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Country Profile
Kenya
Maternal, Newborn &
Child Survival
March 2012
Statistics and Monitoring Section / Policy and Practice
Kenya
DEMOGRAPHICS
Total population (000)
40,513
(2010)
Total under-five population (000)
6,664
(2010)
Births (000)
1,529
(2010)
85
(2010)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1000
live births)
Infant mortality rate (per 1000
live births)
Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000
live births)
Total under-five deaths (000)
Under-five mortality rate
Causes of under-five deaths
Deaths per 1000 live births
Globally more than one third of child deaths are attributable to under
nutrition
120
Causes of under-five deaths, 2008
99
Causes of neonatal deaths, 2008
100
55
HIV/AIDS
5%
85
(2010)
80
28
(2010)
122
(2010)
530
(2008)
488
(1999-
Diarrhoea
2%
Other
19%
Asphyxia
29%
Preterm
28%
Neonatal
26%
Tetanus
1%
60
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per
100,000 live births)
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per
100,000 live births)
Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in N)
Total maternal deaths (number)
38
(2008)
7,900
(2008)
Pneumonia
15%
40
Measles
1%
33
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Malaria
11%
Injuries
3%
MDG
Target
20
2015
Congenital
7%
Other
5%
Diarrhoea
20%
Infection
27%
WHO/CHERG 2010
Note: Figures may not add to 100% due to rounding.
Source: IGME 2011
INTERVENTION COVERAGE FOR MOTHERS, NEWBORNS AND CHILDREN
NUTRITION 4
7
Wasting prevalence (based on 2006 WHO
reference population, moderate and severe, %)
85
(2008- Introduction of solid, semi-solid or
(2008-
8
Low birthweight incidence (%)
Underweight prevalence
Stunting prevalence
Exclusive breastfeeding
Percent of children <5 years underweight for age
Percent of children <5 years with low height for age
Percent of infants <6 months exclusively breastfed
Based on 2006 WHO reference population
Based on 2006 WHO reference population
100
%
100
%
100
%
80
80
80
60
60
60
40
40
20
18
19
1998
DHS
2000
MICS
36
35
40
2003
DHS
32
23
16
17
0
1994
Other NS
41
36
40
20
(2008-
soft foods (6-9 months, %)
20
20
0
0
2008-2009
DHS
1994
Other NS
1998
DHS
2000
MICS
2003
DHS
2008-2009
DHS
1989
DHS
12
12
13
1993
DHS
1998
DHS
2003
DHS
2008-2009
DHS
CHILD HEALTH
Vitamin A supplementation
Pneumonia treatment
Immunization
Percent of children <5 years with suspected pneumonia taken
to appropriate health provider
Percent of children <5 years with suspected pneumonia
receiving antibiotics
Percent of children immunised against measles
Percent of children immunised with 3 doses DPT
Percent of children immunised with 3 doses of Hib
100
%
86
83
83
80
100
%
60
100
%
80
60
80
57
69
56
52
49
40
40
Percent of children 6-59 months receiving two doses of
vitamin A during calendar year
50
No Data
62
60
40
22
27
20
20
51
52
15
20
0
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
1993
DHS
2010
1998
DHS
2003
DHS
2008-2009
DHS
Source: WHO/UNICEF 2011
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: UNICEF 2011
Diarrhoeal disease treatment
Malaria treatment
Malaria prevention
Percent of children <5 years with diarrhoea receiving oral
rehydration therapy (ORS, recommended homemade fluids or
increased fluids), with continued feeding
Percent of febrile children <5 years using anti-malarials
Percent of children <5 years sleeping under ITNs
100
%
100
%
100
%
80
80
80
65
60
60
33
40
20
43
15
0
2000
MICS
2003
DHS
60
2008-2009
DHS
47
40
40
27
40
23
20
20
0
0
1998
DHS
2000
MICS
2003
DHS
2008-2009
DHS
3
5
2000
MICS
2003
DHS
2008-2009
DHS
Kenya
MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH
Proportion of women with low BMI
(2003)
12
(< 18.5 Kg/m2, %)
Causes of maternal deaths
Coverage along the continuum of care
Regional estimates for sub-Saharan Africa, 1997-2007
Demand for family planning satisfied (%)
60
(2008-
Total fertility rate
4.7
(2010)
Adolescent birth rate
106
(2004-
(births per 1000 woman aged 15-19 yr)
Antenatal visit for woman
47
(2008-
58
(2008-
Contraceptive
prevalence rate
Indirect
17%
Embolism
1%
Haemorrhage
34%
(4 or more visits, %)
Early initiation of breastfeeding
Abortion
9%
(within 1 hour of birth, %)
Institutional deliveries (%)
Postnatal visit for baby
43
(2008-
-
-
42
(2008-
(within 2 days, %)
92
Skilled attendant
at birth
44
Postnatal care
42
Exclusive
breastfeeding
Hypertension
19%
(within 2 days for home births, %)
Postnatal visit for mother
46
Antenatal visit
(1 or more)
Other direct
11%
Sepsis
9%
Source: WHO 2010
32
Measles
86
0
Note: Figures may not add to 100% due to rounding.
