: Give the chemical formula for:
a. Magnesium sulfate
b. Silver sulfide
c. Lead(II) nitrate
Rules to naming acids: 1.
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Example problem: Name the following acid: H2SO4
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Example problem: Give the chemical formula for: carbonic acid.
Rules to naming molecular compounds: 1.
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Example problem: Name the following compounds:
a. SO2
b. PCl5
c. N2O3
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Example problem: Give the chemical formula for:
a. Silicon tetrabromide
b. Disulfur dichloride
Period___________ Name___________________________ Organic compounds: Ch 25.2-­4 Hydrocarbon – Functional Groups – Alkane – Alkene – Alkyne – Aromatic – Memorize table 25.1 Rules to naming organic compounds: 1.
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Memorize table 25.4 The Mole: Ch 3.4 •
Mole – •
Avogadro’s number – •
Formula mass (amu) – •
Molar mass (g/mol) – o Example problem: Calculate the following quantities: a. Mass, in grams, of 1.73 mol CaH2 b. Moles of Mg(NO3)2 in 3.25 g of this substance c. Number of molecules in 0.245 mol CH3OH Period___________ Name___________________________ Period___________ d. Number of H atoms in 0.585 mol C4H10. o Example problem: How many neutrons are found in 0.010 nmol of the most common isotope of iron? o Example problem: A sample of the male sex hormone testosterone, C19H28O2, contains 3.08*1021 atoms of hydrogen. a. How many atoms of carbon does it contain? b. How many molecules of testosterone does it contain? c. How many moles of testosterone does it contain? d. What is the mass of this sample in grams?