20
40
60
80
100 %
Source: DHS, MICS, Other NS
Antenatal care
Skilled attendant at delivery
Neonatal tetanus protection
Percent of women aged 15-49 years attended at least once by a
skilled health provider during pregnancy
Percent of live births attended by skilled health personnel
Percent of newborns protected against tetanus
95
100
%
92
92
88
76
80
100
%
100
%
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
0
1993
DHS
1998
DHS
2000
MICS
2003
DHS
60
50
45
44
44
42
Source:
40 WHO/UNICEF 2011
20
0
1989
DHS
2008-2009
DHS
78
1993
DHS
1998
DHS
2003
DHS
2008-2009
DHS
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Source: WHO/UNICEF 2011
HIV AND AIDS
EDUCATION
HIV prevalence among young
women (15-24 yrs,%)
4.1 [3.0 - 5.4]
HIV prevalence among young
men (15-24 yrs,%)
1.8 [1.3 - 2.4]
(2009)
-
-
-
-
-
-
83
(2009)
83
(2009)
84
(2009)
Women aged 20-24 years who were
married or in union by age 18 (%)
26
(2008-
Birth registration (%)
60
(2008-
Female genital mutilation/cutting (%)
27
(2008-
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
Survival to last grade of primary school
Percent of HIV+ pregnant women receiving ARVs for PMTCT
(total, admin data, %)
(2009)
Survival to last grade of primary school
(male, admin data, %)
HIV+ children receiving ART (%)
32 [22 - 59]
(2009)
100
%
Survival to last grade of primary school
80
Orphan school attendance ratio
0.95
69
(2003)
71
68
(female, admin data, %)
Primary school net enrolment ratio
60
(total, admin data, %)
40
Primary school net enrolment ratio
21
(male, admin data, %)
20
Source: MOH/UNAIDS/WHO
Primary school net enrolment ratio
0
2005
2008
2009
2010
(female, admin data, %)
Source: MOH/UNAIDS/WHO
CHILD PROTECTION
WATER AND SANITATION
Drinking water coverage
Sanitation coverage
Percent of population by type of drinking water source, 2010
Percent of population by type of sanitation facility, 2010
Piped onto premises
Other improved
100%
24
Unimproved
sources
4
14
80%
17
60%
40%
Surface water
Shared facility
100%
14
30
Unimproved facility
2
18
37
18
Open defecation
18
80%
27
60%
40%
40
29
48
27
21
40
45
20%
Improved facility
19
20%
32
32
32
Total
Urban
Rural
12
0%
0%
Total
Source: WHO/UNIEF JMP 2012
Urban
Rural
Source: WHO/UNIEF JMP 2012
DISPARITIES IN INTERVENTION COVERAGE 1
Gender
Residence
Wealth Quintile
Male
Female
Ratio of
Male to
Female
85
-
-
-
-
-
-
98
102
92
51
68
0.7
IGME 2011
8
-
-
-
7
8
0.9
8
8
8
7
7
0.9
DHS 2008-2009
16
17
15
1.1
10
17
0.6
25
17
16
10
9
0.4
DHS 2008-2009
35
37
33
1.1
26
37
0.7
44
39
34
29
25
0.6
DHS 2008-2009
7
8
6
1.4
5
7
0.8
11
6
6
5
4
0.3
DHS 2008-2009
32
27
38
0.7
24
33
0.7
42
29
24
31
28
0.7
DHS 2008-2009
85
87
83
1.1
94
83
1.1
68
98
89
79
95
1.4
DHS 2008-2009
98
-
-
-
98
98
1.0
97
97
98
97
98
1.0
DHS 2008-2009
Care seeking for pneumonia (%)
56
57
54
1.1
66
54
1.2
57
48
63
52
63
1.1
DHS 2008-2009
Antibiotic use for pneumonia (%)
50
48
51
0.9
47
50
0.9
48
57
62
42
38
0.8
DHS 2008-2009
43
43
42
1.0
44
42
1.1
49
35
41
43
41
0.8
DHS 2008-2009
47
46
47
1.0
62
44
1.4
38
42
49
51
58
1.5
DHS 2008-2009
23
-
-
-
26
23
1.1
21
24
30
18
23
1.1
DHS 2008-2009
92
-
-
-
96
90
1.1
84
93
93
93
96
1.1
DHS 2008-2009
47
-
-
-
60
44
1.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
DHS 2008-2009
44
-
-
-
75
37
2.0
20
31
42
53
81
4.0
DHS 2008-2009
58
57
59
1.0
54
59
0.9
58
59
56
60
57
1.0
DHS 2008-2009
Use of improved drinking water
sources (%)
59
-
-
-
82
52
1.6
35
48
55
71
93
2.6
Use of improved sanitation facilities (%)
32
-
-
-
32
32
1.0
10
23
37
64
88
8.5
96
96
97
1.0
99
96
1.0
89
97
97
98
100
1.1
DHS 2008-2009
74
72
75
1.0
81
72
1.1
58
75
75
79
78
1.3
DHS 2008-2009
Women aged 20-24 years who were
married or in union by age 18 (%)
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DHS 2008-2009
Birth registration (%)
60
61
59
1.0
76
57
1.3
48
54
59
66
80
1.7
DHS 2008-2009
Female genital mutilation/cutting (%)
27
-
-
-
17
31
0.5
40
31
29
26
15
0.4
DHS 2008-2009
Indicator
Total
Urban
Rural
Ratio of
Urban to
Rural
Poorest
Second
Middle
Fourth
Richest
Ratio of
Richest to
Poorest
Equity
chart2
Source
DEMOGRAPHICS3
Under-five mortalty rate (per 1,000 live
births)
NUTRITION 4
Low birth weight incidence (%)
Underweight prevalence (based on 2006
WHO reference population, %)
Stunting prevalence (based on 2006
WHO reference population, %)
Wasting prevalence (based on 2006
WHO reference population, %)
Exclusive breastfeeding (0-5 months, %)
Introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft
foods (6-9 months, %)
Household consuming adequately
iodized salt (15 ppm or more, %)
CHILD HEALTH
5
Diarrhoeal treatment - children receiving
ORT and continued feeding (%)
Malaria prevention - children sleeping
under ITNs (%)
Malaria treatment - febrile children
receiving antimalarial medicines (%)
MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH
Antenatal care coverage at least one
visit (%)
Antenatal care coverage (4 or more
visits, %)
Skilled attendant at delivery (%)
Early initiation of breastfeeding (%)
WATER AND SANITATION
6
2010
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP 2012)
2010
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP 2012)
EDUCATION
Survival rate to last grade of primary
school (survey data, %)
Primary school net attendance ratio
(survey data, %)
CHILD PROTECTION
Note: The format for this Country Profile has been adapted from the Countdown to 2015 report. Coverage data have been largely derived from national household surveys such as the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and
Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). For the majority of coverage indicators, UNICEF global databases were used. Other organizations such as the World Health Organization, UNAIDS, United Nations Population Fund,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Saving Newborn Lives also provided data. Details on indicators, data sources, and definitions of indicators, can be found at www.childinfo.org.
1. Disparities - Disparity information is only available for data directly derived from household surveys such as MICS and DHS. Therefore, disparity data are not available for the following indicators: vitamin A supplementation,
immunization, and for HIV/AIDS. In addition, neither UNICEF Global Databases nor databases from partner organizations maintain disparity data for the following indicators: total fertility rate, unmet need, institutional deliveries,
contraceptive prevalence, adolescent birth rate.
2. Equity chart - Displays values for the five wealth quintiles to the left. The scale is 0 to 100% for all charts except U5MR, which shows a range of 0 to 300 deaths per 1,000 live births.
3. U5MR - Wealth quintile data are derived directly from MICS, DHS or other surveys. The total is the inter-agency estimate published by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME).
4. Anthropometric indicators - Reference Standards for Underweight, Stunting and Wasting. New international Child Growth Standards for infants and young children were released by WHO in 2006, replacing the older NCHS/WHO
reference population. In using the 2006 WHO reference population, estimates generally change in the following manner: stunting is greater throughout childhood; underweight rates are higher during the first half of infancy and lower
thereafter; and, wasting rates are higher during infancy. Please note that there may be small discrepancies between the totals and the disparity data, as the totals have undergone additional analysis.
5. Child Health - All indicators in this section refer to children under 5 years of age.
6. Water and sanitation - Wealth quintile data are derived from MICS or DHS surveys. Urban, rural and total coverage estimates provided are for 2010 and are those published by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for
Water Supply and Sanitation.
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Printed on 29-May-12